The responsibility to protect and international law

Sudan: the insecurity of power and the "revenge of the state"
El-Affendi, A.A. 2013. Sudan: the insecurity of power and the "revenge of the state". in: Esposito, J.L. and Shahin, E.E.D. (ed.) The Oxford handbook of Islam and politics Oxford Oxford University Press. pp. 440-452

Islamists in Sudan: the insecurity of power and the "revenge of the states
El-Affendi, A.A. 2013. Islamists in Sudan: the insecurity of power and the "revenge of the states. in: Esposito, J.L. and Shahin, E.E.D. (ed.) The Oxford handbook of Islam and politics Oxford Oxford University Press. pp. 440-452

Islamism in Sudan: before, after, in between
El-Affendi, A.A. 2013. Islamism in Sudan: before, after, in between. in: Bayat, A. (ed.) Post-Islamism: the changing faces of political Islam New York Oxford University Press. pp. 301-320

Islamism and the state After Darfur: soft state, failed state or 'black hole state'?
El-Affendi, A.A. 2013. Islamism and the state After Darfur: soft state, failed state or 'black hole state'? in: Sørbø, G.M. and Ahmed, A.G.M. (ed.) Sudan divided: continued conflict in a contested state New York Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 45-70

Arab Spring, Islamist ice-age: Islamism, democracy and the dictatorship of the ‘liberalism of fear’ in the age of revolutions
El-Affendi, A.A. 2013. Arab Spring, Islamist ice-age: Islamism, democracy and the dictatorship of the ‘liberalism of fear’ in the age of revolutions. American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences. 30 (4), pp. 1-18.

The souls of Muslim folk: the "Obama Phenomenon" and the paradoxes of paranoid anti-multiculturalism
El-Affendi, A.A. 2012. The souls of Muslim folk: the "Obama Phenomenon" and the paradoxes of paranoid anti-multiculturalism. American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences. 29 (4), pp. 63-86.

Tada’iyat al-Thawrah fi’l-Sudan (The consequences of the revolution in Sudan)
El-Affendi, A.A. 2012. Tada’iyat al-Thawrah fi’l-Sudan (The consequences of the revolution in Sudan). in: Belqaziz, A.A.I. and Sawani, Y. (ed.) Althawrah wa’l-Intiqal al-Dimuqrati fi’l-Watan Al-‘Arabi (Revolution and democratic transition in the Arab world) Beirut Centre for Arab Unity Studies. pp. 855-910

Revolutionary anatomy: the lessons of the Sudanese revolutions of October 1964 and April 1985
El-Affendi, A.A. 2012. Revolutionary anatomy: the lessons of the Sudanese revolutions of October 1964 and April 1985. Contemporary Arab Affairs. 5 (2), pp. 292-306. https://doi.org/10.1080/17550912.2012.662614

Review article: the Arab Spring and the crisis of interpretation
El-Affendi, A.A. 2012. Review article: the Arab Spring and the crisis of interpretation. The Muslim World Book Review. 32 (2), pp. 6-18.

Neocon orientalism
El-Affendi, A.A. 2012. Neocon orientalism. Critical Muslim. 1 (3), pp. 15-30.

Narrating religious insecurity: Islamic-Western conceptions of mutual threat
El-Affendi, A.A. 2012. Narrating religious insecurity: Islamic-Western conceptions of mutual threat. in: Dumper, M. and Reed, E.D. (ed.) Civil liberties, national security and prospects for consensus: legal, philosophical and religious perspectives Cambridge Cambridge University Press. pp. 225-240

Democracy after the alternatives: overcoming the "fear of democracy" in the Sudanese context
El-Affendi, A.A. 2012. Democracy after the alternatives: overcoming the "fear of democracy" in the Sudanese context. Discourse. 1 (2), pp. 37-61.

Al-Arab wa Janub al-Sudan: Bay al-Salbiyya wa’l-Ghiyab (Arabs and South Sudan: absence and negative presence)
El-Affendi, A.A. 2012. Al-Arab wa Janub al-Sudan: Bay al-Salbiyya wa’l-Ghiyab (Arabs and South Sudan: absence and negative presence). in: Raafat, I. (ed.) Infisal Janub al-Sudan: Al-Makhatir wa’l-Furas (The separation of South Sudan: risks and opportunities) Doha Arab Centre for Research and Policy Studies. pp. 149-164

A trans-Islamic revolution? Reflections on the fate of Islamism in the era of Arab mass revolutions
El-Affendi, A.A. 2012. A trans-Islamic revolution? Reflections on the fate of Islamism in the era of Arab mass revolutions. Critical Muslim. 1 (1).

Making peace gambles work: the Oslo Accords, the Sudanese "Comprehensive Peace Agreement" and their "Spirals of Insecurity"
El-Affendi, A.A. 2011. Making peace gambles work: the Oslo Accords, the Sudanese "Comprehensive Peace Agreement" and their "Spirals of Insecurity". Journal of Peace, Conflict and Development. 17, pp. 1-22.

The Arabs and South Sudan: negativity in neglect (in Arabic)
El-Affendi, A.A. 2011. The Arabs and South Sudan: negativity in neglect (in Arabic). Website of the Arab Centre for Research and Policy Studies, Doha.

Constituting Liberty, Healing the Nation: revolutionary identity creation in the Arab world's delayed 1989
El-Affendi, A.A. 2011. Constituting Liberty, Healing the Nation: revolutionary identity creation in the Arab world's delayed 1989. Third World Quarterly. 32 (7), pp. 1255-1271. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2011.596750

Azmat Al-Dawla fi’l-‘Alam Al-‘Arabi; Halat Al-Sudan (Crisis of the state in the Arab world: the case of Sudan)
El-Affendi, A.A. 2011. Azmat Al-Dawla fi’l-‘Alam Al-‘Arabi; Halat Al-Sudan (Crisis of the state in the Arab world: the case of Sudan). in: al-Shorbaji, A.M. (ed.) Azmat al-Dawala fi’l-‘Alam al-‘Arabi, (Crisis of the state in the Arab world) Beirut Centre for Arab Unity Studies. pp. 195-212

Peace-making and state-building in Africa: lessons from Sudan's 'hybrid' case
El-Affendi, A.A. 2010. Peace-making and state-building in Africa: lessons from Sudan's 'hybrid' case. Nordic Africa Development Policy Forum.

Creatively re-imagining a new Sudanese nation: towards achieving conditional unity
Deng, F.M. and El-Affendi, A.A. 2010. Creatively re-imagining a new Sudanese nation: towards achieving conditional unity. Contemporary Arab Affairs. 3 (3), pp. 334-351. https://doi.org/10.1080/17550912.2010.494408

The modern debate(s) on Islam and democracy: a literature review
El-Affendi, A.A. 2010. The modern debate(s) on Islam and democracy: a literature review. The Asia Foundation’s National Dialogue on Islam and Democracy.

The shortest route between heaven and earth: ethnocentrism and the roots of Sudanese identity in Wad Daifallah and Haj al-Mahi (in Arabic)
El-Affendi, A.A. 2010. The shortest route between heaven and earth: ethnocentrism and the roots of Sudanese identity in Wad Daifallah and Haj al-Mahi (in Arabic). in: El-Nour, E. (ed.) This is the place: in remembrance of Tayeb Salih Khartoum Abd al-Karim Mirghani Centre.

The modern debate(s) on Islam and Democracy
El-Affendi, A.A. 2010. The modern debate(s) on Islam and Democracy. in: Zein, I. (ed.) Islam and democracy in Malaysia: findings from a national dialogue Kuala Lumpur International Institute of Islamic thought and civilization (ISTAC). pp. 3-68

A clash of xenophobic narratives: the symbiotic relationship between Islamophobia and extremism
El-Affendi, A.A. 2010. A clash of xenophobic narratives: the symbiotic relationship between Islamophobia and extremism. in: SEARCTT's selection of articles Mayalsia The Southeast Asia Regional Centre for Counter Terrorism (SEARCTT), Ministry of Foreign Affairs. pp. 30-56

Umma, state and movement: events that shaped the modern debate
El-Affendi, A.A. 2010. Umma, state and movement: events that shaped the modern debate. in: Hroub, K. (ed.) Political Islam: context versus ideology London Saqi Books. pp. 10-36

Political culture and the crisis of democracy in the Arab world
El-Affendi, A.A. 2010. Political culture and the crisis of democracy in the Arab world. in: Elbadawi, I. and Makdisi, S. (ed.) Democracy in the Arab world: explaining the deficit London Routledge. pp. 12-40

Peace-making and state-building in Africa: lessons from Sudan's 'hybrid' case
El-Affendi, A.A. 2010. Peace-making and state-building in Africa: lessons from Sudan's 'hybrid' case. in: Magnusson, Å. (ed.) AFRIKA. 23 afrikaner om vägväl och utmaningar [AFRICA - 23 African voices on contemporary challenges] Göteborg Tre Böcker.

The Napoleon-Saddam syndrome and the crisis of Arab democracy: beyond political culture and the politics of culture
El-Affendi, A.A. 2010. The Napoleon-Saddam syndrome and the crisis of Arab democracy: beyond political culture and the politics of culture. in: Elbadawi, I. and Makdisi, S. (ed.) Democracy in the Arab world: explaining the deficit Routledge.

Liman Taqum al-Dawla al-Islamiyya (Translation of 'Who needs an Islamic state? 2nd edition')
El-Affendi, A.A. 2010. Liman Taqum al-Dawla al-Islamiyya (Translation of 'Who needs an Islamic state? 2nd edition'). Amman Freedom Forum.

Islam’s future imperfect: fighting over camels at the end of history
El-Affendi, A.A. 2010. Islam’s future imperfect: fighting over camels at the end of history. in: Paya, A. and Esposito, J.L. (ed.) Iraq, democracy and the future of the Muslim world Routledge.

The Islamism debate revisited: in search of 'Islamist democrats'
El-Affendi, A.A. 2010. The Islamism debate revisited: in search of 'Islamist democrats'. in: Pace, M. (ed.) Europe, the USA and political Islam: strategies for engagement London Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 125-138

Islam and democracy: the Malasian context
El-Affendi, A.A. 2010. Islam and democracy: the Malasian context. in: Zein, I. (ed.) Islam and democracy in Malaysia: findings from a national dialogue Kuala Lumpur International Institute of Islamic thought and civilization (ISTAC). pp. 69-77

Esperando a Luteroy a las bombas: la 'reforma islamica' como una estrategia de guerra "Waiting for Luther and the Bombs: The 'Islamic Reformation' as a War Strategy"
El-Affendi, A.A. 2010. Esperando a Luteroy a las bombas: la 'reforma islamica' como una estrategia de guerra "Waiting for Luther and the Bombs: The 'Islamic Reformation' as a War Strategy". Awraq. 1 (1), pp. 26-45.

Democracy and Islam
El-Affendi, A.A. 2010. Democracy and Islam. in: Oxford bibliographies online Oxford University Press.

Beyond the conundrum of 'democrats without democracy': mutual reassurance as a path to democratic transition in Sudann [in Arabic]
El-Affendi, A.A. 2010. Beyond the conundrum of 'democrats without democracy': mutual reassurance as a path to democratic transition in Sudann [in Arabic]. in: Kuwari, A. and Madi, A.F. (ed.) Towards an historic democratic bloc in Arab countries Beirut Centre for Arab Unity Studies. pp. 141-169

The perils of regionalism: regional integration as a source of instability in the Horn of Africa?
El-Affendi, A.A. 2009. The perils of regionalism: regional integration as a source of instability in the Horn of Africa? Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding. 3 (1), pp. 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1080/17502970802608118

The war of ideas as therapy: reflections on a eureka moment in the "war on terror"
El-Affendi, A.A. 2009. The war of ideas as therapy: reflections on a eureka moment in the "war on terror". in: Patterson, E.D. and Gallagher, J. (ed.) Debating the war of ideas Basingstoke Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 175-193

The terror of belief and the belief in terror: on violently serving God and nation
El-Affendi, A.A. 2009. The terror of belief and the belief in terror: on violently serving God and nation. in: al-Rasheed, M. and Shterin, M. (ed.) Dying for faith: religiously motivated violence in the contemporary world London I.B. Tauris. pp. 59-75

The people on the edge: religious reform and the burden of the Western Muslim intellectual
El-Affendi, A.A. 2009. The people on the edge: religious reform and the burden of the Western Muslim intellectual. Harvard Middle Eastern and Islamic Review. 8, pp. 19-50.

Translation of: Hassan Turabi, the Islamic movement in Sudan: its development, approach and achievements
El-Affendi, A.A. 2009. Translation of: Hassan Turabi, the Islamic movement in Sudan: its development, approach and achievements. Arab Scientific Publishers.

Islamic revivalism and the elusive ethical state: revisiting the "Damascus model"
El-Affendi, A.A. 2009. Islamic revivalism and the elusive ethical state: revisiting the "Damascus model". in: Krause, W. (ed.) Citizenship, security and democracy: Muslim engagement with the West London Association of Muslim Social Scientists. pp. 201-238

Foreword
El-Affendi, A.A. 2009. Foreword. in: Esposito, J.L. and Ansari, Z.I. (ed.) Muslims and the West: encounter and dialogue Richmond Legacy Publishing. pp. xiii-xv

(Co-author) Contextualising Islam in Britain: exploratory perspectives
El-Affendi, A.A. 2009. (Co-author) Contextualising Islam in Britain: exploratory perspectives. Cambridge Centre of Islamic Studies.

Azmat Darfur: Nazra fi’l-Judhur wa’l-Hulul al-Mumkina [The Darfur Crisis: Roots and Possible Solutions]
El-Affendi, A.A. 2009. Azmat Darfur: Nazra fi’l-Judhur wa’l-Hulul al-Mumkina [The Darfur Crisis: Roots and Possible Solutions]. Abu Dhabi Emirates Centre for Strategic Studies and Research.

Al-Ab’ad al-Gha’ibah fi Azmat Darfur [The Hidden Dimensions of the Darfur Crisis]
El-Affendi, A.A. 2009. Al-Ab’ad al-Gha’ibah fi Azmat Darfur [The Hidden Dimensions of the Darfur Crisis]. Abu Dhabi Emirates Centre for Strategic Studies and Research.

Who needs an Islamic state? 2nd edition
El-Affendi, A.A. 2008. Who needs an Islamic state? 2nd edition. London Malaysia Think Tank London.

Race, memory, religion and politics in Frances Deng’s Cry of the owl
El-Affendi, A.A. 2008. Race, memory, religion and politics in Frances Deng’s Cry of the owl. in: Adera, T. and Ahmed, A.J. (ed.) The road less travelled: reflections on the literature of the Horn of Africa Trenton, NJ The Red Sea Press. pp. 411-418

Sudanese futures: one country or many?
El-Affendi, A.A. 2008. Sudanese futures: one country or many? Contemporary Arab Affairs. 1 (1), pp. 61-70. https://doi.org/10.1080/17550910701812263

Hassan Turabi and the limits of modern Islamic reformism
El-Affendi, A.A. 2006. Hassan Turabi and the limits of modern Islamic reformism. in: Abu-Rabi, I.M. (ed.) The Blackwell companion to contemporary Islamic thought Malden, MA, USA Blackwell. pp. 145-160

Democracy and its (Muslim) critics: an Islamic alternative to democracy?
El-Affendi, A.A. 2006. Democracy and its (Muslim) critics: an Islamic alternative to democracy? in: Muqtedar Khan, M.A. (ed.) Islamic democratic discourse : theory, debates, and philosophical perspectives Lanham, MD Lexington Books. pp. 227-256

The conquest of Muslim hearts and minds: perspectives on U.S. reform and public diplomacy strategies
El-Affendi, A.A. 2005. The conquest of Muslim hearts and minds: perspectives on U.S. reform and public diplomacy strategies. Washington, USA Brookings Institution.

(Co-author) The Arab human development report 2004: towards freedom in the Arab world
El-Affendi, A.A. 2005. (Co-author) The Arab human development report 2004: towards freedom in the Arab world. New York United Nations Development Programme, Regional Bureau for Arab States.

Waiting for Armageddon: the "mother of all empires" and its Middle East quagmire
El-Affendi, A.A. 2004. Waiting for Armageddon: the "mother of all empires" and its Middle East quagmire. in: Held, D. and Koenig-Archibugi, M. (ed.) American power in the twenty-first century Oxford, UK Polity Press. pp. 252-276

On the state, democracy and pluralism
El-Affendi, A.A. 2004. On the state, democracy and pluralism. in: Taji-Farouki, S. and Nafi, B.M. (ed.) Islamic thought in the twentieth century London, UK I.B. Tauris. pp. 172-194

Islamic movements: establishment, significance and contextual realities
El-Affendi, A.A. 2004. Islamic movements: establishment, significance and contextual realities. in: Islamic movements: impact on political stability in the Arab world Abu Dhabi Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research. pp. 7-52

Democracy and the Islamist paradox
El-Affendi, A.A., Beetham, D. and Walker, N. 2003. Democracy and the Islamist paradox. in: Axtmann, R. (ed.) Understanding democratic politics: an introduction London, UK Sage. pp. 311-320

The elusive reformation
El-Affendi, A.A. 2003. The elusive reformation. in: Diamond, L., Plattner, M.F. and Brumberg, D. (ed.) Islam and democracy in the Middle East Baltimore John Hopkins University Press. pp. 252-257

What is liberal Islam? The elusive reformation
El-Affendi, A.A. 2003. What is liberal Islam? The elusive reformation. Journal of Democracy. 14 (2), pp. 34-39.

For a state of peace: conflict and the future of democracy in Sudan
El-Affendi, A.A. 2002. For a state of peace: conflict and the future of democracy in Sudan. London University of Westminster.

The impasse in the Igad peace process for Sudan: the limits of regional peacemaking?
El-Affendi, A.A. 2001. The impasse in the Igad peace process for Sudan: the limits of regional peacemaking? African Affairs. 100 (401), pp. 581-599. https://doi.org/10.1093/afraf/100.401.581

Islam and human rights: the lessons from Sudan
El-Affendi, A.A. 2001. Islam and human rights: the lessons from Sudan. Muslim World. 91 (3-4), pp. 481-506. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-1913.2001.tb03727.x

Reviving controversy: Islamic revivalism and modern human rights
El-Affendi, A.A. 2000. Reviving controversy: Islamic revivalism and modern human rights. Encounters. 6, pp. 117-150.

Rationality of politics and politics of rationality
El-Affendi, A.A. 2000. Rationality of politics and politics of rationality. in: Esposito, J.L. and Tamimi, A. (ed.) Islam and secularism in the Middle East London Hurst. pp. 151-169

The eclipse of reason: the media in the Muslim world
El-Affendi, A.A. 1993. The eclipse of reason: the media in the Muslim world. Journal of International Affairs. 47, pp. 163-193.

Knowledge, justice and conflict resolution: Islamic perspectives and traditions
El-Affendi, A.A. 1993. Knowledge, justice and conflict resolution: Islamic perspectives and traditions. in: Hurskainen, A. and Salih, M. (ed.) Social science and conflict resolution: proceedings of the international conference The role of social science in conflict resolution held in Helsinki 9-13.1.1993 Helsinki Helsinki University Press. pp. 42-50

Who needs an Islamic state?
El-Affendi, A.A. 1991. Who needs an Islamic state? Grey Seal.

Turabi's revolution: Islam and power in Sudan
El-Affendi, A.A. 1991. Turabi's revolution: Islam and power in Sudan. London Grey Seal.

Discovering the South: Sudanese dilemmas for Islam in Africa
El-Affendi, A.A. 1990. Discovering the South: Sudanese dilemmas for Islam in Africa. Africa Affairs. 89 (356), pp. 371-389.

The long march from Lahore to Khartoum: beyond the 'Muslim reformation'
El-Affendi, A.A. 1990. The long march from Lahore to Khartoum: beyond the 'Muslim reformation'. British Society for Middle Eastern Studies Bulletin. 17 (2), pp. 137-151. https://doi.org/10.1080/13530199008705512