Safety of intracranial electroencephalography during functional electromagnetic resonance imaging in humans at 1.5 tesla using a head transmit RF coil: Histopathological and heat-shock immunohistochemistry observations.

Liu, Joan Y W, Hawsawi, Hassan B, Sharma, Niraj, Carmichael, David W, Diehl, Beate, Thom, Maria and Lemieux, Louis 2022. Safety of intracranial electroencephalography during functional electromagnetic resonance imaging in humans at 1.5 tesla using a head transmit RF coil: Histopathological and heat-shock immunohistochemistry observations. NeuroImage. 254 119129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119129

TitleSafety of intracranial electroencephalography during functional electromagnetic resonance imaging in humans at 1.5 tesla using a head transmit RF coil: Histopathological and heat-shock immunohistochemistry observations.
TypeJournal article
AuthorsLiu, Joan Y W, Hawsawi, Hassan B, Sharma, Niraj, Carmichael, David W, Diehl, Beate, Thom, Maria and Lemieux, Louis
AbstractSimultaneous intracranial EEG and functional MRI (icEEG-fMRI) recordings in humans, whereby EEG is recorded from electrodes implanted inside the cranium during fMRI scanning, were made possible following safety studies on test phantoms and our specification of a rigorous data acquisition protocol. In parallel with this work, other investigations in our laboratory revealed the damage caused by the EEG electrode implantation procedure at the cellular level. The purpose of this report is to further explore the safety of performing MRI, including simultaneous icEEG-fMRI data acquisitions, in the presence of implanted intra-cranial EEG electrodes, by presenting some histopathological and heat-shock immunopositive labeling observations in surgical tissue samples from patients who underwent the scanning procedure. We performed histopathology and heat shock protein expression analyses on surgical tissue samples from nine patients who had been implanted with icEEG electrodes. Three patients underwent icEEG-fMRI and structural MRI (sMRI); three underwent sMRI only, all at similar time points after icEEG implantation; and three who did not undergo functional or sMRI with icEEG electrodes. The histopathological findings from the three patients who underwent icEEG-fMRI were similar to those who did not, in that they showed no evidence of additional damage in the vicinity of the electrodes, compared to cases who had no MRI with implanted icEEG electrodes. This finding was similar to our observations in patients who only underwent sMRI with implanted icEEG electrodes. This work provides unique evidence on the safety of functional MRI in the presence of implanted EEG electrodes. In the cases studied, icEEG-fMRI performed in accordance with our protocol based on low-SAR (≤0.1 W/kg) sequences at 1.5T using a head-transmit RF coil, did not result in measurable additional damage to the brain tissue in the vicinity of implanted electrodes. Furthermore, while one cannot generalize the results of this study beyond the specific electrode implantation and scanning conditions described herein, we submit that our approach is a useful framework for the post-hoc safety assessment of MR scanning with brain implants. [Abstract copyright: Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier Inc.]
KeywordsIcEEG-fMRI safety
Histopathology
Brain implants
Immunohistochemistry
RF heating
Brain injury
Article number119129
JournalNeuroImage
Journal citation254
ISSN1095-9572
Year2022
PublisherElsevier
Publisher's version
License
CC BY 4.0
File Access Level
Open (open metadata and files)
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119129
PubMed ID35331868
Publication dates
Published online22 Mar 2022
Published in print01 Jul 2022

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