Direct selling: an academic perspective

Differences in turnover predictors between multilevel and single level direct selling organizations
Wotruba, T.R., Brodie, S. and Stanworth, J. 2005. Differences in turnover predictors between multilevel and single level direct selling organizations. International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research. 15 (1), pp. 91-110. https://doi.org/10.1080/0959396042000299148

Outsourcing salesforces via self-employment: the case of direct selling in the UK
Stanworth, J., Brodie, S., Wotruba, T.R. and Purdy, D. 2004. Outsourcing salesforces via self-employment: the case of direct selling in the UK. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development. 11 (1), pp. 50-59. https://doi.org/10.1108/14626000410519092

Public perceptions of direct selling: an international perspective
Brodie, S., Albaum, G., Chen, D.F.R., Garcia, L., Kennedy, R., Msweli-Mbanga, P., Oksanen-Ylikoski, E. and Wotruba, T.R. 2004. Public perceptions of direct selling: an international perspective. London, UK University of Westminster Press.

Direct sales franchises in the United Kingdom
Stanworth, J., Brodie, S., Wotruba, T.R. and Purdy, D. 2003. Direct sales franchises in the United Kingdom. in: Welsh, D. and Alon, I. (ed.) International franchising in industrialized markets: Western and Northern Europe Chicago, USA CCH Incorporated. pp. 449-470

Direct sales franchises in the UK: a self-employment grey area
Brodie, S., Stanworth, J. and Wotruba, T.R. 2002. Direct sales franchises in the UK: a self-employment grey area. International Small Business Journal. 20 (1), pp. 53-76. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242602201005

Direct sales franchises in the UK: a self-employment grey area
Brodie, S., Stanworth, J. and Wotruba, T.R. 2002. Direct sales franchises in the UK: a self-employment grey area. 16th Annual International Society of Franchising Conference. Florida, USA 08-10 Feb 2002

American-owned direct sales franchises in the United Kingdom
Brodie, S., Stanworth, J. and Wotruba, T.R. 2002. American-owned direct sales franchises in the United Kingdom. 16th Annual International Society of Franchising (ISOF) Conference: Franchise Systems at the Turning Point of Maturity. Orlando, Florida, USA 09-10 Feb 2002

A comparison of direct sales people in multi-level vs. single-level organisation
Brodie, S., Stanworth, J. and Wotruba, T.R. 2002. A comparison of direct sales people in multi-level vs. single-level organisation. Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management. 22 (2), pp. 67-75.

Direct sales franchises in the UK: a self-employment grey area
Brodie, S., Stanworth, J. and Wotruba, T.R. 2001. Direct sales franchises in the UK: a self-employment grey area. 24th ISBA National Small Firms Policy and Research Conference. Leicester, UK 14-16 Nov 2001

Self-employment dynamics of the independent contractor in the direct selling industry
Brodie, S. 1999. Self-employment dynamics of the independent contractor in the direct selling industry. PhD thesis University of Westminster Westminster Business School https://doi.org/10.34737/945qy