Watson, V.A. 2017. On the Matter and Intelligence of the Architectural Model: Arthur Schopenhauer’s Psychophysiological Theory of Architecture and Konrad Wachsmann’s Design of a Space Structure. AJAR: Arena Journal of Architectural Research. 2 (1), pp. 1-14 1. https://doi.org/10.5334/ajar.22
| Title | On the Matter and Intelligence of the Architectural Model: Arthur Schopenhauer’s Psychophysiological Theory of Architecture and Konrad Wachsmann’s Design of a Space Structure |
|---|---|
| Type | Journal article |
| Authors | Watson, V.A. |
| Abstract | During the last decades of the twentieth century, the modernist concept of ‘space’ in architecture became a subject of inquiry for architectural critics and historians. One curiosity arising within the discourse suggested that the thinking of the nineteenth-century philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer was foundational for the concept of ‘space’ that developed in German aesthetics throughout the nineteenth and into the twentieth centuries, eventually informing modernist architectural theory. This essay looks at the way Schopenhauer used architectural models, not only to clarify his understanding of space, but also to demonstrate what was for him the much more important notion of ‘Idea’. It then turns to the German modernist architect Konrad Wachsmann, who was most famous for his seminal book, The Turning Point of Building (1961), which advocated the industrialization of building as a project for architecture. The essay asks if Schopenhauer’s distinction between ‘space’ and ‘Idea’ can illuminate the new ‘understanding of space’ that Wachsmann thought would arise as a consequence of a systematic industrialization of building. Discussion will focus on a particular section of Wachsmann’s book that gives an account of his design of a space structure commissioned by the US Air Force in 1959, taking that project as exemplary of his thinking, working methods and values. It will also take note of the way in which the space structure stimulated the imagination of the American artist, Robert Smithson, who began to envisage the entire planet as encapsulated in an enormous virtual grid – one that was, like a Schopenhauerian ‘Idea’, supposedly constituted out of mind and matter. To end the essay looks briefly at the notion of ‘field,’ which, many architects argued at the time, would supersede ‘space’ as the conceptual mainspring of theory and practice. |
| Keywords | Model, Space, Gravity, Physiology. Aesthetics, Perception |
| Article number | 1 |
| Journal | AJAR: Arena Journal of Architectural Research |
| Journal citation | 2 (1), pp. 1-14 |
| ISSN | 2397-0820 |
| Year | 2017 |
| Publisher | Ubiquity Press |
| Publisher's version | License CC BY 4.0 File Access Level Open (open metadata and files) |
| Digital Object Identifier (DOI) | https://doi.org/10.5334/ajar.22 |
| Publication dates | |
| Published | 04 Jan 2017 |
ICW_V1_firsts_image 3_bottom right (16.jpg)
Watson, V.A. 2024. ICW_V1_firsts_image 3_bottom right (16.jpg).
Design Practices
Mr Wilfred Achille, Ayuso, A., Batty, S., Boulanger, A., Cascone, P., Durelle, K., Dr Ana Gatóo, Girardin, F., Golzari, N., Guibert, E., Kramer, M., Maragiannis, A., McLean, W., Nieva Mesas, G., Pollock, B., Zaide, P., Zhang, J., Sharif, Y., Silver, P., Urna Sodnomjamts, Tankard, J., Thwaites, A., Watson, V.A. and Wilkinson, C. Watson, V.A., McLean, W. and Urna Sodnomjamts (ed.) 2024. Design Practices. University of Westminster DPRG Publications.
Harwood, Elain, Brutalist Britain, Buildings of the 1960s and 1970s
Watson, V.A. 2024. Harwood, Elain, Brutalist Britain, Buildings of the 1960s and 1970s. Journal of Historic Buildings and Places. 03, pp. 194-195.
An Inquiry into the Architectural Identity of Herzog & de Meuron: A study of their Tate Modern, London, and the Museum of the Twentieth Century, Berlin, competition events and design strategies
Watson, V.A. 2024. An Inquiry into the Architectural Identity of Herzog & de Meuron: A study of their Tate Modern, London, and the Museum of the Twentieth Century, Berlin, competition events and design strategies. Journal of Historic Buildings and Places. 3, 2024, pp. 145-171.
Stevenage New Town Tabloids
Watson, V.A. 2023. Stevenage New Town Tabloids. London
A Single Chemist's Shelf
Watson, V.A. 2023. A Single Chemist's Shelf. London Doctor Watson Architects.
Technologies of Care: Thought, Cardboard and Silver Paint
Watson, V.A. 2023. Technologies of Care: Thought, Cardboard and Silver Paint. University of Westminster, Fabrication Lab & Ambika P3 27 Sep - 22 Oct 2023
Weaving an Air Grid 01
Watson, V.A. 2023. Weaving an Air Grid 01. Clerkenwell, London 01 Jan 2020
Utopia Re-Visited: Post-Crash New Town
Watson, V.A. 2023. Utopia Re-Visited: Post-Crash New Town. University of Westminster
After Belonging: Architecture, Nation, Difference
Heynen, H., Lokko, L., Melhuish, C., Milne, S., Pandya, S., Saleem, S., Scriver, P. and Watson, V.A. Pandya, S. (ed.) 2023. After Belonging: Architecture, Nation, Difference. Abingdon (UK) and New York (USA) Routledge.
Doctor Watson Architects: Incomplete Works Volume Five
Watson, V.A. 2023. Doctor Watson Architects: Incomplete Works Volume Five. London AIR Grid Publications.
Doctor Watson Architects, Incomplete Works Volume Four
Watson, V.A. 2023. Doctor Watson Architects, Incomplete Works Volume Four. London AIR Grid Publications.
Architecture and Faux-nationalism: reflections on a remark made by the British architectural historian Gavin Stamp about the German-American architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
Victoria Watson 2023. Architecture and Faux-nationalism: reflections on a remark made by the British architectural historian Gavin Stamp about the German-American architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. in: Pandya, S. (ed.) After belonging: Architecture, Nation, Difference Routledge.
Restoration, Expansion and the Building Art: Contemporary Issues in the Life of Mies van der Rohe’s Museum of Modern Art (New National Gallery) in Berlin
Watson, V.A. 2023. Restoration, Expansion and the Building Art: Contemporary Issues in the Life of Mies van der Rohe’s Museum of Modern Art (New National Gallery) in Berlin. Journal of Historic Buildings and Places. 01, pp. 113-124.
Doctor Watson Architects on Vimeo
Watson, V.A. Forthcoming. Doctor Watson Architects on Vimeo.
Puffer Tank
Watson, V.A. 2022. Puffer Tank. London
SCREEN WALL
Watson, V.A. 2022. SCREEN WALL. London Doctor Watson Architects.
TAFURI (DIGITAL)
Watson, V.A. 2022. TAFURI (DIGITAL). London
TAFURI (LIVE)
Watson, V.A. 2022. TAFURI (LIVE). London Doctor Watson Architects.
Percussion Animation
Watson, V.A. 2021. Percussion Animation. London
Construction Voids
Watson, V.A. 2021. Construction Voids. London
A Grid with a Brain
Watson, V.A. 2021. A Grid with a Brain. YouTube
am skyscraper series #1
Watson, V.A. 2021. am skyscraper series #1. YouTube
A New Skyscraper Concept
Watson, V.A. 2021. A New Skyscraper Concept. Learning Platform, Marylebone Campus, UoW 25 Oct - 01 Nov 2021
Switch Beetles
Watson, V.A. 2021. Switch Beetles. Clerkenwell, London
A Nuclear Bomb Memorial
DWA&CO. 2021. A Nuclear Bomb Memorial.
An Eco Museum for Stevenage
DWA&CO. 2021. An Eco Museum for Stevenage . London Doctor Watson Architects.
Trace: Translating Bankside Air Raid Shelter through Material and Spatial Tracings
Dean, C., Watson, V.A. and Santo, D. 2021. Trace: Translating Bankside Air Raid Shelter through Material and Spatial Tracings. in: Troiani, I. and Ewing, S. (ed.) Spaces of Tolerance Routledge.
Doctor Watson Architects: Incomplete Works Volume Three
Watson, V.A. 2021. Doctor Watson Architects: Incomplete Works Volume Three. London AIR Grid Publications.
FABLAB FabLab
Watson, V.A. 2020. FABLAB FabLab. 35 Marylebone Road 01 Sep 2020
DS2_6 Heritage to Helios: Six Projects, Hannah Ismail, Jason (Chan) Lai, Amber Collinson, Joe Robinson, Yuen-Wah Williams, Will Pope
Watson, V.A. 2020. DS2_6 Heritage to Helios: Six Projects, Hannah Ismail, Jason (Chan) Lai, Amber Collinson, Joe Robinson, Yuen-Wah Williams, Will Pope. London
AIR Grid NESO
Watson, V.A. 2020. AIR Grid NESO. London Doctor Watson Architects.
AIR Grid LAOMEDEIA
Watson, V.A. 2020. AIR Grid LAOMEDEIA. London Doctor Watson Architects.
AIR Grid HALIMEDE
Watson, V.A. 2020. AIR Grid HALIMEDE. London Doctor Watson Architects.
AIR Grid PROTEUS
Watson, V.A. 2020. AIR Grid PROTEUS. London Doctor Watson Architects.
AIR Grid GALATEA
Watson, V.A. 2020. AIR Grid GALATEA. London Doctor Watson Architects.
AIR Grid DESPINA
Watson, V.A. 2020. AIR Grid DESPINA. London Doctor Watson Architects.
AIR Grid THALASSA
Watson, V.A. 2020. AIR Grid THALASSA. London Doctor Watson Architects.
AIR Grid NAIAD
Watson, V.A. 2020. AIR Grid NAIAD. London Doctor Watson Architects.
AIR Grid: LARISSA
Watson, V.A. 2020. AIR Grid: LARISSA. London Doctor Watson Architects.
AIR Grid: NEREID
Watson, V.A. 2020. AIR Grid: NEREID. London Doctor Watson Architects.
AIR Grid: TRITON
Watson, V.A. 2020. AIR Grid: TRITON. London Doctor Watson Architects.
ppF: sensation of a person in space/Chry&Co
Watson, V.A. 2020. ppF: sensation of a person in space/Chry&Co. London Doctor Watson Architects.
Architectures of Nothing: Aldo Rossi & Raymond Roussel
Watson, V.A. 2020. Architectures of Nothing: Aldo Rossi & Raymond Roussel. London
Doctor Watson Architects: The Architecture School
Watson, V.A. 2020. Doctor Watson Architects: The Architecture School. utube
UNOVIS to Bauhaus: Malevich's Theory of Education
Watson, V.A. 2020. UNOVIS to Bauhaus: Malevich's Theory of Education. London
Doctor Watson Architects Incomplete Works Volume Two
Watson, V.A. 2020. Doctor Watson Architects Incomplete Works Volume Two. London AIR Grid Publications.
Architecture and Faux-nationalism: reflections on a remark made by the British architectural historian Gavin Stamp about the German-American architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
Watson, V.A. 2020. Architecture and Faux-nationalism: reflections on a remark made by the British architectural historian Gavin Stamp about the German-American architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. National Identities. 22 (4), pp. 471-478. https://doi.org/10.1080/14608944.2020.1803576
Doctor Watson Architects: Incomplete Works Volume One
Watson, V.A. 2020. Doctor Watson Architects: Incomplete Works Volume One. London AIR Grid Publications.
Bringing AIR Grid to the London Metropolitan Area
Watson, V.A. 2019. Bringing AIR Grid to the London Metropolitan Area. London
AIR Grid: Four Aristippian Structures
Watson, V.A. 2019. AIR Grid: Four Aristippian Structures. London
Trace: Design Project and Critical Reflection
Watson, V.A., Dean, C. and Santo, D. 2019. Trace: Design Project and Critical Reflection. Architecture and Culture. 7 (1), pp. 85-93. https://doi.org/10.1080/20507828.2019.1571156
20th Century Avant-garde and Architecture: Mies van der Rohe's unbuilt design for the City of London
Watson, V.A. 2019. 20th Century Avant-garde and Architecture: Mies van der Rohe's unbuilt design for the City of London. Transactions of the Ancient Monuments Society. 63, pp. 90-106.
AIR Grid museum without balustrades, two animations
Watson, V.A. 2018. AIR Grid museum without balustrades, two animations. London
/ATMOSPHERE/
Watson, V.A. 2018. /ATMOSPHERE/. London School of Architecture and the Built Environment, University of Westminster.
Architectures of Nothing: Aldo Rossi and Raymond Roussel
Watson, V.A. 2018. Architectures of Nothing: Aldo Rossi and Raymond Roussel. Kurg, A. and Vicente, K. (ed.) European Architectural History Network Fifth International Meeting. National Library of Estonia, Tallinn 13 - 16 Jun 2018 European Architectural History Network.
Doctor Watson Architects: AIR Grid Installations
Watson, V.A. Forthcoming. Doctor Watson Architects: AIR Grid Installations. Vimeo
Hatching: Piranesi & Tafuri
Watson, V.A. 2018. Hatching: Piranesi & Tafuri. London AIR Grid Publications.
Car Park to Cosmos
Watson, V.A. 2018. Car Park to Cosmos. Doctor Watson Architects.
Haunting: Whitehead & Mies
Watson, V.A. 2018. Haunting: Whitehead & Mies. London AIR Grid Publications.
Architectures of Nothing: Aldo Rossi and Raymond Roussel (full article & slideshow of images)
Watson, V.A. 2018. Architectures of Nothing: Aldo Rossi and Raymond Roussel (full article & slideshow of images). in: Kurg, A. and Vicente, K. (ed.) Proceedings of the 5th International Conference of the European Architectural History Network Estonia Estonian Academy of Arts. pp. 307-316
Team AIR Grid (CCC): Fab Fest 2018
Watson, V.A. 2018. Team AIR Grid (CCC): Fab Fest 2018. Ambika P3, 35 Marylebone Road, NW1 5LS 02 - 10 Jul 2018
Review of: Mies van der Rohe + James Stirling: Circling the Square, The Architecture Gallery, RIBA, March 8 to June 25, 2017
Watson, V.A. 2018. Review of: Mies van der Rohe + James Stirling: Circling the Square, The Architecture Gallery, RIBA, March 8 to June 25, 2017. Architectural Histories: The open access journal of the EAHN. 6 (1), p. 22. https://doi.org/10.5334/ah.359
Rurality and Minimal Architecture: An Inquiry into the Genealogy of Tate Modern’s Bankside Gallery Spaces
Watson, V. 2018. Rurality and Minimal Architecture: An Inquiry into the Genealogy of Tate Modern’s Bankside Gallery Spaces. ARENA Journal of Architectural Research. 3 (1), p. 4. https://doi.org/10.5334/ajar.46
Doctor Watson Architects: AIR Grid Transnational
Watson, V.A. 2018. Doctor Watson Architects: AIR Grid Transnational. Vimeo
Doctor Watson Architects: Publications in the History & Theory of Architecture
Watson, V.A. 2018. Doctor Watson Architects: Publications in the History & Theory of Architecture. Vimeo
AIR Grid: Partial Recall
Watson, V.A. 2018. AIR Grid: Partial Recall. The Bridge Gallery, University of Westminster, 35 Marylebone Road 20 Mar - 20 Jul 2008
AIR Grid: Exhibition Extract
Watson, V.A. 2018. AIR Grid: Exhibition Extract . London Gallery West, The Forum, Westminster School of Media, Arts & Design, University of Westminster, Watford Road, Harrow 22 Apr - 17 May 2009
Doctor Watson Architects: Plasma Department, Collection
Watson, V.A. 2018. Doctor Watson Architects: Plasma Department, Collection. Vimeo
Doctor Watson Architects: Bots, Collection
Watson, V.A. 2018. Doctor Watson Architects: Bots, Collection. Vimeo
Trace: Design Project and Critical Reflection
Dean, C., Santo, D. and Watson, V.A. 2018. Trace: Design Project and Critical Reflection.
Doctor Watson Architects: Classic AIR Grid, Collection
Watson, V.A. 2018. Doctor Watson Architects: Classic AIR Grid, Collection. Vimeo
Doctor Watson Architects: Corviale, Collection
Watson, V.A. 2017. Doctor Watson Architects: Corviale, Collection. Vimeo
The Earth is Flat and Square: Yves Klein’s Paintings of Thunderclouds
Watson, V.A. 2017. The Earth is Flat and Square: Yves Klein’s Paintings of Thunderclouds. in: Bremner, L. and Trower, G. (ed.) Monsoon [+ Other] Airs London Monsoon Assemblages. pp. 27-34
Maison Bruell
Watson, V.A. 2017. Maison Bruell. London Doctor Watson Architects.
AIR Grid: Mock-up for an exhibition on the bridge
Watson, V.A. 2017. AIR Grid: Mock-up for an exhibition on the bridge. University of Westminster, 35 Marylebone Road 17 Sep - 03 Oct 2017
Botvert
Watson, V.A. 2017. Botvert. London Doctor Watson Architects.
BluBot
Watson, V.A. 2017. BluBot. London Doctor Watson Architects.
PolBot & BotPol
Watson, V.A. 2017. PolBot & BotPol. London Doctor Watson Architects.
Reflections on Trace
Watson, V.A. 2017. Reflections on Trace. London
City of Unimaginable Subjects: 01, 02 & 03
Watson, V.A. 2017. City of Unimaginable Subjects: 01, 02 & 03. London
Big Air World Bots 2
Watson, V.A. 2017. Big Air World Bots 2. London
Big Air World Bots 1
Watson, V.A. 2017. Big Air World Bots 1. London
Flying into Space
Watson, V.A. 2017. Flying into Space. London Miniminx Publications.
gold X in a storm
Watson, V.A. 2017. gold X in a storm. DWA on Vimeo
Blue moments
Watson, V.A. 2017. Blue moments.
Brown and Blue Airs
Watson, V.A. 2017. Brown and Blue Airs.
Cosmological leaps
Watson, V.A. 2017. Cosmological leaps.
YYOG
Watson, V.A. Forthcoming. YYOG.
Twentieth Century Modern Architecture and the Countryside
Watson, V.A. 2016. Twentieth Century Modern Architecture and the Countryside. Transactions of the Ancient Monuments Society. 60, pp. 80-93.
OORY
Watson, V.A. 2016. OORY .
T A Q
Watson, V.A. 2016. T A Q. Doctor Watson Architects.
Twelve Cosmological Leaps - series 02
Watson, V.A. 2016. Twelve Cosmological Leaps - series 02. London
Twelve Cosmological Leaps - series 01
Watson, V.A. 2016. Twelve Cosmological Leaps - series 01. London
Nineteen Cosmological Leaps
Watson, V.A. 2016. Nineteen Cosmological Leaps. London
M & CO
Watson, V.A. 2016. M & CO. Doctor Watson Architects.
CO & CHRY
Watson, V.A. 2016. CO & CHRY. Doctor Watson Architects.
COBRA
Watson, V.A. 2016. COBRA. Doctor Watson Architects.
A New Temple Landscape
Watson, V.A. 2014. A New Temple Landscape. P.E.A.R. (Paper for Emerging Architecture Research). 6, pp. 82-87.
Flying Circus 014: Hatching - Piranesi & Tafuri
Watson, V.A. 2015. Flying Circus 014: Hatching - Piranesi & Tafuri. London Miniminx Publications.
Off Grid
Watson, V.A., Pandya, S., Weng, J., de Alberto Castro, Justine, Dimitriou, E., Tengtrirat, N., Mansoor, Z., Yurtbulmus, Y., Montina, J., Klak, N., Vasilev Martin and de Castro, A. 2015. Off Grid. Architecture Studios, SABE, University of Westminster, Marylebone Block, 35 Marylebone Road 10 Nov 2015
Tokamak City - Hello, Kepler 62f
Doctor Watson Architects and Watson, V.A. 2015. Tokamak City - Hello, Kepler 62f. London Doctor Watson Architects.
Tokamak City - Microstructure, House Block
Doctor Watson Architects and Watson, V.A. 2015. Tokamak City - Microstructure, House Block .
Tokamak City - Orange Mine
Doctor Watson Architects and Watson, V.A. 2015. Tokamak City - Orange Mine. London Doctor Watson Architects.
Three Towers
Watson, V.A. 2015. Three Towers. Royal Academy, London
Three Towers Watching
Watson, V.A. 2015. Three Towers Watching.
Flying Circus 015: Haunting - Whitehead & Mies
Watson, V.A. 2015. Flying Circus 015: Haunting - Whitehead & Mies. London Miniminx Publications.
Making an Air Grid
Watson, V.A. 2015. Making an Air Grid.
Beyond Suprematism, 01
Big Air World and Watson, V.A. 2015. Beyond Suprematism, 01.
Flying Circus 010: The Marriage of Lumen & Lux
Watson, V.A. 2014. Flying Circus 010: The Marriage of Lumen & Lux. Miniminx Publications.
Flying Circus 011: Formal Models
Watson, V.A. 2014. Flying Circus 011: Formal Models. London Miniminx Publications.
Flying Circus 012: The Four Elements
Watson, V.A. 2014. Flying Circus 012: The Four Elements. Miniminx Publications.
Achilles Turning and Peleus Turning
Watson, V.A. 2014. Achilles Turning and Peleus Turning. Doctor Watson Architects.
Space-Time and Architecture
Field, F., Goodbun, J. and Watson, V.A. 2014. Space-Time and Architecture. Journal of the British Interplanetary Society. 67, pp. 322-331.
Colour Sensation and Empathy: Arthur Schopenhauer's Negative Philosophy and Colour Theory as the Basis of an Elemental Colour Architecture
Watson, V.A. 2014. Colour Sensation and Empathy: Arthur Schopenhauer's Negative Philosophy and Colour Theory as the Basis of an Elemental Colour Architecture. Architectural Theory Review. 19 (2), pp. 193-202. https://doi.org/10.1080/13264826.2014.967333
Flying Circus 012+1: The Prehistoric House
Watson, V.A. 2014. Flying Circus 012+1: The Prehistoric House. London, UK Miniminx Publications.
A New Temple Landscape
Watson, V.A. 2014. A New Temple Landscape. P.E.A.R (Paper for Emerging Research in Architecture). 6, pp. 82-87.
The demonstrators - six colour forms & their antiforms: Marilyn & Antim / Polia & Antip / Olivia & Antio / Chrystophene & Antichry / Vectorah & Antiv / Cobra & Antico
Watson, V.A. 2012. The demonstrators - six colour forms & their antiforms: Marilyn & Antim / Polia & Antip / Olivia & Antio / Chrystophene & Antichry / Vectorah & Antiv / Cobra & Antico. London Bibliotheque McLean.
Utopian Adventure: The Corviale Void
Watson, V.A. 2012. Utopian Adventure: The Corviale Void. Farnham Ashgate.
The locus inside
Watson, V.A. 2011. The locus inside. AA Files: annals of the Architectural Association School of Architecture. 63, pp. 15-17.
The Architecture of Looking
Watson, V.A., Haralambidou, P., Lai Chee-K and Dewdney, M. 2010. The Architecture of Looking. Vimeo
Air grid: five houses and some curious ideas - an interpretation of the fold
Watson, V.A. 2008. Air grid: five houses and some curious ideas - an interpretation of the fold.
Problems of painting and building in architecture introduction
Watson, V.A. 2009. Problems of painting and building in architecture introduction. The Journal of Architecture. 14 (3), pp. 289-294. https://doi.org/10.1080/13602360903027848
Pictorial grids: reading the buildings of Mies van der Rohe through the paintings of Agnes Martin
Watson, V.A. 2009. Pictorial grids: reading the buildings of Mies van der Rohe through the paintings of Agnes Martin. The Journal of Architecture. 14 (3), pp. 421-438. https://doi.org/10.1080/13602360903027996
Air grid: the city of unimaginable subjects
Watson, V.A. 2008. Air grid: the city of unimaginable subjects. Montague Place 04 - 06 Jun 2008
Air grid: five houses
Watson, V.A. 2008. Air grid: five houses. Colour: Design and Creativity. 3 (6), pp. 1-6.
On drawing forth, designs and ideas
Watson, V.A. 2007. On drawing forth, designs and ideas. in: Rendell, J., Hill, J., Dorrian, M. and Fraser, M. (ed.) Critical Architecture London, UK Routledge. pp. 236-237
Air grid: a new colour form
Watson, V.A. 2007. Air grid: a new colour form. Colour: Design and Creativity. 1 (1), pp. 7 : 1-11.
How Henri Lefebvre missed the modernist sensibility of Mies van der Rohe: vitalism at the intersection of a materialist conception of space and a metaphysical approach to architecture
Watson, V.A. 2007. How Henri Lefebvre missed the modernist sensibility of Mies van der Rohe: vitalism at the intersection of a materialist conception of space and a metaphysical approach to architecture. Journal of Architecture. 12 (1), pp. 99-112. https://doi.org/10.1080/13602360701218276
The Cotton Caves @ Stevenage New Town
Watson, V.A. 2007. The Cotton Caves @ Stevenage New Town. Architectural Design Research. 2 (1), pp. 110-125.
The big air world: from 'cotton' to 'air'
Watson, V.A. 2006. The big air world: from 'cotton' to 'air'. Architectural Design. 76 (6), p. 61. https://doi.org/10.1002/ad.359
Mies van der Rohe: drawing in space
Watson, V.A. 2005. Mies van der Rohe: drawing in space. in: van Eck, C. and Winters, E. (ed.) Dealing with the visual, art history, aesthetics and visual culture Aldershot, UK Ashgate. pp. 209-241
Mies van der Rohe: a drawing and a letter to a client
Watson, V.A. 2002. Mies van der Rohe: a drawing and a letter to a client. Journal of Architecture. 7 (4), pp. 355-360. https://doi.org/10.1080/1360236032000040875
Permalink - https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/9z5xw/on-the-matter-and-intelligence-of-the-architectural-model-arthur-schopenhauer-s-psychophysiological-theory-of-architecture-and-konrad-wachsmann-s-design-of-a-space-structure