Can board environmental orientation improve U.S. firms' carbon performance? The mediating role of carbon strategy : WestminsterResearch

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Title	Can board environmental orientation improve U.S. firms' carbon performance? The mediating role of carbon strategy
Type	Journal article
Authors	Moussa, T., Allam, A., Elbanna, S. and Bani-Mustafa, A.
Abstract	Overwhelming evidence from prior research suggests a positive association between corporate board characteristics and carbon performance; however, very little is known about the mechanisms linking the two variables. This study attempts to fill this gap by developing and empirically testing a conceptual model that highlights the role of carbon strategy in the relationship between board environmental orientation (BEO) and carbon performance. We argue that BEO can directly and indirectly influence carbon performance through carbon strategy. Using structural equation modelling to analyse data consisting of 2,301 US firm-year observations over the 2005-2015 period, we find that the greater the BEO is, the better its carbon performance (i.e., lower greenhouse gas emissions). The results also provide evidence of the mediating effect of carbon strategy on the relationship between BEO and carbon performance. Splitting the sample into high and low carbon-intensive industries shows a partial mediation effect in high carbon-intensive industries and a full mediation effect in low carbon-intensive industries. The findings of the study and its implications for scholars, policy makers, managers, investors and environmentalists are discussed.
Keywords	Board of directors
	environmental sustainability orientation
	environmental performance
	greenhouse gas emissions
	carbon strategy
	US
Journal	Business Strategy and The Environment
Journal citation	29 (1), pp. 72-86
ISSN	1099-0836
Year	2020
Publisher	Wiley
Accepted author manuscript	BSE Accepted Manuscript.pdf File Access Level Open (open metadata and files)
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)	https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2351
Web address (URL)	http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85067882465&partnerID=MN8TOARS
Published in print	Jan 2020
Published online	20 Jun 2019

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Can board environmental orientation improve U.S. firms' carbon performance? The mediating role of carbon strategy

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