Impact of Covid-19 Policies on Women Self-employment Rates: An Integrated Conceptual Framework : WestminsterResearch

Publication dates
Title	Impact of Covid-19 Policies on Women Self-employment Rates: An Integrated Conceptual Framework
Type	Journal article
Authors	Abubakar, Y. A., Saridakis, G., Litsardopoulos, N., Muñoz Torres, R.I., Sookram, S. and Hosein, R.
Abstract	An integrated framework for studying the effects of COVID-19 policies on women self-employment rates is not available despite the increased economic activity of women in self-employment across several countries. The main objective of this paper is to develop a conceptual framework for the effects of COVID-19 policies on women self-employment rates, and the moderators of the relationship. Based on a critical review of the literature, we develop a conceptual framework, which consists of two types of COVID-19 policies, namely hostile lockdown policies (i.e., those that restrict community movement) and less/non-hostile policies (i.e., those that do not restrict movement). We then theorize the direct effects of these policies on women self-employment rates, and the factors that moderate the relationship. First, compared to men, hostile COVID-19 lockdown policies are more likely to have negative effects on women self-employment rates. Secondly, hostile COVID-19 lockdown policies are more likely to have a negative impact on women in self-employment, relative to women in wage employment. Third, the effects of COVID-19 policies on women self-employment rates are moderated by social factors (i.e., marriage and caring responsibilities) and economic development factors (i.e., level of human development, income support measures, size of the informal economy, and informal cross-border trading). The paper offers several guidelines for the formulation of public policies related to epidemics/pandemics and their effects on women self-employment rates.
Keywords	women self-employment
	COVID-19 policies
	institutional theory
	social factors
	economic factors
Article number	1691
Journal	International Review of Entrepreneurship
Journal citation	21 (1), pp. 1-34
ISSN	2009-2822
Year	2023
Publisher	Senate Hall Academic Publishing Ltd
Web address (URL)	https://www.senatehall.com/entrepreneurship?article=735
Published	2023

Related outputs

From subsistence farming to agribusiness and nonfarm entrepreneurship: Does it improve economic conditions and well-being?
Saridakis, G., Georgellis, Y., Muñoz Torres, R.I., Mohammed, A-M. and Blackburn, R. 2021. From subsistence farming to agribusiness and nonfarm entrepreneurship: Does it improve economic conditions and well-being? Journal of Business Research. 136, pp. 567-579. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.07.037

Do regional self-employment rates converge in the UK? Empirical evidence using club-clustering algorithm
Saridakis, G., Mendoza, M.A., Hand C. and Muñoz Torres, R.I. 2020. Do regional self-employment rates converge in the UK? Empirical evidence using club-clustering algorithm. The Annals of Regional Science. 65, pp. 179-192. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00168-020-00979-3

Exploring the relationship between job satisfaction and organizational commitment: An instrumental variable approach
Saridakis, G., Lai, Y., Muñoz Torres, R.I. and Gourlay, S. 2020. Exploring the relationship between job satisfaction and organizational commitment: An instrumental variable approach. International Journal of Human Resource Management. 31 (13), pp. 1739-1769. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2017.1423100

Monetary Policy Rules with PID Control Features: Evidence from the UK, USA and EU
Shepherd, D., Muñoz Torres, R.I. and Saridakis, G. 2019. Monetary Policy Rules with PID Control Features: Evidence from the UK, USA and EU. International Review of Applied Economics. 33 (6), pp. 737-755 CIRA-2018-0245. https://doi.org/10.1080/02692171.2019.1585766

Do self-employment rates converge? Evidence from European OECD countries
Saridakis, G., Mendoza, M.A., Muñoz Torres, R.I. and Hand, C. 2018. Do self-employment rates converge? Evidence from European OECD countries. Journal of Common Market Studies. 57 (3), pp. 551-562. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcms.12834

Economy and Divorces: Their impact over time on the Self-Employment Rates in Spain
Saridakis, G., Mohammed, A.M., Garcia-Iglesias, J.M. and Muñoz Torres, R.I. 2018. Economy and Divorces: Their impact over time on the Self-Employment Rates in Spain. Journal of Family and Economic Issues. 39 (3), pp. 422-435. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10834-018-9575-6

Actual and Intended Growth in Family Firms and Non-Family Owned Firm: Are They Different?
Saridakis, G., Lai, Y., Muñoz Torres, R.I. and Mohammed, A.M. 2018. Actual and Intended Growth in Family Firms and Non-Family Owned Firm: Are They Different? Journal of Organizational Effectiveness: People and Performance. 5 (1), pp. 2-21 602747. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOEPP-04-2017-0033

Economic Growth and Regional Integration in Mexico
Shepherd, D., Muñoz Torres, R.I. and Mendoza, M.A. 2017. Economic Growth and Regional Integration in Mexico. Economic Issues. 22 (1), pp. 89-110.

The Relationship between Self-employment and Unemployment in the Long-Run: A Panel Cointegration Approach Allowing For Breaks
Saridakis, G., Mendoza, M.A., Muñoz Torres, R.I. and Glover, J. 2016. The Relationship between Self-employment and Unemployment in the Long-Run: A Panel Cointegration Approach Allowing For Breaks . Journal of Economic Studies. 43 (3), pp. 358-379. https://doi.org/10.1108/JES-11-2013-0169

Regional Output Growth and the Impact of Macroeconomic Shocks in Mexico
Shepherd, D., Muñoz Torres, R.I. and Mendoza, M.A. 2014. Regional Output Growth and the Impact of Macroeconomic Shocks in Mexico. International Review of Applied Economics . 28 (3), pp. 293-210. https://doi.org/10.1080/02692171.2013.872083

Inflation targeting and the consistency of monetary policy decisions in Mexico: an empirical analysis with discrete choice models
Muñoz Torres, R.I. and Shepherd, D. 2014. Inflation targeting and the consistency of monetary policy decisions in Mexico: an empirical analysis with discrete choice models. The Manchester School. 82 (S2), pp. 21-46. https://doi.org/10.1111/manc.12039

Do human resource practices enhance organizational commitment in SMEs with low employee satisfaction?
Saridakis, G., Muñoz Torres, R.I. and Johnstone, S. 2013. Do human resource practices enhance organizational commitment in SMEs with low employee satisfaction? British Journal of Management. 24 (3), pp. 445-458. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8551.2012.00814.x

Did the Bank of Mexico follow a systematic behaviour in its transition to an inflation targeting regime?
Garcia-Iglesias, J.M., Muñoz Torres, R.I. and Saridakis, G. 2013. Did the Bank of Mexico follow a systematic behaviour in its transition to an inflation targeting regime? Applied Financial Economics. 23 (14), pp. 1205-1213. https://doi.org/10.1080/09603107.2013.799755

The effect of the exchange rates on investment in Mexican manufacturing industry
Caglayan, M. and Muñoz Torres, R.I. 2011. The effect of the exchange rates on investment in Mexican manufacturing industry. Open Economies Review. 22 (4), pp. 669-683. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11079-010-9166-0

Economic growth and regional integration in Mexico
Shepherd, D., Muñoz Torres, R.I. and Mendoza, M.A. 2011. Economic growth and regional integration in Mexico. in: Muralidhar Rao, N.V. (ed.) Proceedings of the Annual International Conference on Qualitative and Quantitative Economics Research (QQE 2011) Singapore Global Science & Technology Forum. pp. Q31-Q37

Inflation Targeting in Emerging Economies: A Comparative Sacrifice Ratio Analysis
Muñoz Torres, R.I. 2005. Inflation Targeting in Emerging Economies: A Comparative Sacrifice Ratio Analysis. in: Motamen-Samadian, S. (ed.) Dynamic Models and Their Applications in Emerging and Global Markets Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 77-108

Permalink - https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/w7735/impact-of-covid-19-policies-on-women-self-employment-rates-an-integrated-conceptual-framework

File access - Request a copy

Impact of Covid-19 Policies on Women Self-employment Rates: An Integrated Conceptual Framework

Related outputs

Restricted files

Share this

Usage statistics

Export as