The value of neck adipose tissue as a predictor for metabolic risk in health and type 2 diabetes

Cresswell, E., Basty, N., Atabaki-Pasdar, N., Karpe, F. and Pinnick, K.E. 2024. The value of neck adipose tissue as a predictor for metabolic risk in health and type 2 diabetes. Biochemical Pharmacology. 223 116171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116171

TitleThe value of neck adipose tissue as a predictor for metabolic risk in health and type 2 diabetes
TypeJournal article
AuthorsCresswell, E., Basty, N., Atabaki-Pasdar, N., Karpe, F. and Pinnick, K.E.
Abstract

Upper-body adiposity is adversely associated with metabolic health whereas the opposite is observed for the lower-body. The neck is a unique upper-body fat depot in adult humans, housing thermogenic brown adipose tissue (BAT), which is increasingly recognised to influence whole-body metabolic health. Loss of BAT, concurrent with replacement by white adipose tissue (WAT), may contribute to metabolic disease, and specific accumulation of neck fat is seen in certain conditions accompanied by adverse metabolic consequences. Yet, few studies have investigated the relationships between neck fat mass (NFM) and cardiometabolic risk, and the influence of sex and metabolic status. Typically, neck circumference (NC) is used as a proxy for neck fat, without considering other determinants of NC, including variability in neck lean mass. In this study we develop and validate novel methods to quantify NFM using dual x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) imaging, and subsequently investigate the associations of NFM with metabolic biomarkers across approximately 7000 subjects from the Oxford BioBank. NFM correlated with systemic insulin resistance (Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance; HOMA-IR), low-grade inflammation (plasma high-sensitivity C-Reactive Protein; hsCRP), and metabolic markers of adipose tissue function (plasma triglycerides and non-esterified fatty acids; NEFA). NFM was higher in men than women, higher in type 2 diabetes mellitus compared with non-diabetes, after adjustment for total body fat, and also associated with overall cardiovascular disease risk (calculated QRISK3 score). This study describes the development of methods for accurate determination of NFM at scale and suggests a specific relationship between NFM and adverse metabolic health.

KeywordsAdipose tissue
Cardiometabolic health
Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Fat distribution
Imaging
Article number116171
JournalBiochemical Pharmacology
Journal citation223
ISSN0006-2952
1873-2968
Year2024
PublisherElsevier
Accepted author manuscript
License
CC BY 4.0
File Access Level
Open (open metadata and files)
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116171
PubMed ID38552854
Web address (URL)https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006295224001540
Publication dates
Published online27 Mar 2024
Published in printMay 2024

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