NFκB as a potent regulator of inflammation in human adipose tissue, influenced by depot, adiposity, T2DM status, and TNFα

Harte, A.L., Tripathi, G., Piya, M.K., Barber, T.M., Clapham, J.C., Al-Daghri, N., Al-Disi, D., Kumsaiyai, W., Saravanan, P., Fowler, A.E., O'Hare, J.P., Kumar, S. and McTernan, P.G. 2013. NFκB as a potent regulator of inflammation in human adipose tissue, influenced by depot, adiposity, T2DM status, and TNFα. Obesity. 21 (11), pp. 2322-2330. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.20336

TitleNFκB as a potent regulator of inflammation in human adipose tissue, influenced by depot, adiposity, T2DM status, and TNFα
AuthorsHarte, A.L., Tripathi, G., Piya, M.K., Barber, T.M., Clapham, J.C., Al-Daghri, N., Al-Disi, D., Kumsaiyai, W., Saravanan, P., Fowler, A.E., O'Hare, J.P., Kumar, S. and McTernan, P.G.
Abstract

Objective

Central obesity and sub-clinical inflammation increase metabolic risk, this study examined the intracellular inflammatory pathways in adipose tissue (AT) that contribute to this risk.
Design and Methods

This study therefore addressed the influence of NFκB and JNK activation in human abdominal subcutaneous (AbdSc) and omental (Om) AT, the effect of adiposity, T2DM status and the role of TNFα in vitro, using molecular biology techniques.
Results

Our data showed NFκB activity is increased in Om AT versus AbdSc AT (P<0.01), which was reversed with respect to depot specific activation of JNK (P<0.01). However, T2DM status appeared to preferentially activate NFκB (P<0.001) over JNK. Furthermore, in vitro studies showed recombinant human (rh) TNFα treated AbdSc adipocytes increased NFκB activity over time (2-48 h, P<0.05) whilst JNK activity reduced (2 h, 4 h, P<0.05); inhibitor studies supported a preferential role for NFκB as a modulator of TNFα secretion.
Conclusions

These studies suggest distinct changes in NFκB and JNK activation, dependent upon AT depot, adiposity and T2DM status, with in vitro use of rh TNFα leading to activation of NFκB. Consequently NFκB appears to play a central role in inflammatory mediated metabolic disease over JNK, highlighting NFκB as a potential key target for therapeutic intervention.

JournalObesity
Journal citation21 (11), pp. 2322-2330
ISSN1930-7381
Year2013
PublisherWiley
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.20336
Publication dates
Published25 May 2013

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Aftab, S.A.S., Reddy, N., Owen, N.L., Pollitt, R., Harte, A., McTernan, P.G., Tripathi, G. and Barber, T.M. 2013. dentification of a novel heterozygous mutation in exon 50 of the COL1A1 gene causing osteogenesis imperfecta. Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism Case Reports. 7 (2013), p. EDM130002 EDM130002. https://doi.org/10.1530/EDM-13-0002

Raised circulating fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) coupled with reduced adipose tissue BetaKlotho and FGF21 receptor 1 (FGFR1) expression in Type 2 diabetes may in part explain FGF21 resistance
Piya, M.K., Harte, A.L., Kyrou, I., Chitari, M.V., Tripathi, G., Kumar, S. and McTernan, P.G. 2013. Raised circulating fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) coupled with reduced adipose tissue BetaKlotho and FGF21 receptor 1 (FGFR1) expression in Type 2 diabetes may in part explain FGF21 resistance. Diabetic Medicine. 30, pp. 3-.

Post-prandial high fat intake leads to acute exposure to circulating endotoxin in type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects
Harte, A., Varma, M., Tripathi, G., McGee, K., Al-Daghri, N., Al-Attas, O., Sabico, S., O'Hare, J., Ceriello, A., Saravanan, P., Kumar, S. and McTernan, P. 2012. Post-prandial high fat intake leads to acute exposure to circulating endotoxin in type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects. Society for Endocrinology BES 2012. Harrogate, UK 18 - 22 Mar 2012 BioScientifica Ltd..

The effects of bariatric surgery on the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway in human adipose tissue
Voyias, P., McCarthy, C., Antonysunil, A., Kumasaiyai, W., Al Naji, F., McGee, K., Harte, A., Saravanan, P., Kyrou, I., McTernan, P. and Tripathi, G. 2012. The effects of bariatric surgery on the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway in human adipose tissue. Society for Endocrinology BES 2012. Harrogate, UK 18 - 22 Mar 2012 BioScientifica Ltd..

The adipocyte as an active source of PLA2 isoforms influenced by adiposity, depot specificity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Kumsaiyai, W., Harte, A., Saravanan, P., Kyrou, I., Aldaghri, N., Al-Attas, O., Kumar, S., Tripathi, G. and McTernan, P. 2012. The adipocyte as an active source of PLA2 isoforms influenced by adiposity, depot specificity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Society for Endocrinology BES 2012. Harrogate, UK 18 - 22 Mar 2012 BioScientifica Ltd..

Expression of genes regulating mitochondrial fusion and fission in human adipose tissue are influenced by adiposity and bariatric surgery
McCarthy, C., Voyias, P., Antonysunil, A., McGee, K., Harte, A., Saravanan, P., Kyrou, I., Kumar, S., McTernan, P. and Tripathi, G. 2012. Expression of genes regulating mitochondrial fusion and fission in human adipose tissue are influenced by adiposity and bariatric surgery. Society for Endocrinology BES 2012. Harrogate, UK 18 - 22 Mar 2012 BioScientifica Ltd..

Chronic or intermittent exposure to Oleic acid (MUFA) induces a greater NFκB activated inflammatory response than Eicosapentaenoic acid (PUFA) in differentiated human adipocytes
Piya, M., Harte, A., McGee, K., Reddy, N., Tripathi, G., McTernan, P. and Kumar, S. 2012. Chronic or intermittent exposure to Oleic acid (MUFA) induces a greater NFκB activated inflammatory response than Eicosapentaenoic acid (PUFA) in differentiated human adipocytes. Society for Endocrinology BES 2012. Harrogate, UK 18 - 22 Mar 2012 BioScientifica Ltd..

Evidence for a shift to anaerobic metabolism in adipose tissue in efavirenz-containing regimens for HIV with different nucleoside backbones
McGee, K.C., Shahmanesh, M., Boothby, M., Nightingale, P., Gathercole, L.L., Tripathi, G., Harte, A.L., Shojaee-Moradie, F., Umpleby, A.M., Das, S., Al-Daghr, N.M., McTernan, P.G. and Tomlinson, J.W. 2012. Evidence for a shift to anaerobic metabolism in adipose tissue in efavirenz-containing regimens for HIV with different nucleoside backbones. Antiviral Therapy. 17 (3), pp. 495-507. https://doi.org/10.3851/IMP2017

Telomere Length Attrition, a Marker of Biological Senescence, Is Inversely Correlated with Triglycerides and Cholesterol in South Asian Males with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Harte, A.L., da Silva, N.F., Miller, M.A., Cappuccio, F.P., Kelly, A., O'Hare, J.P., Barnett, A.H., Al-Daghri, N.M., Al-Attas, O., Alokail, M., Sabico, S., Tripathi, G., Bellary, S., Kumar, S. and McTernan, P.G. 2012. Telomere Length Attrition, a Marker of Biological Senescence, Is Inversely Correlated with Triglycerides and Cholesterol in South Asian Males with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Experimental Diabetes Research. 2012 895185. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/895185

High Fat Intake Leads to Acute Postprandial Exposure to Circulating Endotoxin in Type 2 Diabetic Subjects
Harte, A.L., Varma, M.C., Tripathi, G., McGee, K.M., Al-Daghri, N.M., Al-Attas, O.S., Sabico, S., O'Hare, J.P., Ceriello, A., Saravanan, P., Kumar, S. and McTernan, P.G. 2012. High Fat Intake Leads to Acute Postprandial Exposure to Circulating Endotoxin in Type 2 Diabetic Subjects. Diabetes Care. 35 (2), pp. 375-382. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc11-1593

GLP-1 analogue, Liraglutide protects human umbilical vein endothelial cells against high glucose induced endoplasmic reticulum stress
Schisano, D., Harte, A.L., Lois, K., Saravanan, P., Al-Daghri, N., Al-Attas, O., Knudsen, L.B., McTernan, P.G., Ceriello, A. and Tripathi, G. 2012. GLP-1 analogue, Liraglutide protects human umbilical vein endothelial cells against high glucose induced endoplasmic reticulum stress. Regulatory Peptides. 174 (1-3), pp. 46-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.regpep.2011.11.008

Does endotoxaemia contribute to osteoarthritis in obese patients?
Metcalfe, D., Harte, A.L., Aletrari, M.O., Al Daghri, N.M., Al Disi, D., Tripathi, G. and McTernan, P.G. 2012. Does endotoxaemia contribute to osteoarthritis in obese patients? Clinical Science. 123 (11), pp. 627-634. https://doi.org/10.1042/CS20120073

Low B12 and High Folate: Novel Mechanism of Higher Insulin Resistance in Human Adipocytes
Adaikalakoteswari, A., Tripathi, G. and Saravanan, P. 2011. Low B12 and High Folate: Novel Mechanism of Higher Insulin Resistance in Human Adipocytes. 7th World Congress on Developmental Origins of Health and Disease. Portland, Oregon, USA 18 - 21 Sep 2011 Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/S2040174411000481

Low B12 and high folate: a novel regulator of cholesterol biosynthesis in human adipocytes
Adaikalakoteswari, A., Moore, J., McTernan, P.G., Kumar, S., Saravanan, P. and Tripathi, G. 2011. Low B12 and high folate: a novel regulator of cholesterol biosynthesis in human adipocytes. 47th Annual Meeting of the EASD. Lisbon 12 - 16 Sep 2011 Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-011-2276-4

Mitochondrial bioenergetics changes are induced by metabolic endotoxinaemia contributing to mitochondrial stress and dysfunction in human adipocytes
McGee, K.C., Harte, A.L., Oscarsson, J., Brown, A., Fernandes Da Silva, N., McCarthy, C., Clapham, J., Kumar, S., Tripathi, G. and McTernan, P.G. 2011. Mitochondrial bioenergetics changes are induced by metabolic endotoxinaemia contributing to mitochondrial stress and dysfunction in human adipocytes. 47th Annual Meeting of the EASD. Lisbon 12 - 16 Sep 2011 Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-011-2276-4

Adiposity and diabetic status influences PLA2 isoforms in human abdominal subcutaneous and omental adipose tissue
Kumsaiyai, W., Harte, A.L., Saravanan, P., Kyrou, I., Aldaghri, N., Kumar, S., Tripathi, G. and McTernan, P.G. 2011. Adiposity and diabetic status influences PLA2 isoforms in human abdominal subcutaneous and omental adipose tissue. 47th Annual Meeting of the EASD. Lisbon 12 - 16 Sep 2011 Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-011-2276-4

Folate and vitamin B12 imbalance induces endoplasmic reticulum stress in human adipocytes
McCarthy, C., Adaikalakoteswari, A., Moore, J., Brown, A.L., Brown, A., McTernan, P.G., Saravanan, P. and Tripathi, G. 2011. Folate and vitamin B12 imbalance induces endoplasmic reticulum stress in human adipocytes. 47th Annual Meeting of the EASD. Lisbon 12 - 16 Sep 2011 Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-011-2276-4

Acute and chronic saturated fatty acid treatment as a key instigator of the TLR-mediated inflammatory response in human adipose tissue, in vitro
Youssef-Elabd, E.M., McGee, K.C., Tripathi, G., Abdalla, M.S., Sharada, H.M., Ashraf, E.A., Amin, I., Ceriello, A., O'Hare, J.P., Kumar, S., McTernan, P.G. and Harte, A.L. 2011. Acute and chronic saturated fatty acid treatment as a key instigator of the TLR-mediated inflammatory response in human adipose tissue, in vitro. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry. 23 (1), pp. 39-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2010.11.003

Glucose oscillations, more than constant high glucose, induce p53 activation and a metabolic memory in human endothelial cells
Schisano, B., Tripathi, G., McGee, K., McTernan, P.G. and Ceriello, A. 2011. Glucose oscillations, more than constant high glucose, induce p53 activation and a metabolic memory in human endothelial cells. Diabetologia. 54 (5), pp. 1219-1226. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-011-2049-0

Visfatin Is Regulated by Rosiglitazone in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Influenced by NFκB and JNK in Human Abdominal Subcutaneous Adipocytes
McGee, K.C., Harte, A.L., da Silva, N.F., Al-Daghri, N., Creely, S.J., Kusminski, C.M., Tripathi, G., Levick, P.L., Khanolkar, M., Evans, M., Chittari, M.V., Patel, V., Kumar, S. and McTernan, P.G. 2011. Visfatin Is Regulated by Rosiglitazone in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Influenced by NFκB and JNK in Human Abdominal Subcutaneous Adipocytes. PLoS ONE. 6 (6) e20287. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0020287

Salicylate induces insulin sensitivity by alleviating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in cultured primary human adipocytes
Tripathi, G., Alhusaini, S., McGee, K.C., Lois, K., Harte, A.L., McTernan, P.G. and Kumar, S. 2010. Salicylate induces insulin sensitivity by alleviating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in cultured primary human adipocytes. Society for Endocrinology BES 2010. Manchester, UK 15 - 18 Mar 2010 BioScientifica Ltd..

The impact of saturated fatty acids and glucose on Toll-like receptor activated inflammatory pathways in human adipose tissue, in vitro
Harte, A., Youssef-Elabd, E., McGee, K.C., Tripathi, G., Ashour, E., Aballah, M., Sharada, H., Amin, A., Ceriello, A., O'Hare, P., Kumar, S. and McTernan, P.G. 2010. The impact of saturated fatty acids and glucose on Toll-like receptor activated inflammatory pathways in human adipose tissue, in vitro . Society for Endocrinology BES 2010. Manchester, UK 15 - 18 Mar 2010 BioScientifica Ltd..

Effect of Lipopolysaccharide and Salicylate on Mitochondrial Gene Expression in Primary Human Adipocytes
McGee, K.C., Tripathi, G., Harte, A.L., Langowska, M., Da Silva, N.F., Oscarsson, J., Clapham, J., Kumar, S. and McTernan, P.G. 2010. Effect of Lipopolysaccharide and Salicylate on Mitochondrial Gene Expression in Primary Human Adipocytes. American Diabetes Association (ADA) 70th Scientific Sessions. Orlando, Florida 25 - 29 Jun 2010 American Diabetes Association.

Human GLP-1 Analogue Liraglutide Alleviates Oxidative Stress Induced by Oscillating High Glucose in Human Umbilical Vascular Endothelial Cells
Schisano, B., Radford, C., Harte, A.L., Tripathi, G., McTernan, P.G., Knudsen, L.B. and Ceriello, A. 2010. Human GLP-1 Analogue Liraglutide Alleviates Oxidative Stress Induced by Oscillating High Glucose in Human Umbilical Vascular Endothelial Cells. American Diabetes Association (ADA) 70th Scientific Sessions. Orlando, Florida 25 - 29 Jun 2010 American Diabetes Association.

The Effects of Nutrients on Toll Like Receptor Activated Inflammatory Pathways in Human Adipose Tissue, In Vitro
Harte, A.L., Youssef-Elabd, E.M.M., McGee, K.C., Tripathi, G., Abdalla, M.S., Sharada, H.M., Ashour, E., Amin, A.I., Ceriello, A., O'Hare, J,P,, Kumar, S. and McTernan, P.G. 2010. The Effects of Nutrients on Toll Like Receptor Activated Inflammatory Pathways in Human Adipose Tissue, In Vitro. American Diabetes Association (ADA) 70th Scientific Sessions. Orlando, Florida 25 - 29 Jun 2010 American Diabetes Association.

Effect of Salicylate, Lipopolysaccharide and High Glucose on Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Stress in Cultured Primary Human Adipocytes
Alhusaini, S., McGee, K., Lois, K., Harte, A., McTernan, P., Kumar, S. and Tripathi, G. 2010. Effect of Salicylate, Lipopolysaccharide and High Glucose on Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Stress in Cultured Primary Human Adipocytes. American Diabetes Association (ADA) 70th Scientific Sessions. Orlando, Florida 25 - 29 Jun 2010 American Diabetes Association.

Elevated endotoxin levels in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Harte, A.L., da Silva, N.F., Creely, S.J., McGee, K.C., Billyard, T., Youssef-Elabd, E.M., Tripathi, G., Ashour, E., Abdalla, M.S., Sharada, H.M., Amin, A.I., Burt, A.D., Kumar, S., Day, C.P. and McTernan, P.G. 2010. Elevated endotoxin levels in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Journal of Inflammation. 7 (1), p. 15 15. https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-9255-7-15

Adiposity and insulin resistance correlate with telomere length in middle-aged Arabs: the influence of circulating adiponectin
Al-Attas, O., Al-Daghri, N., Alfadda, A., Pritlove, D., Harte, A., Tripathi, G., McTernan, P. and Kumar, S. 2010. Adiposity and insulin resistance correlate with telomere length in middle-aged Arabs: the influence of circulating adiponectin . European Journal of Endocrinology. 163 (4), pp. 601-607. https://doi.org/10.1530/EJE-10-0241

Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Binding Protein-5 Induces a Gender-Related Decrease in Bone Mineral Density in Transgenic Mice
Salih, D.A., Kasukawa, Y., Tripathi, G., Lovett, F.A., Anderson, N.F., Carter, E.J., Wergedal, J.E., Mohan, S. and Pell, J.M. 2010. Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Binding Protein-5 Induces a Gender-Related Decrease in Bone Mineral Density in Transgenic Mice. Endocrinology. 163 (4), pp. 601-607. https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2004-0816

Identification of Nesfatin-1 in Human and Murine Adipose Tissue: A Novel Depot-Specific Adipokine with Increased Levels in Obesity
Ramanjaneya, M., Chen, J., Brown, J., Tripathi, G., Hallschmid, M., Patel, S., Kern, W., Hillhouse, E.W., Lehnert, H., Tan, B.K. and Randeva, H.S. 2010. Identification of Nesfatin-1 in Human and Murine Adipose Tissue: A Novel Depot-Specific Adipokine with Increased Levels in Obesity. Endocrinology. 151 (7), pp. 3169-3180. https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2009-1358

Lipopolysaccharide, high glucose and saturated fatty acids induce endoplasmic reticulum stress in cultured primary human adipocytes: Salicylate alleviates this stress
Alhusaini, S., McGee, K., Schisano, B., Harte, A., McTernan, P., Kumar, S. and Tripathi, G. 2010. Lipopolysaccharide, high glucose and saturated fatty acids induce endoplasmic reticulum stress in cultured primary human adipocytes: Salicylate alleviates this stress. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 397 (3), pp. 472-478. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.05.138

Endoplasmic stress is induced by lipopolysaccharides and high glucose and is alleviated by salicylates in cultured primary human adipocytes
Alhusaini, S., Lois, K., McGee, K.C., McTernan, P.G., Kumar, S. and Tripathi, G. 2009. Endoplasmic stress is induced by lipopolysaccharides and high glucose and is alleviated by salicylates in cultured primary human adipocytes. 45th EASD Annual Meeting of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. Vienna, Austria 30 Sep - 02 Oct 2009 Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-009-1445-1

A novel role for p53 in the regulation of oxidative stress in vascular cells in response to glucose fluctuation
Schisano, B., Radford, C.R., Harte, A.L., Tripathi, G., McTernan, P.G. and Ceriello, A. 2009. A novel role for p53 in the regulation of oxidative stress in vascular cells in response to glucose fluctuation. 45th EASD Annual Meeting of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. Vienna, Austria 30 Sep - 02 Oct 2009 Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-009-1445-1

Acute and chronic saturated fatty acid treatment as a key instigator of the TLR mediated inflammatory response in human adipose tissue in vitro
Harte, A.L., Youssef-Elabd, E.M., McGee, K.C., Tripathi, G., Abdalla, M.S., Sharada, H.M., Ashour, E., Amin, A.I., O’Hare, J.P., Kumar, S. and McTernan, P.G. 2009. Acute and chronic saturated fatty acid treatment as a key instigator of the TLR mediated inflammatory response in human adipose tissue in vitro. 45th General Assembly of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. Messe Wien, Vienna, Austria 03 Sep - 02 Oct 2009 Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-010-1872-z

Metabolic endotoxaemia as a mediator of mitochondrial dysfunction in human adipose tissue, alleviated by salicylate
McGee, K.C., Tripathi, G., Creely,S.J., Harte, A.L., Langowska, M., Da Silva, N.F., Brown, A., Oscarsson, J., Clapham, J.C., Kumar, S. and McTernan, P.G. 2009. Metabolic endotoxaemia as a mediator of mitochondrial dysfunction in human adipose tissue, alleviated by salicylate. 45th General Assembly of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. Messe Wien, Vienna, Austria 30 Sep - 02 Oct 2009 Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-010-1872-z

Endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by hyperglycaemia and saturated fatty acids is alleviated by salicylates in cultured primary human adipocytes
Langowska, M., Alhusaini, S., McGee, K.C., Harte, A.L., McTernan, P.G., Kumar, S. and Tripathi, G. 2009. Endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by hyperglycaemia and saturated fatty acids is alleviated by salicylates in cultured primary human adipocytes. 45th General Assembly of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. Messe Wien, Vienna, Austria 30 Sep - 02 Oct 2009 Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-010-1872-z

Liraglutide down regulates endoplasmic reticulum stress in human endothelial cells exposed to hyperglycaemia
Schisano, B., Tripathi, G., Harte, A.L., McTernan, P.G., Knusden, L. and Ceriello, A. 2009. Liraglutide down regulates endoplasmic reticulum stress in human endothelial cells exposed to hyperglycaemia. 45th General Assembly of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. Messe Wien, Vienna, Austria 30 Sep - 02 Oct 2009 Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-010-1872-z

IGF-independent effects of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 (Igfbp5) in vivo
Tripathi, G., Salih, D.A.M., Drozd, A.C., Cosgrove, R.A., Cobb, L.C. and Pell, J.M. 2009. IGF-independent effects of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 (Igfbp5) in vivo. FASEB Journal. 23 (8), pp. 2616-2626. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.08-114124

Obesity is associated with activation of innate immune pathway and ER stress in human abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue
Tripathi, G., Kusminski, C.M., Harte, A.L., McGee, K.C., O'Hare, J.P., McTernan, P.G. and Kumar, S. 2008. Obesity is associated with activation of innate immune pathway and ER stress in human abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue. 44th EASD Annual Meeting of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. Rome, Italy 08 - 11 Sep 2008 Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-008-1117-6

Endoplasmic reticulum stress and the innate immune signalling pathway in human abdominal adipose tissue: the effects of obesity
Kusminski, C., Schisano, B., Harte, A.L., Tripathi, G., Ceriello, A. and O'Hare, J.P. 2008. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and the innate immune signalling pathway in human abdominal adipose tissue: the effects of obesity. Society for Endocrinology BES 2008. Harrogate, UK 07 - 10 Apr 2008 BioScientifica Ltd..

Endoplasmic reticulum stress and the innate immune signalling pathway in human abdominal adipose tissue: the effects of obesity
Tripathi, G. 2008. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and the innate immune signalling pathway in human abdominal adipose tissue: the effects of obesity. Society for Endocrinology BES 2008. Harrogate, UK 07 - 10 Apr 2008 BioScientifica Ltd..

The effect of HIV status and the impact of ARV therapy on mitochondrial metabolism in human adipose tissue
Hill, M.J., McGee, K.C., Boothby, M., Higgins, P., Kusminski, C.M., Harte, A.L., Tripathi, G., Gathercole, L., Kumar, S., Shahmanesh, M. and McTernan, P.G. 2007. The effect of HIV status and the impact of ARV therapy on mitochondrial metabolism in human adipose tissue. 43rd EASD Annual Meeting of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. Amsterdam, The Netherlands 18 - 21 Sep 2007 Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-007-0809-7

Mitochondrial genes related to energy homoeostasis are dysregulated in obesity and type 2 diabetes in human adipose tissue
McGee, K.C., Hardo, F.J., Baker, A.R., Tripathi, G., Creely, S.J., da Silva, N.F., Kumar, S., Clapham, J.C. and McTernan, P.G. 2007. Mitochondrial genes related to energy homoeostasis are dysregulated in obesity and type 2 diabetes in human adipose tissue. Society for Endocrinology BES 2007. Birmingham, UK 05 - 08 Mar 2007 BioScientifica Ltd..

Escherichia coli having accession No. PTA 1579 and its use to produce polyhydroxybutyrate
Mahishi, L.H., Tripathi, G., Ramachander, T.V.N. and Rawal, S.K. 2006. Escherichia coli having accession No. PTA 1579 and its use to produce polyhydroxybutyrate. US Patent 7,135,316

Expression of mitochondrial genes related to energy homoeostasis are dysregulated in obesity and type 2 diabetes
McTernan, P.G., Hardo, F.J., Baker, A.R., McGee, K.C., Tripathi, G., Creely, S.J., da Silva, N.K., Kumar, S. and Clapham, J.C. 2006. Expression of mitochondrial genes related to energy homoeostasis are dysregulated in obesity and type 2 diabetes. 42nd EASD Annual Meeting of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. Copenhagen, Denmark 14 - 17 Sep 2006 Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-006-0358-5

Convergence of Igf2 expression and adhesion signalling via RhoA and p38 MAPK enhances myogenic differentiation
Lovett, F.A., Gonzalez, I., Salih, D.A.M., Cobb, L.J., Tripathi, G., Cosgrove, R.A., Murrell, A., Kilshaw, P.J. and Pell, J.M. 2006. Convergence of Igf2 expression and adhesion signalling via RhoA and p38 MAPK enhances myogenic differentiation. Journal of Cell Science. 119, pp. 4828-4840. https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.03278

The Role of Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins in Development
Pell, J.M., Salih, D.A.M., Cobb, L.J., Tripathi, G. and Drozd, A. 2005. The Role of Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins in Development. Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders. 6 (3), pp. 189-198. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11154-005-3050-z

Global Role of the Protein Kinase Gcn2 in the Human Pathogen Candida albicans
Tournu, H., Tripathi, G., Bertram, G., Macaskill, S., Mavor, A., Walker, L., Odds, F.C., Gow, N.A.R. and Brown, A.J.P. 2005. Global Role of the Protein Kinase Gcn2 in the Human Pathogen Candida albicans. Eukaryotic Cell. 4 (10), pp. 1687-1696. https://doi.org/10.1128/EC.4.10.1687-1696.2005

IGF-independent acceleration of myogenesis by IGFBP-5: modulation of cell survival and differentiation signalling pathways
Cobb, L.J., Gonzalez, I., Tripathi, G., Lovett, F.A., Salih, D.A.M., Godwin, K.S. and Pell, J.M. 2004. IGF-independent acceleration of myogenesis by IGFBP-5: modulation of cell survival and differentiation signalling pathways. Endocrine Society, Diabetes UK and Growth Factor Joint Conference. London, UK 01 - 03 Nov 2004

IGF-independent effects of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 (Igfbp5) in vivo
Tripathi, G., Salih, D.A.M., Drozd, A.C., Cosgrove, R.A., Cobb, L.C. and Pell, J.M. 2004. IGF-independent effects of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 (Igfbp5) in vivo. ENDO 2004: The Endocrine Society 86th Annual Meeting. New Orleans, USA 15 - 19 Jun 2004

Novel E. coli having accession no. PTA 1579 and its use to produce PHB
Mahishi, L.H., Tripathi, G., Ramachander, T.V.N. and Rawal, S.K. 2004. Novel E. coli having accession no. PTA 1579 and its use to produce PHB. US Patent No. 6,756,222

Process for the production of polyhydroxyoctanoate by Streptomyces lividans
Tripathi, G., Mahishi, L.H., Ramachander, T.V.N. and Rawal, S.K. 2004. Process for the production of polyhydroxyoctanoate by Streptomyces lividans. US Patent No. 6,692,945

Partitioning of IGFBP-5 actions in myogenesis: IGF-independent anti-apoptotic function
Cobb, L.J., Salih, D.A., González, I., Tripathi, G., Carter, E.J., Lovett, F., Holding, C. and Pell, J.M. 2004. Partitioning of IGFBP-5 actions in myogenesis: IGF-independent anti-apoptotic function. Journal of Cell Science. 117, pp. 1737-1746. https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.01028

Akt2, a Novel Functional Link between p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase and Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Pathways in Myogenesis
González, I., Tripathi, G., Carter, E.J., Holding, C., Lovett, F., Salih, D.A., Cobb, L.J. and Pell, J.M. 2004. Akt2, a Novel Functional Link between p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase and Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Pathways in Myogenesis . Molecular and Cellular Biology. 24 (9), pp. 3607-3622. https://doi.org/10.1128/MCB.24.9.3607-3622.2004

Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5 (Igfbp5) compromises survival, growth, muscle development, and fertility in mice
Salih, D.A., Tripathi, G., Holding, C., González, M.I., Szestak, Tadge A.M., Carter, E.J., Cobb, L.J., Eisemann, Joan E. and Pell, J.M. 2004. Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5 (Igfbp5) compromises survival, growth, muscle development, and fertility in mice. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 101 (12), pp. 4314-4319. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0400230101

Crosstalk between IGF signalling and cadherin-mediated cell adhesion promotes myogenic differentiation
Lovett, F., Gonzalez, M., Carter, E., Cobb, L., Salih, D., Tripathi, G., Holding, C. and Pell, J. 2003. Crosstalk between IGF signalling and cadherin-mediated cell adhesion promotes myogenic differentiation. 194th Meeting of the Society for Endocrinology and Society for Endocrinology joint with Diabetes UK Endocrinology and Diabetes Day. London, UK 03 - 05 Nov 2003 BioScientifica Ltd..

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) synthesis by recombinant Escherichia coli harbouring Streptomyces aureofaciens PHB biosynthesis genes: Effect of various carbon and nitrogen sources
Mahishi, L.H., Tripathi, G. and Rawal, S.K. 2003. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) synthesis by recombinant Escherichia coli harbouring Streptomyces aureofaciens PHB biosynthesis genes: Effect of various carbon and nitrogen sources. Microbiological Research. 158, pp. 19-27. https://doi.org/10.1078/0944-5013-00161

Proteomic analysis of the Gcn4-mediated response in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans
Yin, Z., Stead, D., Selwy, L ., Walker, J., Tripathi, G., McInerney, T., Cash, P. and Brown, A.J.P. 2003. Proteomic analysis of the Gcn4-mediated response in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans. Yeast. 20 (Suppl.1), p. S335.

Construction of a Streptomyces sp.–Escherichia coli conjugative shuttle vector and its application for recombinant biosynthesis of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoic acid)
Tripathi, G., Mahishi, L.H., Ramachander, T.V.N., Phadnis, S.H., Nambiyar, O.G.B. and Rawal, S.K. 2002. Construction of a Streptomyces sp.–Escherichia coli conjugative shuttle vector and its application for recombinant biosynthesis of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoic acid). Biotechnology Letters. 24 (3), pp. 213-218. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1014117629700

Gcn4 co‐ordinates morphogenetic and metabolic responses to amino acid starvation in Candida albicans
Tripathi, G., Wiltshire, C., Macaskill, S., Tournu, H., Budge, S. and Brown, A.J.P. 2002. Gcn4 co‐ordinates morphogenetic and metabolic responses to amino acid starvation in Candida albicans. EMBO Journal. 21 (20), pp. 5448-5456. https://doi.org/10.1093/emboj/cdf507

Cloning and characterisation of CaGcn4
Tripathi, G., Wiltshire, C., Macaskill, S., Tournu, H., Budge, S. and Brown, A.J.P. 2000. Cloning and characterisation of CaGcn4. American Society for Microbiology. Seattle, USA 2000

Simple and efficient protocol for isolation of high molecular weight DNA from Streptomyces aureofaciens
Tripathi, G. and Rawal, S.K. 1998. Simple and efficient protocol for isolation of high molecular weight DNA from Streptomyces aureofaciens. Biotechnology Techniques. 12 (8), pp. 629-631. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008836214495

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