Unbiased genomewide screening of circulating plasma DNA for cancer detection

L. Lenaerts, N. Brison, M. Neofytou, H. Che, L. Dehaspe, M. Verheecke, C. Maggen, B. Dewaele, S. Vanderschueren, V. Vandecaveye, P. Vandenberghe, J. Vermeesch and F. Amant 2018. Unbiased genomewide screening of circulating plasma DNA for cancer detection. Annals of Oncology. 29 (Supplement 8), p. viii479. https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdy294

TitleUnbiased genomewide screening of circulating plasma DNA for cancer detection
TypeJournal article
AuthorsL. Lenaerts, N. Brison, M. Neofytou, H. Che, L. Dehaspe, M. Verheecke, C. Maggen, B. Dewaele, S. Vanderschueren, V. Vandecaveye, P. Vandenberghe, J. Vermeesch and F. Amant
Abstract

Background: Early cancer diagnosis might significantly improve survival rates. As circulating tumor (ctDNA) carries cancer-specific modifications, it has great potential as a non-invasive biomarker for detection of incipient tumors.
Methods: Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) samples of 1006 elderly people (389 men and 617 women), not having any history of malignancy, were collected between October 2015 and September 2017 and analyzed via our cfDNA analysis pipeline, coined GIPseq (Genomic Imbalance Profiling from cfDNA SEQuencing). GIPseq profiles were screened for the presence of (sub)chromosomal copy number variations (CNVs) that might be predictive for a malignancy. When imbalances were detected, a 6-month clinical follow-up was performed.
Results: In 3% of participants (20 men and 10 women) an aberrant GIPseq profile was detected. Detected gains and losses in cfDNA were reproducible upon analysis of a second plasma sample taken within a mean time span of 139 days. Subsequent whole body MRI screening led to the identification of 3 hematological malignancies (1 Hodgkin stage II; 1 non-Hodgkin stage IV; 1 myelodysplastic syndrome with excess blasts stage II) and 2 cases with monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis, a potential precursor of B-cell malignancy. The CNVs detected in plasma cfDNA were confirmed to be tumor-specific upon shallow sequencing of biopsy DNA. In 24 individuals, chromosomal anomalies in cfDNA could not be linked to a malignancy. Eleven of these cases had a CNV on chromosome 5 (5q-, n=2 cases), 15 (15+, n=5) or 20 (20q-, n=4) in cfDNA, which was found to originate from peripheral blood cells in 7 of them. Previous studies found that mosaicisms for large chromosomal anomalies are detectable in cellular DNA of peripheral blood and buccal cells in about 2% of elderly people, predicting a 5 to 10-fold enhanced risk of a subsequent cancer. For 16 of our study participants, the cellular origin of the chromosomal anomalies detected in cfDNA remains unknown.
Conclusions: Our results deliver unique data on the presence of a wide range of (cancer-related) chromosomal aberrations detectable in cfDNA of elderly people. A long-term follow-up of these people is planned to further explore the biological and clinical significance of the detected anomalies.

JournalAnnals of Oncology
Journal citation29 (Supplement 8), p. viii479
ISSN0923-7534
Year2018
PublisherElsevier
Publisher's version
File Access Level
Open (open metadata and files)
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdy294
Web address (URL)http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdy294
Publication dates
PublishedOct 2018

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