When Music Speaks: Mental Health and Next Steps in the Danish Music Industry. Part 1 – Danish Music Creators’ Subjective Wellbeing and Mental Health

Musgrave, G., Gross, S. and Carney, D. 2023. When Music Speaks: Mental Health and Next Steps in the Danish Music Industry. Part 1 – Danish Music Creators’ Subjective Wellbeing and Mental Health. Copenhagen, Denmark Danish Partnership for Sustainable Development in Music. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10169748

TitleWhen Music Speaks: Mental Health and Next Steps in the Danish Music Industry. Part 1 – Danish Music Creators’ Subjective Wellbeing and Mental Health
AuthorsMusgrave, G., Gross, S. and Carney, D.
TypeProject report
Abstract

Executive Summary

This report contains findings based on the largest ever study of musicians’ and music creators’ mental health in Scandinavia, with 1865 survey respondents.
Across our whole sample of musicians and more broadly defined music-makers in Denmark, subjective wellbeing is estimated to be worse than the wider Danish population based on our best approximation, with young music creators and women particularly badly affected.
Denmark was reported as being the second ‘happiest country in the world’ by the World Happiness Report based on the Gallup World Poll in 2023. This headline figure was based on an average subjective life evaluation score amongst the Danish population of 7.586:

• Amongst our respondents, the average score was 6.511.
Statistical analysis shows this to be significantly lower (medium effect).
• For respondents under the age of 40 the average score was 5.92. Statistical analysis shows this to be significantly lower (large effect).

A report by the Nordic Council of Ministers in 2018 suggested that 3% of the Danish population were ‘suffering’, 5.1% were ‘struggling’, and 91.9% were ‘thriving’.

Our sample of Danish musicians and music creators found the following statistics:
• 17.3% of respondents were ‘suffering’ - more than 5x (476%) higher than the wider population in the Nordic Council of Ministers’ Report.
• 24.2% of respondents were ‘struggling’ - almost 5x (374.5%) higher than the wider population.
• 58.6% of respondents were ‘thriving’ – 36% less than the wider population.

The findings for our respondents under the age of 40 are particularly stark:
• 22.8% of respondents under the age of 40 were ‘suffering’. This is nearly 7x (660%) higher than the wider population.
• 35% of respondents under the age of 40 were ‘struggling’. This is nearly 7x (586%) higher than the wider population.
• 42.2% of respondents were thriving – 54% less than the wider population.

Overall, all groups in our sample are considerably more likely to be classified as ‘suffering’ or ‘struggling’, and considerably less likely to be classified as ‘thriving’ than those in the wider Danish population as per data from the Nordic Council of Ministers.

Levels of anxiety are high amongst our sample:
• 45.8% received scores indicating abnormal levels of anxiety.

However, age is significant variable here:
• For survey respondents under the age of 40, 68.7% received scores indicating abnormal levels of anxiety, with 42.8% reaching the threshold of clinical significance.
• Anxiety was seen to be most acute in the age band 25-29 years
. For those in this age band, 78.2% received scores indicating abnormal levels of anxiety, with 49.1% showing clinically significant anxiety, of which 15.5% scored severe, clinically significant, anxiety.

Gender is also a significant variable:
• For female respondents, 65.4% received scores indicating abnormal levels of anxiety (of which 41.2% reached the threshold of clinical significance) compared to 39.1% for men.

Of those respondents who can be categorised as having abnormal anxiety, 61% of these considered music as their main career. This suggests, in line with other global studies, that the music career itself is a significant factor.

KeywordsMusic Careers
Musicians Mental Health
Musical Labour
Anxiety
Wellbeing
Year2023
PublisherDanish Partnership for Sustainable Development in Music
Place of publicationCopenhagen, Denmark
Publication dates
Published28 Nov 2023
ProjectMusicians’ Mental Health: What Works, What Now?
FunderKODA
File
License
CC BY 4.0
File Access Level
Open (open metadata and files)
Web address (URL)https://musiklivetspartnerskab.dk/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Musgrave-Gross-Carney-2023-When-Music-Speaks-Part-1.pdf
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10169748

Related outputs

Sammendrag af rapporten 'Når musikken taler': Mental sundhed og trivsel i den danske musikbranche
Musgrave, G. and Gross, S. 2024. Sammendrag af rapporten 'Når musikken taler': Mental sundhed og trivsel i den danske musikbranche. Copenhagen, Denmark Danish Partnership for Sustainable Development in Music.

When Music Speaks - Mental Health and Next Steps in the Danish Music Industry. Part 4 - Final Recommendations
Musgrave, G. and Gross, S. 2024. When Music Speaks - Mental Health and Next Steps in the Danish Music Industry. Part 4 - Final Recommendations. Copenhagen, Denmark Danish Partnership for Sustainable Development in Music. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10984008

When Music Speaks - Mental Health and Next Steps in the Danish Music Industry. Part 3 - Danish Music Creators' Working Lives and Mental Health Wants
Musgrave, G., Gross, S. and Carney, D 2024. When Music Speaks - Mental Health and Next Steps in the Danish Music Industry. Part 3 - Danish Music Creators' Working Lives and Mental Health Wants. Copenhagen, Denmark Danish Partnership for Sustainable Development in Music. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10984004

What is Music Business Management? A Critical Conversation on Music, Knowledge and Power in the University
Gross, S. and Bennett, T. 2024. What is Music Business Management? A Critical Conversation on Music, Knowledge and Power in the University. in: Arditi, D. and Nolan, R. (ed.) The Palgrave Handbook of Critical Music Industry Studies Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 581-604

The dark side of optimism: Musical dreams, belief, and gambling
Musgrave, G., Gross, S. and Klein, Maike 2024. The dark side of optimism: Musical dreams, belief, and gambling. Musicae Scientiae. Advanced online publication. https://doi.org/10.1177/10298649241230673

When Music Speaks: Mental Health and Next Steps in the Danish Music lndustry. Part 2 - A Review of Models of Musicians' Mental Health Interventions
Musgrave, G., Gross, S. and Carney, D. 2024. When Music Speaks: Mental Health and Next Steps in the Danish Music lndustry. Part 2 - A Review of Models of Musicians' Mental Health Interventions. Copenhagen, Denmark Danish Partnership for Sustainable Development in Music. https://doi.org/zenodo.10808427

Out of the Frying Pan and into the Fire: Music Education, Mental Health, and Our Students’ Futures
Musgrave, G. 2024. Out of the Frying Pan and into the Fire: Music Education, Mental Health, and Our Students’ Futures. in: Arditi, D. and Nolan, R. (ed.) Handbook of Critical Music Industry Studies Palgrave Macmillan.

Sammendrag af rapporten 'Når Musikken Taler'. Del 1: Danske skabende og udøvende musikeres mentale sundhed og trivsel
Musgrave, G., Gross, S. and Carney, D. 2023. Sammendrag af rapporten 'Når Musikken Taler'. Del 1: Danske skabende og udøvende musikeres mentale sundhed og trivsel. Copenhagen, Denmark Danish Partnership for Sustainable Development in Music.

Mental health and the music industry: an evolving intervention landscape
Musgrave, G., Howard, C., Schofield, A., Silver, E. and Tibber, M.S. 2023. Mental health and the music industry: an evolving intervention landscape. The Lancet Psychiatry. 10 (5), pp. P311-313. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(23)00093-7

Musicians, their Relationships, and their Wellbeing: Creative Labour, Relational Work
Musgrave, G. 2023. Musicians, their Relationships, and their Wellbeing: Creative Labour, Relational Work. Poetics. 96 101762. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.poetic.2023.101762

Music and Wellbeing vs Musicians’ Wellbeing: Examining the Paradox of Music-Making Positively Impacting Wellbeing, but Musicians Suffering from Poor Mental Health
Musgrave, G. 2023. Music and Wellbeing vs Musicians’ Wellbeing: Examining the Paradox of Music-Making Positively Impacting Wellbeing, but Musicians Suffering from Poor Mental Health. Cultural Trends. 32 (3), pp. 280-295. https://doi.org/10.1080/09548963.2022.2058354

Predicting anxiety, depression and wellbeing in professional and non-professional musicians
Loveday, C., Musgrave, G. and Gross, S. 2023. Predicting anxiety, depression and wellbeing in professional and non-professional musicians. Psychology of Music. 51 (2), pp. 508-522. https://doi.org/10.1177/03057356221096506

Does Spotify Create Attachment? Algorithmic Playlists, Intermediation and the Artist-Fan Relationship
Leisewitz, A. and Musgrave, G. 2022. Does Spotify Create Attachment? Algorithmic Playlists, Intermediation and the Artist-Fan Relationship. Culture Unbound: Journal of Current Cultural Research. 14 (1), pp. 75-100. https://doi.org/10.3384/cu.3384

‘Women Working in the Music Business: An Alumni Study’
Gross, S. 2022. ‘Women Working in the Music Business: An Alumni Study’. in: Abfalter, D. and Reitsamer, R. (ed.) Music as Labour: Inequalities and Activism in the Past and Present London Routledge.

Lessons from the Loss of Avicii: Business Ethics, Responsibility, and Mental Wellbeing
Musgrave, G. 2022. Lessons from the Loss of Avicii: Business Ethics, Responsibility, and Mental Wellbeing. SAGE Business Cases. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781529794601

‘Losing Work, Losing Purpose’: Representations of Musicians' Mental Health in the Time of Covid-19
Musgrave, G. 2022. ‘Losing Work, Losing Purpose’: Representations of Musicians' Mental Health in the Time of Covid-19. in: Morrow, G., Nordgård, D. and Tschmuck, P. (ed.) Rethinking the Music Business: Music Contexts, Rights, Data and COVID-19 Springer. pp. 11-28

[Audiobook] Can Music Make You Sick? Measuring the Price of Musical Ambition
Musgrave, G. and Gross, S. 2021. [Audiobook] Can Music Make You Sick? Measuring the Price of Musical Ambition . London University of Westminster Press. https://doi.org/10.16997/book43

" For the Love of Music - Crossing the technological divide; an examination of the impact of digital disruption on issues of social reproduction, mental health and inequality in the working lives of the music workforce in the UK.”
Gross, S. 2021. " For the Love of Music - Crossing the technological divide; an examination of the impact of digital disruption on issues of social reproduction, mental health and inequality in the working lives of the music workforce in the UK.”. PhD thesis University of Westminster School of Media https://doi.org/10.34737/vv213

Building a Heavy Metal World: Cultural Entrepreneurship in the Polish People’s Republic
Musgrave, G. and Athanassiou, D 2021. Building a Heavy Metal World: Cultural Entrepreneurship in the Polish People’s Republic. Artivate: A Journal of Entrepreneurship in the Arts. 10 (1), pp. 1-19. https://doi.org/10.34053/artivate.10.1.111

Moral Music Management: Ethical Decision-Making After Avicii
Chaparro, Gerardo and Musgrave, George 2021. Moral Music Management: Ethical Decision-Making After Avicii. International Journal of Music Business Research. 10 (1), pp. 3-16. https://doi.org/10.2478/ijmbr-2021-0001

Can Music Make You Sick? Measuring the Price of Musical Ambition
Gross, S. and Musgrave, G. 2020. Can Music Make You Sick? Measuring the Price of Musical Ambition. London University of Westminster Press.

Avicii: True Stories - Review
Musgrave, G. 2020. Avicii: True Stories - Review. Dancecult: Journal of Electronic Dance Music Culture. 12 (1), pp. 94-97. https://doi.org/0.12801/1947-5403.2020.12.01.15

Making Sense of My Creativity: Reflecting on Digital Autoethnography
Musgrave, G. 2019. Making Sense of My Creativity: Reflecting on Digital Autoethnography. Journal of Artistic and Creative Education. 13 (1), pp. 1-11.

Mental health in the new economy
Gross, S. 2019. Mental health in the new economy. Minds at Work: Making mental health a priority in the changing world of work, Fabian Society Policy Report. 3.

Can I Get a Witness? The significance on contracts in an age of musical abundance
Gross, S. 2019. Can I Get a Witness? The significance on contracts in an age of musical abundance . in: Hepworth-Sawyer, R., Hodgson, J., Paterson, J. and Toulson, R. (ed.) Innovation In Music: performance, technology and business New York Routledge. pp. 481-493

Why Psychological Analysis Shows We're Right To Worry For Musicians' Mental Health
Loveday, C. and Gross, S. 2018. Why Psychological Analysis Shows We're Right To Worry For Musicians' Mental Health. The Quietus.

Research and Culture Change – A Necessary Relationship
Gross, S. 2018. Research and Culture Change – A Necessary Relationship . Global Summit On Mental Health Culture Change 2018 . London 10 - 13 Oct 2018

Can Music Make You Sick?
Gross, S. and Musgrave, G. 2018. Can Music Make You Sick? International Week - PXL-Music. Belgium 05 - 09 Feb 2018

Can Music Make You Sick? Music and Depression
Gross, S. and Musgrave, G. 2018. Can Music Make You Sick? Music and Depression . Doing metal, being punk, doing punk, being metal: hybridity, crossover and difference in punk and metal subcultures.

Can Music Make You Sick? Mental health and working conditions in the UK music industry
Gross, S. and Musgrave, G. 2018. Can Music Make You Sick? Mental health and working conditions in the UK music industry. CAMEo Annual Conference . University of Leicester 12 - 14 Sep 2018

Well Being and Mental Health in the Gig Economy: Policy Perspectives on Precairty
Gross, S., Musgrave, G. and Janciute, L. 2018. Well Being and Mental Health in the Gig Economy: Policy Perspectives on Precairty. London University of Westminster Press.

Let’s Change the Record: Women Only Studio Lock-in: An experiment in audio education and transforming the recording studio space within a university setting
Gross, S. 2017. Let’s Change the Record: Women Only Studio Lock-in: An experiment in audio education and transforming the recording studio space within a university setting. Activating Inclusive Sound Spaces . Huddersfield 08 - 09 Jul 2017

Can Music Make You Sick? Mental Health and Working Conditions in the UK Music Industry
Gross, S. and Musgrave, G. 2017. Can Music Make You Sick? Mental Health and Working Conditions in the UK Music Industry. The Place of Music. Loughborough University 28 - 29 Jun 2017

Can I get a witness? the impact of contracting in the music ecosphere
Gross, S. 2017. Can I get a witness? the impact of contracting in the music ecosphere. Innovation In Music. London 06 - 08 Sep 2017

Can Music Make You Sick (Part 2)? Qualitative Study and Recommendations
Gross, S. and Musgrave, G. 2017. Can Music Make You Sick (Part 2)? Qualitative Study and Recommendations . MusicTank.

Collaborating to Compete: The Role of Cultural Intermediaries in Hypercompetition
Musgrave, G. 2017. Collaborating to Compete: The Role of Cultural Intermediaries in Hypercompetition. International Journal of Music Business Research. 6 (2), pp. 41-68.

Let's Talk About Sex: Gender Trouble in the Music Industry
Gross, S. 2016. Let's Talk About Sex: Gender Trouble in the Music Industry. Sørveiv Conference . Kristiansand 28 - 29 Oct 2016

Can Music Make You Sick Part 1? A Study Into The Incidence of Musicians' Mental Health
Gross, S. and Musgrave, G. 2016. Can Music Make You Sick Part 1? A Study Into The Incidence of Musicians' Mental Health. MusicTank.

Permalink - https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/w6z5y/when-music-speaks-mental-health-and-next-steps-in-the-danish-music-industry-part-1-danish-music-creators-subjective-wellbeing-and-mental-health


Share this

Usage statistics

148 total views
21 total downloads
These values cover views and downloads from WestminsterResearch and are for the period from September 2nd 2018, when this repository was created.