The Current and Retrospective Intentional Nature Exposure Scales: Development and Factorial Validity

Wood, C., Barron, D. and Smyth, N. 2019. The Current and Retrospective Intentional Nature Exposure Scales: Development and Factorial Validity. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 16 (22) 4443. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224443

TitleThe Current and Retrospective Intentional Nature Exposure Scales: Development and Factorial Validity
TypeJournal article
AuthorsWood, C., Barron, D. and Smyth, N.
Abstract

Both nature exposure and green exercise (GE) can improve health. However, there are no scales examining frequency of engagement; or that consider interaction with nature. There are also no scales assessing these variables during childhood. The aim of this study was to develop a modified (NES-II) and retrospective (RNES-II) version of the Nature Exposure Scale to incorporate GE and to examine their factor structure and reliability. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) explored the factor structure of the scales; followed by confirmatory factor analysis to confirm the model fit. Fit indices for the one factor five item NES-II and RNES-II models identified by EFA were poor. Use of modification indices resulted in a good model fit; NES-II: χ(5, n = 385) = 2.638; χnormed = 0.879; CFI= 1.000; RMSEA < 0.001 with 90%CI = 0.000–0.082; SRMR = 0.009; AIC = 36.638. RNES-II: χ(2, n = 385) = 7.149; χnormed = 3.574; CFI = 0.995; RMSEA = 0.082 with 90%CI = 0.023–0.151; SRMR = 0.015; AIC = 43.149. Both models demonstrated very good reliability (α = 0.84; 89 respectively). These findings indicate that the scales can be used to assess current and retrospective nature exposure. However, due to the removal of item one, the authors recommend that the scales be named the ‘intentional nature exposure scale’ and ‘retrospective intentional nature exposure scale’.

Keywordsnature
physical activity
green exercise
Article number4443
JournalInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Journal citation16 (22)
ISSN1660-4601
Year2019
PublisherMDPI
Publisher's version
License
CC BY 4.0
File Access Level
Open (open metadata and files)
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224443
Web address (URL)https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/22/4443
Publication dates
Published12 Nov 2019

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