The effect of Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on exercise-induced muscle damage

Kyriakidou, Y., Wood, C., Ferrier, C., Dolci, A. and Elliott, B. 2021. The effect of Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on exercise-induced muscle damage. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. 18 (1) 9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-020-00405-1

TitleThe effect of Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on exercise-induced muscle damage
TypeJournal article
AuthorsKyriakidou, Y., Wood, C., Ferrier, C., Dolci, A. and Elliott, B.
Abstract

Background
Exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) results in transient muscle inflammation, strength loss, muscle soreness and may cause subsequent exercise avoidance. Omega-3 (n-3) supplementation may minimise EIMD via its anti-inflammatory properties, however, its efficacy remains unclear.

Methods
Healthy males (n = 14, 25.07 ± 4.05 years) were randomised to 3 g/day n-3 supplementation (N-3, n = 7) or placebo (PLA, n = 7). Following 4 weeks supplementation, a downhill running protocol (60 min, 65% V̇O2max, − 10% gradient) was performed. Creatine kinase (CK), interleukin (IL)-6 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, perceived muscle soreness, maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) and peak power were quantified pre, post, and 24, 48 and 72 h post-EIMD.

Results
Muscle soreness was significantly lower in N-3 vs PLA group at 24 h post-EIMD (p = 0.034). IL-6 was increased in PLA (p = 0.009) but not in N-3 (p = 0.434) following EIMD, however, no significant differences were noted between groups. Peak power was significantly suppressed in PLA relative to pre-EIMD but not in N-3 group at 24 h post-EIMD. However, no significant difference in peak power output was observed between groups. MVIC, CK and TNF-α were altered by EIMD but did not differ between groups.

Conclusion
N-3 supplementation for 4 weeks may successfully attenuate minor aspects of EIMD. Whilst not improving performance, these findings may have relevance to soreness-associated exercise avoidance.

KeywordsDOMS
EIMD
Eccentric exercise
Ergogenic aid
Inflammation
Muscle damage
Omega-3
Performance
Recovery
Supplementation
Article number9
JournalJournal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition
Journal citation18 (1)
ISSN1550-2783
Year2021
PublisherSpringer
Publisher's version
License
CC BY 4.0
File Access Level
Open (open metadata and files)
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-020-00405-1
PubMed ID33441158
Web address (URL)http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12970-020-00405-1
Publication dates
Published13 Jan 2021

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