A Population-Practice-Based Model to Understand How Yoga Impacts on Human Global Functioning: A Qualitative Study

Cheshire, A. and Cartwright, T. 2021. A Population-Practice-Based Model to Understand How Yoga Impacts on Human Global Functioning: A Qualitative Study. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine. 27 (11), pp. 991-1001. https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2021.0104

TitleA Population-Practice-Based Model to Understand How Yoga Impacts on Human Global Functioning: A Qualitative Study
TypeJournal article
AuthorsCheshire, A. and Cartwright, T.
Abstract

Introduction:Research is increasingly demonstrating a range of benefits of practicing yoga, such as improved physical and mental health, social connectedness, and self-care. Mechanisms of action are less well understood, but may include both psychological and physiological changes. The aim of this study was to understand more about benefits and mechanisms of yoga practice, using qualitative data collected from a large-scale survey of yoga use in the United Kingdom.

Methods: The mixed methods, cross-sectional online survey collected data on yoga use and perceived benefits from 2434 U.K. yoga practitioners. The qualitative survey element used open-ended questions to gain “real life” data regarding practice and perceived benefits. Data were analyzed thematically and deductively. A practice-based model describing yoga practice, mechanisms, and benefits, based on the Khalsa logic model of yoga, was developed to explain the data.

Findings: Findings highlighted that a diverse range of yoga practices and nonspecific contextual factors related to practicing yoga, needed to be considered to understand how yoga was benefitting people. These practices encompassed both modern and traditional conceptions of yoga as a deeper lifestyle practice. Key mechanisms for change included improvements in physical strength and flexibility, stress regulation, resilience, equanimity, mind–body awareness, and spiritual/personal growth. These mechanisms resulted in diverse improvements in global health functioning, particularly physical and mental health and well-being.

Conclusions: The Khalsa model provided a useful base upon which to guide the new population-practice-based model, to understand participants' “real life” experiences of yoga, how yoga is helping people and why. It provides important information for practitioners, teachers, and those delivering yoga interventions as to the range of skills and potential benefits of yoga practice. In addition, findings indicate directions for future research, by highlighting key yoga mechanisms that researchers may choose to focus on in future studies.

KeywordsComplementary and alternative medicine
JournalThe Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine
Journal citation27 (11), pp. 991-1001
ISSN1075-5535
1557-7708
Year2021
PublisherMary Ann Liebert Inc
Accepted author manuscript
File Access Level
Open (open metadata and files)
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2021.0104
PubMed ID34370551
Web address (URL)https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/acm.2021.0104
Publication dates
Published online09 Aug 2021
Published01 Nov 2021
Published in print01 Nov 2021

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Cheshire, A., Barlow, J.A. and Powell, L.A. 2010. The psychosocial well-being of parents of children with cerebral palsy: a comparison study. Disability and Rehabilitation. 32 (20), pp. 1673-1677. https://doi.org/10.3109/09638281003649920

Complementary medicine and health psychology
Cartwright, T., van Wersch, A. and Forshaw, M. 2009. Complementary medicine and health psychology. Open University Press.

Illness perceptions, coping and quality of life in patients with alopecia
Cartwright, T., Endean, N. and Porter, A. 2009. Illness perceptions, coping and quality of life in patients with alopecia. British Journal of Dermatology. 160 (5), pp. 1034-1039. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.09014.x

"New skills and abilities to enable me to support my pupils in a forward thinking positive way": a Self-Discovery Programme for teachers in mainstream school
Powell, L.A. and Cheshire, A. 2008. "New skills and abilities to enable me to support my pupils in a forward thinking positive way": a Self-Discovery Programme for teachers in mainstream school. International Journal of Special Education. 23 (2), pp. 56-87.

A thematic analysis of childrens' experiences of living with thalassemia major in Pakistan
Mufti, G.E.R., Cartwright, T. and Towell, A. 2008. A thematic analysis of childrens' experiences of living with thalassemia major in Pakistan. Psychology & Health. 23 (S1), p. 189. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870440802299543

'Getting on with life': the experiences of older people using complementary health care
Cartwright, T. 2007. 'Getting on with life': the experiences of older people using complementary health care. Social Science & Medicine. 64 (8), pp. 1692-1703. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.11.034

Making sense of illness: the experiences of users of complementary medicine
Cartwright, T. and Torr, R. 2005. Making sense of illness: the experiences of users of complementary medicine. Journal of Health Psychology. 10 (4), pp. 559-572. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105305053425

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