Dynamic and Static Cognitive Deficits in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder After the First Episode

Zanelli, Jolanta, Reichenberg, Abraham, Sandin, Sven, Morgan, Craig, Dazzan, Paola, Pilecka, Izabela, Marques, Tiago Reis, Morgan, K.D., Young, Allan H and Mollon, J. 2022. Dynamic and Static Cognitive Deficits in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder After the First Episode. Schizophrenia Bulletin. 48 (3), p. 590–598. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbab150

TitleDynamic and Static Cognitive Deficits in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder After the First Episode
TypeJournal article
AuthorsZanelli, Jolanta, Reichenberg, Abraham, Sandin, Sven, Morgan, Craig, Dazzan, Paola, Pilecka, Izabela, Marques, Tiago Reis, Morgan, K.D., Young, Allan H and Mollon, J.
AbstractAbstract Few studies have comprehensively examined the profile of cognitive functioning in first episode psychosis patients throughout the lifespan, and from first episode to chronic stage. We assessed functioning in general and specific cognitive functions, comparing both schizophrenia (N = 64) and bipolar I (N = 19) patients to controls (N = 103). Participants were from a population-based, case-control study of first episode psychosis patients, who were followed prospectively up to 10 years post first admission. A cognitive battery was administered at baseline and follow-up. By combining longitudinal and cross-sectional data, we were able to examine the cognitive profile of patients and controls throughout the entire age range of our sample (16–65). Schizophrenia patients exhibited widespread declines in IQ, executive function, visual memory, language ability, and verbal knowledge. However, the ages at which these declines occurred differed between functions. Deficits in verbal memory, working memory, processing speed, and visuospatial ability, on the other hand, were present at the first episode, and remained relatively static thereafter. Bipolar I patients also showed declines in IQ, verbal knowledge, and language ability, albeit at different ages to schizophrenia patients and only in verbal functions. Deficits on measures of verbal memory, processing speed, and executive function remained relatively static. Thus, both schizophrenia and bipolar I patients experienced cognitive decline in general and specific functions after the first episode, but the age at which these declines occurred differed between disorder and function. Cognitive remediation efforts may be most fruitful when targeting individual functions during specific time periods throughout adulthood.
KeywordsPsychiatry and Mental health
JournalSchizophrenia Bulletin
Journal citation48 (3), p. 590–598
ISSN0586-7614
1745-1701
Year2022
PublisherOxford University Press
Publisher's version
File Access Level
Open (open metadata and files)
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbab150
PubMed ID35064259
Publication dates
Published online22 Jan 2022
Published in printMay 2022
ProjectG0701484
FunderMedical Research Council
National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at South London
Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London
LicenseCC BY-NC 4.0

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Dean, K., Fearon, P., Morgan, K.D., Hutchinson, G., Orr, K.G., Chitnis, X., Suckling, J., Mallett, R.M., Leff, J., Jones, P.B., Murray, R.M. and Dazzan, P. 2006. Grey matter correlates of minor physical anomalies in the AESOP first-episode psychosis study. British Journal of Psychiatry. 189 (3), pp. 221-228. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.016337

Insight in psychosis and neuropsychological function: meta-analysis
Aleman, A., Agrawal, N., Morgan, K.D. and David, A.S. 2006. Insight in psychosis and neuropsychological function: meta-analysis. British Journal of Psychiatry. 189 (3), pp. 204-212. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.189.3.204

The structural brain correlates of neurological soft signs in healthy individuals
Dazzan, P., Morgan, K.D., Chitnis, X., Suckling, J., Morgan, C., Fearon, P., McGuire, P.K., Jones, P.B., Leff, J. and Murray, R.M. 2006. The structural brain correlates of neurological soft signs in healthy individuals. Cerebral Cortex. 16 (8), pp. 1225-1231. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhj063

Insight and cognition
Morgan, K.D. 2006. Insight and cognition. in: Morgan, K.D., David, A.S., Murray, R.M. and Eberhard, J. (ed.) Cognition and schizophrenia: improving real life function Cambridge, UK Cambridge Medical Communication. pp. 37-43

Increased pituitary volume in antipsychotic-free and antipsychotic-treated patients of the sop first-onset psychosis study
Pariante, C.M., Dazzan, P., Danese, A., Morgan, K.D., Brudaglio, F., Morgan, C., Fearon, P., Orr, K.G., Hutchinson, G., Pantelis, C., Velakoulis, D., Jones, P.B., Leff, J. and Murray, R.M. 2005. Increased pituitary volume in antipsychotic-free and antipsychotic-treated patients of the sop first-onset psychosis study. Neuropsychopharmacology. 30 (10), pp. 1923-1931. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.npp.1300766

Pathways to care and ethnicity. 2: source of referral and help-seeking: report from the AESOP study
Morgan, C., Mallett, R.M., Hutchinson, G., Bagalkote, H., Morgan, K.D., Fearon, P., Dazzan, P., Boydell, J., McKenzie, K., Harrison, G., Murray, R.M., Jones, P.B., Craig, T.K.J. and Leff, J. 2005. Pathways to care and ethnicity. 2: source of referral and help-seeking: report from the AESOP study. British Journal of Psychiatry. 186 (4), pp. 290-296.

Pathways to care and ethnicity. 1: sample characteristics and compulsory admission: report from the ÆSOP Study
Morgan, C., Mallett, R.M., Hutchinson, G., Bagalkote, H., Morgan, K.D., Fearon, P., Dazzan, P., Boydell, J., McKenzie, K., Harrison, G., Murray, R.M., Jones, P.B., Craig, T.K.J. and Leff, J. 2005. Pathways to care and ethnicity. 1: sample characteristics and compulsory admission: report from the ÆSOP Study. British Journal of Psychiatry. 186 (4), pp. 281-289.

Different effects of typical and atypical antipsychotics on grey matter in first episode psychosis: the ÆSOP Study
Dazzan, P., Morgan, K.D., Orr, K.G., Hutchinson, G., Chitnis, X., Suckling, J., Fearon, P., McGuire, P.K., Mallett, R.M., Jones, P.B., Leff, J. and Murray, R.M. 2005. Different effects of typical and atypical antipsychotics on grey matter in first episode psychosis: the ÆSOP Study. Neuropsychopharmacology. 30 (4), pp. 765-774. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.npp.1300603

Incidence of bipolar affective disorder in three UK cities: results from the ÆSOP Study
Lloyd, T., Kennedy, N., Fearon, P., Kirkbride, J.B., Mallett, R.M., Leff, J., Holloway, J., Harrison, G., Dazzan, P., Morgan, K.D., Murray, R.M. and Jones, P.B. 2005. Incidence of bipolar affective disorder in three UK cities: results from the ÆSOP Study. British Journal of Psychiatry. 186 (2), pp. 126-131.

A study of hippocampal shape anomaly in schizophrenia and in families multiply affected by schizophrenia or bipolar disorder
Connor, S.E.J., Ng, V., McDonald, C., Schulze, K., Morgan, K.D., Dazzan, P. and Murray, R.M. 2004. A study of hippocampal shape anomaly in schizophrenia and in families multiply affected by schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. Neuroradiology. 46 (7), pp. 523-534. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00234-004-1224-0

Neuropsychological studies of insight in psychosis
Morgan, K.D. and David, A.S. 2004. Neuropsychological studies of insight in psychosis. in: Amador, X.S. and David, A.S. (ed.) Insight and psychosis: awareness of illness in schizophrenia and related disorders. 2nd edition Oxford, UK Oxford University Press.

Perception of psychosis in patients
Morgan, K.D. 2004. Perception of psychosis in patients. Epidemiologia e Psichiatria Sociale. 13 (4), pp. 222-226.

Normal cerebral asymmetry in familial and non-familial schizophrenic probands and their unaffected relatives
Chapple, B., Grech, A., Sham, P., Toulopoulou, T., Walshe, M., Schulze, K., Morgan, K.D., Murray, R.M. and McDonald, C. 2004. Normal cerebral asymmetry in familial and non-familial schizophrenic probands and their unaffected relatives. Schizophrenia Research. 67 (1), pp. 33-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0920-9964(03)00095-1

The structural brain correlates of neurological soft signs in ÆSOP first-episode psychoses study
Dazzan, P., Morgan, K.D., Orr, K.G., Hutchinson, G., Chitnis, X., Suckling, J., Fearon, P., Salvo, J., McGuire, P.K., Mallett, R.M., Jones, P.B., Leff, J. and Murray, R.M. 2003. The structural brain correlates of neurological soft signs in ÆSOP first-episode psychoses study. Brain. 127 (1), pp. 143-153. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awh015

A functional magnetic resonance imaging study of overt letter verbal fluency using a clustered acquisition sequence: greater anterior cingulate activation with increased task demand
Fu, C.H.Y., Morgan, K.D., Suckling, J., Williams, S.C.R., Andrew, C., Vythelingum, G.N. and McGuire, P.K. 2002. A functional magnetic resonance imaging study of overt letter verbal fluency using a clustered acquisition sequence: greater anterior cingulate activation with increased task demand. NeuroImage. 17 (2), pp. 871-879. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-8119(02)91189-4

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