Response to the Letter from Garcia-Montojo and colleagues concerning our paper entitled, Quantitative analysis of human endogenous retrovirus-K transcripts in postmortem premotor cortex fails to confirm elevated expression of HERV-K RNA in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Dual production of polyhydroxyalkanoates and antibacterial/antiviral gold nanoparticles
McCormick, A.L., Basnett, P., Vecchiato, V., Wright, E., Noble, B., Marcello, E. and Paxinou, A. 2023. Dual production of polyhydroxyalkanoates and antibacterial/antiviral gold nanoparticles. Frontiers in Nanotechnology. 5 1243056. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnano.2023.1243056

Author Correction: A HML6 endogenous retrovirus on chromosome 3 is upregulated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis motor cortex
Jones, A.R., Iacoangeli, A., Adey, B.N., Bowles, H., Shatunov, A., Troakes, C., Garson, J.A., McCormick, A.L. and Al‑Chalabi, A. 2022. Author Correction: A HML6 endogenous retrovirus on chromosome 3 is upregulated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis motor cortex. Scientific Reports. 12 14171. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-18488-y

Investigation of Endogenous Retroviruses in the Pathogenesis of Sporadic Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) by
Day, Edmund 2022. Investigation of Endogenous Retroviruses in the Pathogenesis of Sporadic Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) by. PhD thesis University of Westminster Life Sciences https://doi.org/10.34737/w121w

A HML6 endogenous retrovirus on chromosome 3 is upregulated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis motor cortex.
Jones, A.R., Iacoangeli, A., Adey, B.N., Bowles, H., Shatunov, A, Troakes, C., Garson, J.A., McCormick, A.L. and Al‑Chalabi, A. 2021. A HML6 endogenous retrovirus on chromosome 3 is upregulated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis motor cortex. Scientific Reports. 11 14283. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-93742-3

Elevated microRNA expression could be diagnostic biomarker for PDAC
Mortoglou, M., Arisan, D., Ferreira, T., McCormick, A.L. and Uysal Onganer, P. 2020. Elevated microRNA expression could be diagnostic biomarker for PDAC. Pancreatology. 20 (8) e19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pan.2020.10.015

Quantitative analysis of Human Endogenous Retrovirus-K transcripts in postmortem premotor cortex fails to confirm elevated expression of HERV-K RNA in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Garson, J.A., Usher, L., Al-Chalabi, A., Huggett, J., Day, E.F. and McCormick, A.L. 2019. Quantitative analysis of Human Endogenous Retrovirus-K transcripts in postmortem premotor cortex fails to confirm elevated expression of HERV-K RNA in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Acta Neuropathologica Communications. 7 45. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40478-019-0698-2

Correction: Evidence for Reduced Drug Susceptibility without Emergence of Major Protease Mutations following Protease Inhibitor Monotherapy Failure in the SARA Trial.
Sutherland, K.A., Parry, C.M., McCormick, A.L., Kapaata, A., Lyagoba, F., Kaleebu, P., Gilks, C.F., Goodall, R., Spyer, M., Kityo, C., Pillay, D., Gupta, R.K. and DART Virology Group 2016. Correction: Evidence for Reduced Drug Susceptibility without Emergence of Major Protease Mutations following Protease Inhibitor Monotherapy Failure in the SARA Trial. PLoS ONE. 11 (6) e0157094. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0157094

Gag-Protease Sequence Evolution Following Protease Inhibitor Monotherapy Treatment Failure in HIV-1 Viruses Circulating in East Africa.
Sutherland, K.A., Goodall, R.L., McCormick, A.L., Kapaata, A., Lyagoba, F., Kaleebu, P., Thiltgen, G., Gilks, C.F., Spyer, M., Kityo, C., Pillay, D., Dunn, D. and Gupta, R.K. 2015. Gag-Protease Sequence Evolution Following Protease Inhibitor Monotherapy Treatment Failure in HIV-1 Viruses Circulating in East Africa. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses. 31 (10), pp. 1032-1037. https://doi.org/10.1089/aid.2015.0138

Evidence for Reduced Drug Susceptibility without Emergence of Major Protease Mutations following Protease Inhibitor Monotherapy Failure in the SARA Trial
Sutherland, K.A., Parry, C.M., McCormick, A.L., Kapaata, A., Lyagoba, F., Kaleebu, P., Gilks, C.F., Goodall, R., Spyer, M., Kityo, C., Pillay, D., Gupta, R.K. and DART Virology Group 2015. Evidence for Reduced Drug Susceptibility without Emergence of Major Protease Mutations following Protease Inhibitor Monotherapy Failure in the SARA Trial. PLoS ONE. 10 (9) e0137834. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0137834

IL28B genotype predicts response to chronic hepatitis C triple therapy with telaprevir or boceprevir in treatment naïve and treatment-experienced patients other than prior partial- and null-responders
Calisti, G., Tavares, A., Macartney, M.J., McCormick, A.L., Labbett, W., Jacobs, M., Dusheiko, G., Rosenberg, W.M. and Haque, T. 2015. IL28B genotype predicts response to chronic hepatitis C triple therapy with telaprevir or boceprevir in treatment naïve and treatment-experienced patients other than prior partial- and null-responders. SpringerPlus. 4 (1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40064-015-1137-x

Evaluation of sequencing of HCV core/E1, NS5A and NS5B as a genotype predictive tool in comparison with commercial assays targeting 5′UTR
McCormick, A.L., Macartney, M.J., Abdi-Abshir, I., Labbett, W., Smith, C., Irish, D., Webster, D.P. and Haque, T. 2015. Evaluation of sequencing of HCV core/E1, NS5A and NS5B as a genotype predictive tool in comparison with commercial assays targeting 5′UTR. Journal of Clinical Virology. 66 (May), pp. 56-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2015.03.006

Ultra-deep sequencing provides insights into the virology of hepatitis C super-infections in a case of three sequential infections with different genotypes
Chung, E., Ferns, R.B., He, M., Rigatti, R., Grant, P., McCormick, A.L., Bhagani, S., Webster, D.P., Nastouli, E. and Waters, L.J. 2015. Ultra-deep sequencing provides insights into the virology of hepatitis C super-infections in a case of three sequential infections with different genotypes. Journal of Clinical Virology. 70 (Sept), pp. 63-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2015.06.105

The utility of genotypic tropism testing in clinical practice
Wyatt, H., Herman, O., Macartney, M.J., Conibear, T., Garcia-Diaz, A., Booth, C., McCormick, A.L., Smith, C., Johnson, M., Irish, D. and Webster, D. 2015. The utility of genotypic tropism testing in clinical practice. International Journal of STD and AIDS. 26 (8), pp. 593-594. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956462414546917

Phenotypic and genotypic analyses to guide selection of reverse transcriptase inhibitors in second-line HIV therapy following extended virological failure in Uganda
R. L. Goodall, D. T. Dunn, T. Pattery, A. van Cauwenberge, P. Nkurunziza, P. Awio, N. Ndembi, P. Munderi, C. Kityo, C. F. Gilks, P. Kaleebu, D. Pillay, P. Kaleebu, D. Pillay, P. Awio, M. Chirara, D. Dunn, D. M. Gibb, C. Gilks, R. Goodall, A. Kapaata, M. Katuramur, F. Lyagoba, R. Magala, B. Magambo, K. Mataruka, A.L. McCormick, L. Mugarura, T. Musunga, M. Nabankkema, J. Nkalubo, P. Nkurunziza, C. Parry, V. Robertson, M. Spyer, D. Yirrell, H. Grosskurth, P. Munderi, G. Kabuye, D. Nsibambi, R. Kasirye, E. Zalwango, M. Nakazibwe, B. Kikaire, G. Nassuna, R. Massa, K. Fadhiru, M. Namyalo, A. Zalwango, L. Generous and P. Khauka 2014. Phenotypic and genotypic analyses to guide selection of reverse transcriptase inhibitors in second-line HIV therapy following extended virological failure in Uganda. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 69 (7), pp. 1938-1944. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dku052

Feasibility of testing and detection of HIV-1 drug resistance in proviral DNA
Booth, C., McCormick, A.L., Garcia-Diaz, A., Macartney, M., Youle, M., Johnson, M. and Webster, D. 2014. Feasibility of testing and detection of HIV-1 drug resistance in proviral DNA. BMC Infectious Diseases. 14 (Supplement 4) O25. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-14-s4-o25

Analysis of transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance using 454 ultra-deep-sequencing and the DeepChek(®)-HIV system.
Garcia-Diaz, A., McCormick, A.L., Booth, C., Gonzalez, D., Sayada, C., Haque, T., Johnson, M. and Webster, D. 2014. Analysis of transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance using 454 ultra-deep-sequencing and the DeepChek(®)-HIV system. Journal of the International AIDS Society. 17 (Suppl 3) 19752. https://doi.org/10.7448/ias.17.4.19752

Telaprevir or boceprevir based therapy for chronic hepatitis C infection: Development of resistance-associated variants in treatment failure
Macartney, M.J., Irish, D., Bridge, S.H., Garcia-Diaz, A., Booth, C., McCormick, A.L., Labbett, W., Smith, C., Velazquez, C., Tanwar, S., Trembling, P., Jacobs, M., Dusheiko, G., Rosenberg, W.M. and Haque, T. 2014. Telaprevir or boceprevir based therapy for chronic hepatitis C infection: Development of resistance-associated variants in treatment failure. Antiviral Research. 105, pp. 112-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2014.02.019

Prevalence of baseline polymorphisms for potential resistance to NS5A inhibitors in drug-naive individuals infected with hepatitis C genotypes 1–4
McCormick, A.L., Wang, L., Garcia-Diaz, A., Macartney, M.J., Webster, D.P. and Haque, T. 2014. Prevalence of baseline polymorphisms for potential resistance to NS5A inhibitors in drug-naive individuals infected with hepatitis C genotypes 1–4 . Antiviral Therapy. 20 (1), pp. 81-85. https://doi.org/10.3851/IMP2763

The utility of different bioinformatics algorithms for genotypic HIV-1 tropism testing in a large clinical cohort with multiple subtypes
Bartlett, A., Macartney, M.J., Conibear, T., Feyertag, F., Smith, C., Johnson, M., Hyams, C., Garcia-Diaz, A., McCormick, A.L., Booth, C., Robertson, D. and Webster, D.P. 2014. The utility of different bioinformatics algorithms for genotypic HIV-1 tropism testing in a large clinical cohort with multiple subtypes. AIDS. 28 (11), pp. 1611-7. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0000000000000288

Baseline drug-resistance mutations are detectable in HCV genes NS3 and NS5A but not NS5B in acute and chronic HIV-coinfected patients
McCormick, A.L., Moynihan, L., Macartney, M.J., Garcia-Diaz, A., Smith, C., Johnson, M., Rodger, A.J., Bhagani, S., Haque, T. and Webster, D. 2014. Baseline drug-resistance mutations are detectable in HCV genes NS3 and NS5A but not NS5B in acute and chronic HIV-coinfected patients. Antiviral Therapy. 20 (3), p. 2015. https://doi.org/10.3851/IMP2871

Evaluation of the Roche prototype 454 HIV-1 ultradeep sequencingdrug resistance assay in a routine diagnostic laboratory
Garcia-Diaz, A., Guerrero-Ramos, A., McCormick, A.L., Macartney, M.J., Conibear, T., Johnson, M., Haque, T. and Webster, D.P. 2013. Evaluation of the Roche prototype 454 HIV-1 ultradeep sequencingdrug resistance assay in a routine diagnostic laboratory. Journal of Clinical Virology. 58 (2), pp. 468-473. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2013.07.009

Impact of the N348I Mutation in HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase on Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor Resistance in Non-Subtype B HIV-1
McCormick, A.L., Parry, C.M., Crombe, A., Goodall, R.L., Gupta, R.K., Kaleebu, P., Kityo, C., Chirara, M., Towers, G.J. and Pillay, D. 2011. Impact of the N348I Mutation in HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase on Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor Resistance in Non-Subtype B HIV-1. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 55 (4), pp. 1806-1809. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.01197-10

Full length HIV-1 Gag determines protease inhibitor susceptibility within in vitro assays
Gupta, R.K., Kohli, A., McCormick, A.L., Towers, G.J., Pillay, D. and Parry, C.M. 2010. Full length HIV-1 Gag determines protease inhibitor susceptibility within in vitro assays. AIDS. 24 (11), p. 1651–1655. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0b013e3283398216

Lack of Minority K65RResistant Viral Populations Detected After Repeated Treatment Interruptions of Tenofovir/Zidovudine and Lamivudine in a Resource-Limited Setting
McCormick, A.L., Goodall, R.L., Joyce, A., Ndembi, N., Chirara, M., Katunduk, P., Walker, A.S., Yirrell, D.L., Gilks, C.F. and Pillay, D. 2010. Lack of Minority K65RResistant Viral Populations Detected After Repeated Treatment Interruptions of Tenofovir/Zidovudine and Lamivudine in a Resource-Limited Setting. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 54 (2), pp. 215-216. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181cc1058

Viral Rebound and Emergence of Drug Resistance in the Absence of Viral Load Testing: A Randomized Comparison between Zidovudine-Lamivudine plus Nevirapine and Zidovudine-Lamivudine plus Abacavir
Ndembi, N., Goodall, R.L., Dunn, D.T., McCormick, A.L., Burke, A., Lyagoba, F., Munderi, P., Katundu, P., Kityo, C., Robertson, V., Yirrell, D.L., Walker, A.S., Gibb, D.M., Gilks, C.F., Kaleebu, P. and Pillay, D. 2010. Viral Rebound and Emergence of Drug Resistance in the Absence of Viral Load Testing: A Randomized Comparison between Zidovudine-Lamivudine plus Nevirapine and Zidovudine-Lamivudine plus Abacavir. The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 201 (1), pp. 106-113. https://doi.org/10.1086/648590

Quantification of reverse transcriptase in ALS and elimination of a novel retroviral candidate
McCormick, A.L., Brown, R.H., Cudkowicz, M.E., Al-Chalabi, A. and Garson, J.A. 2008. Quantification of reverse transcriptase in ALS and elimination of a novel retroviral candidate. Neurology. 70 (4), pp. 278-283. https://doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000297552.13219.b4

An interferon gamma-gp120 fusion delivered as a DNA vaccine induces enhanced priming
Nimal, S., McCormick, A.L., Thomas, M.S. and Heath, A.W. 2005. An interferon gamma-gp120 fusion delivered as a DNA vaccine induces enhanced priming. Vaccine. 23 (10), pp. 3984-3990. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.01.160

CD40 antibody as an adjuvant induces enhanced T cell responses
Carlring, J., Barr, T.A., McCormick, A.L. and Heath, A.W. 2004. CD40 antibody as an adjuvant induces enhanced T cell responses. Vaccine. 22 (25-26), p. 3323–3328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.02.043

A potent adjuvant effect of CD40 antibody attached to antigen
Barr, T.A., McCormick, A.L., Carlring, J. and Heath, A.W. 2003. A potent adjuvant effect of CD40 antibody attached to antigen. Immunology. 109 (1), pp. 87-92. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2567.2003.01634.x

Immunization with an Interferon-g–gp120 Fusion Protein Induces Enhanced Immune Responses to Human Immunodeficiency Virus gp120
McCormick, A.L., Thomas, M.S. and Heath, A.W. 2001. Immunization with an Interferon-g–gp120 Fusion Protein Induces Enhanced Immune Responses to Human Immunodeficiency Virus gp120. The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 184 (11), pp. 1423-1430. https://doi.org/10.1086/324371

Gag Determinants of Fitness and Drug Susceptibility in Protease Inhibitor-Resistant Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1
Parry, C.M., Kohli, A., Boinett, C.J., Towers, G.J., McCormick, A.L. and Pillay, D. 1999. Gag Determinants of Fitness and Drug Susceptibility in Protease Inhibitor-Resistant Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1. Journal of Virology. 83 (18), pp. 9094-9101. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.02356-08

Cell Surface Expression of CD154 Inhibits Alloantibody Responses: A Mechanism for the Prevention of Autoimmune Responses against Activated T Cells?
McCormick, A.L., Santos-Argumedo, L., Thomas, M.S. and Heath, A.W. 1999. Cell Surface Expression of CD154 Inhibits Alloantibody Responses: A Mechanism for the Prevention of Autoimmune Responses against Activated T Cells? Cellular Immunology. 195 (2), pp. 157-161. https://doi.org/10.1006/cimm.1999.1528

Enhancement of immunogenicity of recombinant antigens by production of a cytokine-antigen fusion protein for vaccination
McCormick, A.L., Thomas, M.S. and Heath, A.W. 1997. Enhancement of immunogenicity of recombinant antigens by production of a cytokine-antigen fusion protein for vaccination. Biochemical Society Transactions. 25, p. 297S. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst025297s