Power, money and Arab media: A not-so-simple saga

How universalised language misconstrues audiences in the ‘Middle East’
Sakr, N. 2025. How universalised language misconstrues audiences in the ‘Middle East’. in: Hill, A. and Lunt, P. (ed.) The Routledge Companion to Media Audiences Abingdon and New York Routledge. pp. 61-73

The Media Diversity Index 2025: What the Pilot Index Highlights about the UK
Sakr, N. and Block, P. 2025. The Media Diversity Index 2025: What the Pilot Index Highlights about the UK. London Media Diversity Institute.

Pan-Arab TV Drama: State Controls and National Memory
Sakr, N. 2025. Pan-Arab TV Drama: State Controls and National Memory. in: Political Economy, Power and Cultural Heritage in the Arab World Boulder Colorado Lynne Rienner Publishers. pp. 89-110

Edgy in the ‘right’ way: Meeting pent-up demand for youth-oriented local content on Saudi TV
Sakr, N. 2025. Edgy in the ‘right’ way: Meeting pent-up demand for youth-oriented local content on Saudi TV. Critical Studies in Television: The International Journal of Television Studies. Advanced online publication. https://doi.org/10.1177/17496020251378308

Book review: The Political Economy of Egyptian Media: Business and Military Elite Power and Communication after 2011, by Maher Hamoud
Sakr, Naomi 2025. Book review: The Political Economy of Egyptian Media: Business and Military Elite Power and Communication after 2011, by Maher Hamoud. Middle East Journal of Culture and Communication. 17 (4), pp. 389-392. https://doi.org/10.1163/18739865-01704003

The Media Diversity Index: A Pilot Study
Sakr, N. 2024. The Media Diversity Index: A Pilot Study. Belgrade/London Media Diversity Institute.

Book review: The National Imaginarium: A History of Egyptian Filmmaking by Magdy Mounir El-Shammaa
Sakr, N. 2023. Book review: The National Imaginarium: A History of Egyptian Filmmaking by Magdy Mounir El-Shammaa . Middle East Journal of Culture and Communication. 16 (3), pp. 359-361. https://doi.org/10.1163/18739865-01603008

Saudi Arabian Television: The Challenge of Connecting with Reality
Sakr, N. 2023. Saudi Arabian Television: The Challenge of Connecting with Reality. in: Ogola, G. (ed.) The Future of Television in the Global South: Reflections from Selected Countries Palgrave Macmillan.

Purposes and practices of MENA television: Components of an ever-evolving medium
Sakr, N. 2023. Purposes and practices of MENA television: Components of an ever-evolving medium . in: Gholam, K. and Guaaybess, T. (ed.) The Handbook of Media and Culture in the Middle East Hoboken, NJ Wiley.

Media Governance as Diagnostic Lens to Probe Hidden Dimensions of Authoritarian Decision-Making in the Arab Middle East
Sakr, N. 2022. Media Governance as Diagnostic Lens to Probe Hidden Dimensions of Authoritarian Decision-Making in the Arab Middle East. in: Ganter, S.A. and Badr, H. (ed.) Media Governance: A Cosmopolitan Critique Basingstoke Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 39-57

Children’s documentaries: distance and ethics in European storytelling about the wider world
Sakr, N. and Steemers, J. 2022. Children’s documentaries: distance and ethics in European storytelling about the wider world. Journal of Children and Media. 16 (2), pp. 288-302. https://doi.org/10.1080/17482798.2021.1974502

IAMCR and the Middle East and North Africa: Questions of place, people and paradigms
Sakr, N. 2022. IAMCR and the Middle East and North Africa: Questions of place, people and paradigms. in: History of the IAMCR IAMCR.

Curation as methodological enhancement in researching production cultures behind screen content about displaced children in Europe
Sakr, N. and Steemers, J. 2021. Curation as methodological enhancement in researching production cultures behind screen content about displaced children in Europe . Critical Studies in Television. 16 (2), pp. 181-195. https://doi.org/10.1177/17496020211004102

Whither “Integration”? Children’s Television, Immigration, and Arab Diasporas in Germany
Sakr, N. and Steemers, J. 2021. Whither “Integration”? Children’s Television, Immigration, and Arab Diasporas in Germany. in: Arab Worlds Beyond the Middle East and North Africa Lanham MD Lexington Books. pp. 99-114

Divergent Trajectories of Creativity and Coercion - An Introduction to the Media and Popular Culture Section
Sakr, N. 2021. Divergent Trajectories of Creativity and Coercion - An Introduction to the Media and Popular Culture Section. in: The Routledge Handbook of Contemporary Egypt Abdingdon Routledge. pp. 389-400

Children's television in an era of digital distribution: European and Arab responses
Sakr, N. and Steemers, J. 2021. Children's television in an era of digital distribution: European and Arab responses. in: Digital Media Distribution: Portals, Platforms, Pipelines New York New York University Press. pp. 222-241

Growing PSM Organically: International Initiatives to Support National Conversations in New Contexts
Sakr, N. 2020. Growing PSM Organically: International Initiatives to Support National Conversations in New Contexts. Interactions: Studies in Communication & Culture. 11 (2), pp. 269-275. https://doi.org/10.1386/iscc_00024_7

Representing Childhood and Forced Migration: Narratives of Borders and Belonging in European Screen Content for Children
Singer, C., Steemers, J. and Sakr, N. 2019. Representing Childhood and Forced Migration: Narratives of Borders and Belonging in European Screen Content for Children. Jeunesse: Young People, Texts, Cultures. 11 (2), pp. 202-224.

Screen Media for Arab and European Children: Policy and Production Encounters in the Multiplatform Era
Sakr, N. and Steemers, J. 2019. Screen Media for Arab and European Children: Policy and Production Encounters in the Multiplatform Era. Basingstoke Palgrave Macmillan.

Facilitating Arab-European Dialogue: Consolidated Report on an AHRC Project for Impact and Engagement
Sakr, N., Steemers, J. and Singer, C. 2018. Facilitating Arab-European Dialogue: Consolidated Report on an AHRC Project for Impact and Engagement. London Kings College London.

Project Report to Stakeholders: Invisible Children - Children's Media, Diversity and Forced Migration
Steemers, J., Sakr, N. and Singer, C. 2018. Project Report to Stakeholders: Invisible Children - Children's Media, Diversity and Forced Migration. London Kings College London.

Children's Screen Content in an Era of Forced Migration: Munich Workshop Briefing
Steemers, J., Sakr, N. and Singer, C. 2018. Children's Screen Content in an Era of Forced Migration: Munich Workshop Briefing . London Kings College London.

Children's Screen Content in an Era of Forced Migration: Copenhagen Workshop Briefing
Sakr, N. and Steemers, J. 2018. Children's Screen Content in an Era of Forced Migration: Copenhagen Workshop Briefing. London Kings College London.

Children's Screen Content in an Era of Forced Migration: Manchester Workshop Briefing
Sakr, N. and Steemers, J. 2018. Children's Screen Content in an Era of Forced Migration: Manchester Workshop Briefing. London Kings College London.

‘Smarter, stronger, kinder’: Interests at stake in the remake of Iftah ya Simsim for Gulf children
Sakr, N. 2018. ‘Smarter, stronger, kinder’: Interests at stake in the remake of Iftah ya Simsim for Gulf children. Middle East Journal of Culture and Communication. 11 (1), pp. 9-28. https://doi.org/10.1163/18739865-01101002

Provision, protection or participation? Approaches to regulating children’s television in Arab countries
Sakr, N. 2017. Provision, protection or participation? Approaches to regulating children’s television in Arab countries. Media International Australia. 163 (1), pp. 31-41. https://doi.org/10.1177/1329878X17693933

Managing for sustainable journalism under authoritarianism: innovative business models aimed at good practice
Sakr, N. 2017. Managing for sustainable journalism under authoritarianism: innovative business models aimed at good practice. in: Berglez, P., Olausson , U. and Ots, M. (ed.) What Is Sustainable Journalism?: Integrating the Environmental, Social, and Economic Challenges of Journalism New York Peter Lang. pp. 295-313

Rebranding Al-Jazeera Children's Channel: The Qatarization Factor
Sakr, N. and Steemers, J. 2017. Rebranding Al-Jazeera Children's Channel: The Qatarization Factor. in: Children's TV and Digital Media in the Arab World: Childhood, Screen Culture and Education London I.B. Tauris. pp. 99-121

Forces for Change in Offiicial Arab Policies on Media and Children
Sakr, N. 2017. Forces for Change in Offiicial Arab Policies on Media and Children. in: Children's TV and Digital Media in the Arab World: Childhood, Screen Culture and Education London I.B. Tauris. pp. 45-69

Children’s access to beneficial information in Arab states: Implementation of Article 17 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child in Egypt, Morocco and the United Arab Emirates
Sakr, N. 2016. Children’s access to beneficial information in Arab states: Implementation of Article 17 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child in Egypt, Morocco and the United Arab Emirates. Global Studies of Childhood. 6 (4), pp. 376-387. https://doi.org/10.1177/2043610616676029

Survival or Sustainability? Contributions of Innovatively-Managed News Ventures to the Future of Egyptian Journalism
Sakr, N. 2016. Survival or Sustainability? Contributions of Innovatively-Managed News Ventures to the Future of Egyptian Journalism. Journal of Media Business Studies. 13 (1), pp. 45-59. https://doi.org/10.1080/16522354.2015.1125608

Media ‘Globalization’ as Survival Strategy for Authoritarian Regimes In the Arab Middle East
Sakr, N. 2016. Media ‘Globalization’ as Survival Strategy for Authoritarian Regimes In the Arab Middle East. in: Flew, T., Iosifides, P. and Steemers, J. (ed.) Global Media and National Policies: The Return of the State Basingstoke Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 173-189

Good Practice in EU Public Service Media and Contemporary Practice in Jordan: A Comparative Analysis
Sakr, N. 2015. Good Practice in EU Public Service Media and Contemporary Practice in Jordan: A Comparative Analysis. Amman UNESCO Amman Office .

Naguib Sawiris: global capitalist, Egyptian media investor
Sakr, N. 2015. Naguib Sawiris: global capitalist, Egyptian media investor. in: Ratta, D., Sakr, N. and Skovgaard-Petersen, J. (ed.) Arab media moguls London I.B. Tauris. pp. 147-164

Co-producing content for pan-Arab children's TV: state, business, and the workplace
Steemers, J. and Sakr, N. 2015. Co-producing content for pan-Arab children's TV: state, business, and the workplace. in: Banks, M., Conor, B. and Mayer, V. (ed.) Production studies, the sequel!: cultural studies of global media industries London Routledge. pp. 238-250

Les migrations arabes vers l'Europe méditerranéenne sous le prisme des télévisions panarabes
Sakr, N. 2014. Les migrations arabes vers l'Europe méditerranéenne sous le prisme des télévisions panarabes. in: Mattelart, T. (ed.) Médias et migrations dans l'espace euro-méditerranéen (French) France Editions Mare et Martin. pp. 181-204

Transformations in Egyptian Journalism
Sakr, N. 2013. Transformations in Egyptian Journalism. London I.B. Tauris.

Where Arab media magnates stand vis-a-vis globalized media flows: insights from Egypt and Saudi Arabia
Sakr, N. 2013. Where Arab media magnates stand vis-a-vis globalized media flows: insights from Egypt and Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Communication. 7, pp. 2285-2302.

‘We cannot let it loose’: geopolitics, security and reform in Jordanian broadcasting
Sakr, N. 2013. ‘We cannot let it loose’: geopolitics, security and reform in Jordanian broadcasting. in: Guaaybess, T. (ed.) National broadcasting and state policy in Arab countries Basingstoke Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 96-116

Transformations in Egyptian journalism
Sakr, N. 2013. Transformations in Egyptian journalism. London I.B. Tauris.

Social media, television talk shows, and political change in Egypt
Sakr, N. 2013. Social media, television talk shows, and political change in Egypt. Television & New Media. 14 (4), pp. 322-337. https://doi.org/10.1177/1527476412463446

Public service initiatives in Arab media today
Sakr, N. 2012. Public service initiatives in Arab media today. in: Lowe, G.F. and Steemers, J. (ed.) Regaining the initiative for public service media Göteborg Nordicom. pp. 183-198

From satellite to screen: how Arab TV is shaped in space
Sakr, N. 2012. From satellite to screen: how Arab TV is shaped in space. in: Parks, L. and Schwoch, J. (ed.) Down to earth: satellite technologies, industries and cultures New Jersey Rutgers University Press. pp. 143-155

Placing political economy in relation to cultural studies: reflections on the case of cinema in Saudi Arabia
Sakr, N. 2011. Placing political economy in relation to cultural studies: reflections on the case of cinema in Saudi Arabia. in: Sabry, T. (ed.) Arab cultural studies: mapping the field London I.B. Tauris.

Enriching or impoverishing discourse on human rights? Talk about freedom of expression on Arab television
Sakr, N. 2010. Enriching or impoverishing discourse on human rights? Talk about freedom of expression on Arab television. Middle East Journal of Culture and Communication. 3 (1), pp. 101-119. https://doi.org/10.1163/187398609X12584657078240

News, transparency and the effectiveness of reporting from inside Arab dictatorships
Sakr, N. 2010. News, transparency and the effectiveness of reporting from inside Arab dictatorships. International Communication Gazette. 72 (1), pp. 35-50. https://doi.org/10.1177/1748048509350337

Le public et les 'questions de société' sur les chaînes arabes
Sakr, N. 2009. Le public et les 'questions de société' sur les chaînes arabes. in: Gonzalez-Quijano, Y. and Guaaybess, T. (ed.) Les Arabes parlent aux Arabes: La revolution de l'information dans le monde arabe Paris Editions Sindbad (Actes Sud). pp. 180-190

Is the Arab TV viewer a king or a pawn? How Arab broadcasters deal with schedules and audience data
Sakr, N. 2009. Is the Arab TV viewer a king or a pawn? How Arab broadcasters deal with schedules and audience data. in: Heinemann, A., Lamloum, O. and Weber, A.F. (ed.) The Middle East in the media: conflicts, censorship and public opinion London Saqi Books. pp. 131-146

Fragmentation or consolidation? Factors in the Oprah-ization of social talk on multi-channel Arab TV
Sakr, N. 2009. Fragmentation or consolidation? Factors in the Oprah-ization of social talk on multi-channel Arab TV. in: Turner, G. and Tay, J. (ed.) Television studies after TV: understanding television in the post-broadcast era Abingdon Routledge. pp. 168-177

Gaps in the market: insights from scholarly work on Arab media economics
Sakr, N. 2008. Gaps in the market: insights from scholarly work on Arab media economics. in: Hafez, K. (ed.) Arab media: power and weakness London Continuum. pp. 195-198

Egyptian TV in the grip of government: politics before profit in a fluid Pan-Arab market
Sakr, N. 2008. Egyptian TV in the grip of government: politics before profit in a fluid Pan-Arab market. in: Ward, D. (ed.) Television and public policy: change and continuity in an era of global liberalization New York Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. pp. 265-281

Oil, arms and media: how US interventionalism shapes Arab TV
Sakr, N. 2008. Oil, arms and media: how US interventionalism shapes Arab TV. Journal für Entwicklungspolitik. 2008/1, pp. 57-81.

Women and media in Saudi Arabia: rhetoric, reductionism and realities
Sakr, N. 2008. Women and media in Saudi Arabia: rhetoric, reductionism and realities. British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies. 35 (3), pp. 385-404. https://doi.org/10.1080/13530190802525197

Diversity and diaspora: Arab communities and satellite communication in Europe
Sakr, N. 2008. Diversity and diaspora: Arab communities and satellite communication in Europe. Global Media and Communication. 4 (3), pp. 277-300. https://doi.org/10.1177/1742766508096082

Challenger or lackey?: The politics of news on Al-Jazeera
Sakr, N. 2007. Challenger or lackey?: The politics of news on Al-Jazeera. in: Thussu, D.K. (ed.) Media on the move: global flow and contra-flow London, UK Routledge.

Arab television today
Sakr, N. 2007. Arab television today. London, UK I.B. Tauris.

Approaches to exploring media-politics connections in the Arab world
Sakr, N. 2007. Approaches to exploring media-politics connections in the Arab world. in: Sakr, N. (ed.) Arab media and political renewal: community, legitimacy and public life London I.B. Tauris.

Challenger or lackey? The politics of news on al-Jazeera
Sakr, N. 2006. Challenger or lackey? The politics of news on al-Jazeera. in: Thussu, D.K. (ed.) Media on the move: global flow and contra-flow London, UK Routledge.

Foreign support for media freedom advocacy in the Arab Mediterranean: globalization from above or below?
Sakr, N. 2006. Foreign support for media freedom advocacy in the Arab Mediterranean: globalization from above or below? Mediterranean Politics. 11 (1), pp. 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1080/13629390500490361

Women, development and Al Jazeera: a balance sheet
Sakr, N. 2005. Women, development and Al Jazeera: a balance sheet. in: Zayani, M. (ed.) The Al Jazeera phenomenon: critical perspectives on new Arab media London, UK Pluto. pp. 127-149

Media policy in the Middle East: a reappraisal
Sakr, N. 2005. Media policy in the Middle East: a reappraisal. in: Curran, J. and Gurevitch, M. (ed.) Mass Media and Society. 4th edition London, UK Hodder Arnold. pp. 234-250

Women and media in the Middle East: an introductory overview
Sakr, N. 2004. Women and media in the Middle East: an introductory overview. in: Sakr, N. (ed.) Women and media in the Middle East: power through self-expression London, UK I.B. Tauris.

Freedom of expression, accountability and development in the Arab region
Sakr, N. 2003. Freedom of expression, accountability and development in the Arab region. Journal of Human Development. 4 (1), pp. 29-46. https://doi.org/10.1080/1464988032000051478

Satellite realms: transnational television, globalization, and the Middle East
Sakr, N. 2002. Satellite realms: transnational television, globalization, and the Middle East. London, UK I.B. Tauris.