Title | A Coxsackievirus B1-mediated nonlytic Extracellular Vesicle-to-cell mechanism of virus transmission and its possible control through modulation of EV release |
---|
Type | Journal article |
---|
Authors | Jorfi, S., Ansa-Addo, E.A., Mariniello, K., Warde, P., Bin Senian, A.A., Stratton, D., Bax, B.E., Levene, M., Lange, S. and Inal, J.M. |
---|
Abstract | Like most non-enveloped viruses, CVB1 mainly uses cell lysis to spread. Details of a nonlytic virus transmission remain unclear. Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) transfer biomolecules between cells. We show that CVB1 entry into HeLa cells results in apoptosis and release of CVB1-induced ‘medium-sized’ EVs (CVB1i-mEVs). These mEVs (100–300 nm) harbour CVB1 as shown by immunoblotting with anti-CVB1-antibody; viral capsids were detected by transmission electron microscopy and RT-PCR revealed CVB1 RNA. The percentage of mEVs released from CVB1-infected HeLa cells harbouring virus was estimated from TEM at 34 %. Inhibition of CVB1i-mEV production, with calpeptin or siRNA knockdown of CAPNS1 in HeLa cells limited spread of CVB1 suggesting these vesicles disseminate CVB1 virions to new host cells by a nonlytic EV-to-cell mechanism. This was confirmed by detecting CVB1 virions inside HeLa cells after co-culture with CVB1i-mEVs; EV release may also prevent apoptosis of infected cells whilst spreading apoptosis to secondary sites of infection. |
---|
Keywords | coxsackievirus B1 |
---|
| extracellular vesicles and nonlytic transmission |
---|
Article number | 001884 |
---|
Journal | Journal of General Virology |
---|
Journal citation | 104 (9) |
---|
ISSN | 1465-2099 |
---|
| 0022-1317 |
---|
Year | 2023 |
---|
Publisher | Microbiology Society |
---|
Accepted author manuscript | File Access Level Open (open metadata and files) |
---|
Publisher's version | File Access Level Open (open metadata and files) |
---|
Digital Object Identifier (DOI) | https://doi.org/10.1099/jgv.0.001884 |
---|
PubMed ID | 37665326 |
---|
Web address (URL) | https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/jgv.0.001884 |
---|
Publication dates |
---|
Published | 04 Sep 2023 |
---|