Stroma Cole, Paula Tallman, Gabriela Salmon-Mulanovich and Binahayati Rusyidi 2024. Water insecurity is associated with gender-based violence: A mixed-methods study in Indonesia. Social Science & Medicine. 34 116507. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116507
| Title | Water insecurity is associated with gender-based violence: A mixed-methods study in Indonesia |
|---|---|
| Type | Journal article |
| Authors | Stroma Cole, Paula Tallman, Gabriela Salmon-Mulanovich and Binahayati Rusyidi |
| Abstract | Gender Based Violence (GBV) is a global pandemic and water insecurity is increasing in intensity and extent. This study explores the association between these two global health threats. Cross-sectional, quantitative data were collected via surveys (n = 365 adult women) to measure household water insecurity (HWI) and women's experiences of GBV in the last year. Qualitative data were collected from semi-structured interviews (n = 24 men and women), two focus group discussions (n = 25 men and women) and a multi-stakeholder meeting (n = 35 men and women) to explore experiences, attitudes and risk factors associated with HWI and GBV. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that women in water insecure households were more than twice as likely to report experiencing GBV in the last year (OR = 2.2, CI: 1.0–4.9, p = 0.051). Examining household water insecurity scores as a continuous variable revealed an increased odds of reporting GBV with each increase in the HWISE score (OR = 1.1, CI: 1.0; 1.1, p < 0.001). Qualitative data indicates that the intersection between HWI, a patriarchal social organization and a caste system produced water-related conflicts between intimate partners, between daughters-in-law and their in-laws, and between masters and enslaved women. These results are presented using an integrated theoretical framework – a Feminist Political Ecology of Health (FPEH) – to illustrate the many ways women encounter and experience multi-dimensional forms of violence across scales in connection to water insecurity. The combination of robust qualitative and quantitative data presented in this study suggests that HWI may be causally related to GBV in this context. |
| Article number | 116507 |
| Journal | Social Science & Medicine |
| Journal citation | 34 |
| ISSN | 1873-5347 |
| Year | 2024 |
| Publisher | Elsevier |
| Publisher's version | License CC BY 4.0 File Access Level Open (open metadata and files) |
| Digital Object Identifier (DOI) | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116507 |
| PubMed ID | 38340386 |
| Web address (URL) | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116507 |
| Publication dates | |
| Published online | 17 Dec 2023 |
| Published in print | 2024 |
Gender, Human Rights and Water Governance in Indonesia
Stroma Cole, Paula Skye Tallman, Gabriela Salmón-Mulanovich, Binahayati Rusyidi and Yesaya Sandang 2025. Forthcoming. Gender, Human Rights and Water Governance in Indonesia. in: Tatiana Acevedo-Guerrero, Lisa Bossenbroek, Irene Leonardelli, Margreet Zwarteveen and Seema Kulkarni (ed.) Routledge Handbook of Gender and Water Governance Routledge.
Gender justice in global tourism: exploring tourism transformation through the lens of feminist alternative economics
Angela B. Kalisch and Stroma Cole 2025. Forthcoming. Gender justice in global tourism: exploring tourism transformation through the lens of feminist alternative economics. in: Raymond Rastegar, Freya Higgins-Desbiolles and Lisa Ruhanen (ed.) Tourism, Global Crises and Justice: Tourism Transition to a More Just and Sustainable Future Routledge.
Human Rights: How Water Insecurity Impacts Women’s Health
Paula Skye Tallman, Stroma Cole, Gabriela Salmón-Mulanovich, and Binahayati Rusyidi 2024. Human Rights: How Water Insecurity Impacts Women’s Health. Sapiens.
Identifying ordinal categories for the Water Insecurity Experiences Scales
Edward A. Frongillo, Hilary J. Bethancourt, Joshua D. Miller, Sera L. Young, The Household Water Insecurity Experiences Scales (HWISE)-Research Coordination Network (RCN) and Stroma Cole 2024. Identifying ordinal categories for the Water Insecurity Experiences Scales. Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development. 14 (11), pp. 1066-1078. https://doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2024.042
Gender based water violence: cross cultural evidence of severe harm associated with water insecurity for women and girls
Tallman, P., Salmon‐Mulanovich, G., Archdeacon, N., Kothadia, A., Lopez Flores, L., Castañeda, K., Collins, S., Rusyidi, B. and Cole, S. 2024. Gender based water violence: cross cultural evidence of severe harm associated with water insecurity for women and girls. Violence Against Women. Advanced online publication. https://doi.org/10.1177/10778012241230323
Teenage Pregnancy in Tambogrande, Peru: Causes, Consequences and Cycles of Violence and Disadvantage
Archdeacon, N., Salmon-Mulanovich, G., Lopez Florez, L., Kothadia, A., Castañeda, K., Rusyidi, B., Cole, S. and Tallman, P. 2024. Teenage Pregnancy in Tambogrande, Peru: Causes, Consequences and Cycles of Violence and Disadvantage. Culture, Health & Sexuality. 26 (4), pp. 563-574. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691058.2023.2193250
Tourism and Water: A Human Rights Perspective to Enhance Sustainable Tourism
Cole, S. and Sandang, Y. 2023. Tourism and Water: A Human Rights Perspective to Enhance Sustainable Tourism. in: Korstanje, M.E. and Gowreesunkar, V.G.B (ed.) Global Perspectives on Human Rights and the Impact of Tourism Consumption in the 21st Century IGI Global. pp. 13-35
Wayfinding Resilience
Movono, A., Ooi, C-S., Hardy, A., Muslin, M. and Cole, S. 2023. Wayfinding Resilience. in: Islands and Resilience: Experiences from the Pandemic Era Springer. pp. 65-80
Water insecurity and gender‐based violence: A global review of the evidence
Paula S. Tallman, Shalean Collins, Gabriela Salmon‐Mulanovich, Binahayati Rusyidi, Aman Kothadia and Stroma Cole 2023. Water insecurity and gender‐based violence: A global review of the evidence. WIREs Water. 10 (1) e1619. https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1619
Gender justice in global tourism: exploring tourism transformation through the lens of feminist alternative economics
Kalisch, A.B. and Cole, S. 2023. Gender justice in global tourism: exploring tourism transformation through the lens of feminist alternative economics. Journal of Sustainable Tourism . 31 (12), pp. 2698-2715. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2022.2108819
Using a human rights approach to improve hotels’ water use and sustainability
Yesaya Sandang and Stroma Cole 2023. Using a human rights approach to improve hotels’ water use and sustainability. Journal of Sustainable Tourism . 31 (10), pp. 2337-2355. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2022.2108041
Policy Brief: Water insecurity and Gender Based Violence: Exploring Links and Steps for Prevention
Cole, S., Tallman, P., Rusyidi, B., Mulanovic, G.S., Hebi, M. and Tulis, M. 2022. Policy Brief: Water insecurity and Gender Based Violence: Exploring Links and Steps for Prevention.
Household water insecurity will complicate the ongoing COVID-19 response: Evidence from 29 sites in 23 low- and middle-income countries
Stoler, J., Miller, J.D., Brewis, A., Freeman, M.C., Harris, L.M., Jepson, W., Pearson, A.L., Rosinger, A.Y., Shah, S.H., Staddon, C., Workman, C., Wutich, A., Young, S.L., Adams, E., Ahmed, F., Alexander, M., Asiki, G., Balogun, M., Boivin, M.J., Carrillo, G., Chapman, K., Cole, S., Collins, S.M., Eini-Zinab, H., Escobar-Vargas, J., Ghattas, H., Ghorbani, M., Hagaman, A., Hawley, N., Jamaluddine, Z., Krishnakumar, D., Maes, K., Mathad, J., Maupin, J., Owuor, P.M., Melgar-Quiñonez, H., Morales, M.M., Moran, J., Omidvar, N., Rasheed, S., Samayoa-Figueroa, L., Sánchez-Rodriguez, E.C., Santoso, M.V., Schuster, R.C., Sheikhi, M., Srivastava, S., Sullivan, A., Tesfaye, Y., Triviño, N., Trowell, A., Tshala-Katumbay, D. and Tutu, R. 2021. Household water insecurity will complicate the ongoing COVID-19 response: Evidence from 29 sites in 23 low- and middle-income countries. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health. 234 113715. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2021.113715
The Household Water Insecurity Experiences (HWISE) Scale: comparison scores from 27 sites in 22 countries
Stoler, J., Miller, J., Adams, E., Ahmed, F., Alexander, Mallika, Asiki, Gershim, Balogun, M., Boivin, Michael J., Brewis, A., Carrillo, Genny, Chapman, K., Cole, S., Collins, Shalean M., Escobar-Vargas, Jorge, Eini-Zinab, Hassan, Freeman, M., Ghorbani, Monet, Hagaman, A., Hawley, Nicola, Jamaluddine, Z., Jepson, W., Krishnakumar, Divya, Maes, Kenneth, Mathad, J., Maupin, J., Owuor, Patrick Mbullo, Morales, Milton Marin, Morán-Martínez, J., Omidvar, N., Pearson, A., Rasheed, Sabrina, Rosinger, A., Samayoa-Figueroa, Luisa, Sánchez-Rodríguez, E., Santoso, M., Schuster, R., Sheikhi, Mahdieh, Srivastava, Sonali, Staddon, C., Sullivan, A., Tesfaye, Y., Trowell, A., Tshala-Katumbay, Desire, Tutu, Raymond, Workman, C., Wutich, A. and Young, S. 2021. The Household Water Insecurity Experiences (HWISE) Scale: comparison scores from 27 sites in 22 countries. Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development. 11 (6), pp. 1102-1110. https://doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2021.108
Making an impact on Bali's water crisis: Research to mobilize NGOs, the tourism industry and policy makers
Cole, S., Wardana, A. and Dharmiasih, W. 2021. Making an impact on Bali's water crisis: Research to mobilize NGOs, the tourism industry and policy makers. Annals of Tourism Research . 87 103119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2020.103119
Cash water expenditures are associated with household water insecurity, food insecurity, and perceived stress in study sites across 20 low- and middle-income countries
Stoler, J., Pearson, A.L., Staddon, C., Wutich, A., Mack, E., Brewis, A., Rosinger, A.Y., Adams, E., Ahmed, J.F., Alexander, M., Balogun, M., Boivin, M., Carrillo, G., Chapman, K., Cole, S., Collins, S.M., Escobar-Vargas, J., Freeman, M., Asiki, G., Ghattas, H., Hagaman, A., Jamaluddine, Z., Jepson, W., Maes, K., Mathad, J., Mbullo, P., Melgar-Quiñonez, H., Miller, J., Niesluchowski, M., Omidvar, N., Samayoa-Figueroa, L., Sánchez-Rodríguez, E.C., Santoso, M.V., Schuster, R.C., Sullivan, A., Tesfaye, Y., Triviño, N., Trowell, A., Tshala-Katumbay, D., Tutu, R.A., Young, S.L. and Zinab, H. 2020. Cash water expenditures are associated with household water insecurity, food insecurity, and perceived stress in study sites across 20 low- and middle-income countries. Science of the Total Environment. 716 135881. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135881
Household water insecurity is strongly associated with food insecurity: Evidence from 27 sites in low- and middle-income countries
Brewis, A., Workman, C., Wutich, A., Jepson, W., Young, S., Adams, E., Ahmed, J.F., Alexander, M., Balogun, M., Boivin, M., Carrillo, G., Chapman, K., Cole, S., Collins, S., Figueroa, L., Freeman, M., Gershim, A., Ghattas, H., Hagaman, A., Jamaluddine, Z., Tshala-Katumbay, D., Krishnakumar, D., Maes, K., Mathad, J., Maupin, J., Mbullo, P., Miller, J., Muslin, I.M., Niesluchowski, M., Omidvar, N., Pearson, A., Melgar-Quiñonez, H., Sanchez-Rodríguez, C., Rosinger, A., Santoso, M.V., Schuster, R., Srivastava, S., Staddon, C., Stoler, J., Sullivan, A., Tesfaye, Y., Triviño, N., Trowell, A., Tutu, R., Escobar-Vargar, J. and Zinab, H. 2020. Household water insecurity is strongly associated with food insecurity: Evidence from 27 sites in low- and middle-income countries. American Journal of Human Biology. 21 (1) e23309. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.23309
Validity of a four-item household water insecurity experiences scale for assessing water issues related to health and well-being
Young, S.L., Miller, J.D., Frongillo, E.A., Boateng, G.O., Jamaluddine, Z., Neilands, T.B., Brewis, A., Trowell, A., Pearson, A.L., Wutich, A., Sullivan, A., Rosinger, A.Y., Hagaman, A., Workman, C., Staddon, C., Tshala-Katumbay, D., Krishnakumar, D., Adams, E., Sánchez-Rodriguez, E.C., Carrillo, G., Asiki, G., Ghattas, H., Eini-Zinab, H., Melgar-Quiñonez, H., Ahmed, J.F., Moran-Martinez, J., Vonk, J., Maupin, J., Escobar-Vargas, J., Stoler, J., Mathad, J., Chapman, K., Maes, K., Samayoa-Figueroa, L., Sheikhi, M., Alexander, M., Santoso, M.V., Freeman, M.C., Boivin, M.J., Morales, M.M., Balogun, M., Ghorbani, M., Omidvar, N., Triviño, N., Hawley, N., Owuor, P.M., Tutu, R., Schuster, R.C., Rasheed, S., Collins, S.M., Srivastava, S., Cole, S., Jepson, W. and Tesfaye, Y. 2020. Validity of a four-item household water insecurity experiences scale for assessing water issues related to health and well-being. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 104 (1), p. 391–394. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.20-0417
Perspektif Gender dan Hak Anak dalam Bisnis dan Hak Asasi Manusia: Perempuan dan Anak di Bawah Kuasa Korporasi di Indonesia
Ahsinin, A., Prihandono, I., Banjaran Aji, S., Dewi, C., Novita, J., Elpasari,, J. N., Riyadi, E., Hadi, S., El Muhtaj, M., Wahyuningroem, S., Sandang,Y. and Cole, S. 2020. Perspektif Gender dan Hak Anak dalam Bisnis dan Hak Asasi Manusia: Perempuan dan Anak di Bawah Kuasa Korporasi di Indonesia. Indonesia Elsam.
Tourism and Gender-based Violence: Challenging Inequalities
Cole, S. Vizcaino-Suárez, P., Jeffrey, H. and Eger, C. (ed.) 2020. Tourism and Gender-based Violence: Challenging Inequalities. Wallingford CABI.
“Tourism, water, and gender”—An international review of an unexplored nexus
Cole, S., Mullor, E. C. and Sandang, Y. 2020. “Tourism, water, and gender”—An international review of an unexplored nexus. WIREs Water. 7 (4) e1442. https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1442
No sustainability for tourism without gender equality
Alarcón, D. M. and Cole, S. 2019. No sustainability for tourism without gender equality. Journal of Sustainable Tourism . 27 (7), pp. 903-919. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2019.1588283
Gender Equality and Tourism: Beyond Empowerment
Cole, S. Cole, S. (ed.) 2018. Gender Equality and Tourism: Beyond Empowerment. Wallingford CABI.
Water worries: An intersectional feminist political ecology of tourism and water in Labuan Bajo, Indonesia
Cole, S. 2017. Water worries: An intersectional feminist political ecology of tourism and water in Labuan Bajo, Indonesia. Annals of Tourism Research . 67, pp. 14-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2017.07.018
A Gendered Political Ecology of Tourism and Water
Cole, S. 2016. A Gendered Political Ecology of Tourism and Water. in: Mostafanezhad, M., Norum, R., Shelton, E. J. and Thompson-Carr, A. (ed.) Political Ecology of Tourism: Community, Power and the Environment London Routledge.
Towards a Gendered Political Economy of Tourism and Water
Cole, S. and Ferguson, L. 2015. Towards a Gendered Political Economy of Tourism and Water. Tourism Geographies. 17 (4), pp. 511-528. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2015.1065509
For the Worry of Water: Water, Women and Tourism in Labuan Bajo
Cole, S. and Muslin, M. 2015. For the Worry of Water: Water, Women and Tourism in Labuan Bajo.
Tourism and water: from stakeholders to rights holders, and what tourism businesses need to do
Cole, S. 2014. Tourism and water: from stakeholders to rights holders, and what tourism businesses need to do. Journal of Sustainable Tourism . 22 (1), pp. 89-106. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2013.776062
Water Equity in Tourism: A Human Right, A Global Responsibility
Nobel R., Browne M., Cole, S., Latchford R., Nang, D. and de Gama A. 2012. Water Equity in Tourism: A Human Right, A Global Responsibility. London Tourism Concern.
A political ecology of water equity and tourism: A Case Study From Bali
Cole, S. 2012. A political ecology of water equity and tourism: A Case Study From Bali. Annals of Tourism Research . 39 (2), pp. 1221-1241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2012.01.003
Tourism and Water in Bali: a looming Crisis
Cole, S. 2011. Tourism and Water in Bali: a looming Crisis. Contours. 21 (1), pp. 14-25.
Conclusion: Tourism, inequalities and prospects
Cole, S. and Morgan, N. 2010. Conclusion: Tourism, inequalities and prospects. in: Tourism and Inequality: Problems and Prospects CABI Publishing.
Introduction: Tourism and inequalities
Cole, S. and Morgan, N. 2010. Introduction: Tourism and inequalities. in: Tourism and Inequality: Problems and Prospects CABI Publishing.
Tourism and human rights
Cole, S. and Eriksson, J. 2010. Tourism and human rights. in: Cole, S. and Morgan, N. (ed.) Tourism and inequality: problems and prospects Oxford CABI Publishing. pp. 107-125
Living in Hope: Tourism and Poverty Alleviation in Flores
Cole, S. 2008. Living in Hope: Tourism and Poverty Alleviation in Flores. in: Burns, P. and Novelli, M. (ed.) Tourism Development: Growth, Myths and Realities Oxford CABI Publishing. pp. 272-279
Sustaining Communities: Understanding the Socio-cultural and Socio-economic Impacts of Tourism
Cole, S. and James, G. 2008. Sustaining Communities: Understanding the Socio-cultural and Socio-economic Impacts of Tourism. Tourism Concern.
Implementing and evaluating a code of conduct for visitors
Cole, S. 2007. Implementing and evaluating a code of conduct for visitors. Tourism Management . 28 (2), pp. 443-451. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2006.03.010
Beyond authenticity and commodification
Cole, S. 2007. Beyond authenticity and commodification. Annals of Tourism Research . 34 (4), pp. 943-960. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2007.05.004
Tourism, Culture and Development: Hopes, Dreams and Realities in East Indonesia
Cole, S. 2007. Tourism, Culture and Development: Hopes, Dreams and Realities in East Indonesia . Clevedon Channel View Publications.
Entrepreneurship and Empowerment: Considering the barriers - a case study from Indonesia
Cole, S. 2007. Entrepreneurship and Empowerment: Considering the barriers - a case study from Indonesia. Tourism: An International Interdisciplinary Journal. 55 (4), pp. 461-473.
Community Development and Entrepreneurial Activity
Cole, S. and Harris, C. 2007. Community Development and Entrepreneurial Activity. Tourism: An International Interdisciplinary Journal. 55 (4), pp. 371-373.
Cultural tourism, community participation and empowerment
Cole, S. 2006. Cultural tourism, community participation and empowerment. in: Smith, M. and Robinson, M. (ed.) Cultural Tourism in a Changing World: Politics, Participation and (Re)presentation Cleveland Channel View Publications. pp. 89-103
Information and Empowerment: The Keys to Achieving Sustainable Tourism
Cole, S. 2006. Information and Empowerment: The Keys to Achieving Sustainable Tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism . 14 (6), pp. 629-644. https://doi.org/10.2167/jost607.0
The Hidden Power: The role of NGOs and the consequences of consumer choices
Cole, S. 2006. The Hidden Power: The role of NGOs and the consequences of consumer choices.
Hospitality and Tourism in Ngadha: An Ethnographic Exploration
Cole, S. 2006. Hospitality and Tourism in Ngadha: An Ethnographic Exploration. in: Lynch, P., Morrison, A. and Lashley, C. (ed.) Hospitality: a social lens London Elsevier. pp. 61-71
Community education
Cole, S. 2005. Community education. in: Airey, D. and Tribe, J. (ed.) An International Handbook of Tourism Education Taylor & Francis. pp. 395-410
Action ethnography: using participant observation
Cole, S. 2005. Action ethnography: using participant observation. in: Ritchie, B. W., Burns, P. and Palmer, C. (ed.) Tourism research methods: integrating theory with practice Wallingford CABI Publishing. pp. 63-72
Action Anthropology: Methodological Innovations in Tourism Research
Cole, S. 2005. Action Anthropology: Methodological Innovations in Tourism Research. Tourism Recreation Research. 30 (2), pp. 65-72. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2005.11081474
Community Tourism Education: case study from Ngadha, Flores, Indonesia
Cole, S. 2005. Community Tourism Education: case study from Ngadha, Flores, Indonesia. in: Airey, D. and Tribe, J. (ed.) An International Handbook of Tourism Education Oxford Elsevier. pp. 395-410
Shared Benefits? Longitudinal Research in Eastern Indonesia
Cole, S. 2004. Shared Benefits? Longitudinal Research in Eastern Indonesia. in: Goodson, L. and Phillimore, J. (ed.) Qualitative Research in Tourism: Epistemologies, Ontologies and Methodologies London Routledge.
Cultural values in conflict: case study from Ngadha, Flores, Indonesia
Cole, S. 2004. Cultural values in conflict: case study from Ngadha, Flores, Indonesia. Tourism: An International Interdisciplinary Journal. 52 (1), pp. 91-101.
Appropriated meanings: Megaliths and tourism in Eastern Indonesia
Cole, S. 2003. Appropriated meanings: Megaliths and tourism in Eastern Indonesia. Indonesia and the Malay World . 31 (89), pp. 140-150. https://doi.org/10.1080/13639810304448
Methodological Innovations in North-South Tourism Research: Action Anthropology- New Fieldwork Methods
Cole, S. 2001. Methodological Innovations in North-South Tourism Research: Action Anthropology- New Fieldwork Methods. 7th ATLAS International Conference. Savonlinna, Finland 18 - 21 Jun 2000 University of Joensuu.
Mot en mer moralsk turisme?
Cole, S. and Viken, A. 2001. Mot en mer moralsk turisme? in: Viken. A. (ed.) Turisme: Tradisjoner og trender Gyldendal akademisk.
Post-modern tourist typologies: Case study from Flores, Indonesia
Cole, S. 2000. Post-modern tourist typologies: Case study from Flores, Indonesia. in: Robinson, M., Long, P., Evans, N., Sharpley, R. and Swarbrooke, J. (ed.) Tourism and Heritage Relationships: Global, National and Local Perspectives Business Education Publishers Ltd..
Education for participation: The villagers' perspective - a case study from Ngada, Flores
Cole, S. 1999. Education for participation: The villagers' perspective - a case study from Ngada, Flores. Bras, K., Dahles, H., Gunawan and Richards (ed.) ATLAS Asia Inauguration Conference. Bandung, Indonesia 05 - 07 Jul 1999
Tradition and Tourism: Dilemmas in Sustainable Tourism Development: A Case Study from the Ngada Region of Flores, Indonesia
Cole, S. 1998. Tradition and Tourism: Dilemmas in Sustainable Tourism Development: A Case Study from the Ngada Region of Flores, Indonesia. Antropologi Indonesia. 56, pp. 37-46. https://doi.org/10.7454/ai.v0i56.3338
Cultural Heritage Tourism, the Villagers' Perspective. Case Study from Ngada, Flores
Cole, S. 1997. Cultural Heritage Tourism, the Villagers' Perspective. Case Study from Ngada, Flores. in: Nuryanti, W. (ed.) Tourism and Heritage Management Yogyakarta, Indonesia Gadjah Mada University Press.
Anthropologists, local communities and sustainable tourism development
Cole, S. 1997. Anthropologists, local communities and sustainable tourism development. in: Stabler, M. J. (ed.) Tourism and sustainability: principles to practice Wallingford CABI Publishing. pp. 219-230
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