Mann, Val, Huber, Christene, Kogianni, Giolanta, Collins, Frances and Noble, Brendon 2007. The antioxidant effect of estrogen and Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators in the inhibition of osteocyte apoptosis in vitro. Bone. 40 (3), pp. 674-684. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2006.10.014
| Title | The antioxidant effect of estrogen and Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators in the inhibition of osteocyte apoptosis in vitro |
|---|---|
| Type | Journal article |
| Authors | Mann, Val, Huber, Christene, Kogianni, Giolanta, Collins, Frances and Noble, Brendon |
| Abstract | Withdrawal of estrogen represents the primary factor determining post menopausal bone loss and has been associated with negative indicators of bone quality including the apoptotic death of osteocytes in vivo. While hormone replacement therapy in the form of Estrogen or Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs) demonstrates clear estrogen receptor (ER)-mediated benefits to bone mass, less is known regarding the mechanism of action of these compounds in the maintenance of bone cell populations. We have investigated the potential antioxidant effects of estrogen, estrogen derivatives and the SERMs Raloxifene and LY117018 in the prevention of oxidative stress induced apoptosis in the osteocyte like cell line MLO-Y4. Treatment of MLO-Y4 with 0.3 mM H2O2 induced apoptosis that was significantly inhibited (p ≤ 0.002) when the cells were pre-treated for 1 h with either 17β-estradiol, Raloxifene or LY117018 (10 nM). The stereoisomer 17α-estradiol also prevented H2O2 induced apoptosis in MLO-Y4. Importantly, pre-treatment of ER-negative HEK293 cells with either 1 μM, 100 nM or 10 nM 17β-estradiol, Raloxifene or LY117018 significantly inhibited H2O2 induced apoptosis in these cells (p ≤ 4.2 × 10− 5) indicating an estrogen receptor-independent effect of these compounds. Comparisons of 17β-estradiol and similar molecules containing the putative free radical scavenger C3-OH moiety on the steroid A-ring (17α-estradiol, 17α-ethinylestradiol; 10 nM) with structurally related molecules lacking the C3-OH grouping (Mestranol and Quinestrol; 10 nM) demonstrated that only compounds containing the C3-OH moiety showed anti-apoptotic behavior in these studies (p ≤ 0.0033). Similarly the identification of the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells as evidenced by the free radical indicator 2′7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate demonstrated that 17β-estradiol, SERMs and related molecules with C3-OH moiety were capable of blocking ROS generated in cells by H2O2 (p ≤ 0.002) while Mestranol and Quinestrol showed no such blockade. It is possible that the loss of osteocytes during estrogen insufficiency may occur through a failure to suppress the activity of naturally occurring or disease associated oxidant molecules. These data suggest that the osteocyte protective effects of estrogen and SERMs may operate through a common receptor-independent mechanism which may be related to the antioxidant activity of these molecules. |
| Journal | Bone |
| Journal citation | 40 (3), pp. 674-684 |
| ISSN | 1873-2763 |
| 8756-3282 | |
| Year | 2007 |
| Publisher | Elsevier |
| Digital Object Identifier (DOI) | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2006.10.014 |
| Web address (URL) | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2006.10.014 |
| Publication dates | |
| Published | Mar 2007 |
Dual production of polyhydroxyalkanoates and antibacterial/antiviral gold nanoparticles
McCormick, A.L., Basnett, P., Vecchiato, V., Wright, E., Noble, B., Marcello, E. and Paxinou, A. 2023. Dual production of polyhydroxyalkanoates and antibacterial/antiviral gold nanoparticles. Frontiers in Nanotechnology. 5 1243056. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnano.2023.1243056
Curcumin and N-Acetylcysteine Nanocarriers Alone or Combined with Deferoxamine Target the Mitochondria and Protect against Neurotoxicity and Oxidative Stress in a Co-Culture Model of Parkinson’s Disease
Mursaleen, L., Chan, S., Noble, B., Somavarapu, S. and Zariwala, M. 2023. Curcumin and N-Acetylcysteine Nanocarriers Alone or Combined with Deferoxamine Target the Mitochondria and Protect against Neurotoxicity and Oxidative Stress in a Co-Culture Model of Parkinson’s Disease. Antioxidants. 12 (1) 130. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12010130
Enhanced production of biobased, biodegradable, Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) using an unexplored marine bacterium Pseudohalocynthiibacter aestuariivivens, isolated from highly polluted coastal environment.
Esposito, Fortunato Palma, Vecchiato, Vittoria, Buonocore, Carmine, Tedesco, Pietro, Noble, Brendon, Basnett, Pooja and de Pascale, Donatella 2023. Enhanced production of biobased, biodegradable, Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) using an unexplored marine bacterium Pseudohalocynthiibacter aestuariivivens, isolated from highly polluted coastal environment. Bioresource Technology. 368, p. 128287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128287
N-Acetylcysteine Nanocarriers Protect against Oxidative Stress in a Cellular Model of Parkinson's Disease
Mursaleen, Leah, Noble, Brendon, Chan, S., Somavarapu, Satyanarayana and Zariwala, M. 2020. N-Acetylcysteine Nanocarriers Protect against Oxidative Stress in a Cellular Model of Parkinson's Disease. Antioxidants. 9 (7), p. 600. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9070600
Non-formal physical education influence on health related physical fitness of children
Sarkauskiene, Asta, Noble, Brendon, Kardeliene, Laimute and Noble, Brendon 2019. Non-formal physical education influence on health related physical fitness of children. SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference. 4, pp. 252-267. https://doi.org/10.17770/sie2019vol4.3865
Techniques for the study of apoptosis in bone
Mann, V. and Noble, B. 2019. Techniques for the study of apoptosis in bone. in: Idris, A.I. (ed.) Bone research protocols Springer. pp. 451-465
Is elite sport a driver for medical advance? ; Ar didelio meistriškumo sportas skatina medicinos pažangą?
Noble, Brendon 2016. Is elite sport a driver for medical advance? ; Ar didelio meistriškumo sportas skatina medicinos pažangą? Sport Science. 1 (86), pp. 2-7. https://doi.org/10.15823/sm.2016.1
3-D printouts of the tracheobronchial tree generated from CT images as an aid to management in a case of tracheobronchial chondromalacia caused by relapsing polychondritis
Tam, Matthew D.B.S., Laycock, Stephen, Jayne, David, Babar, Judith and Noble, Brendon 2013. 3-D printouts of the tracheobronchial tree generated from CT images as an aid to management in a case of tracheobronchial chondromalacia caused by relapsing polychondritis. Journal of Radiology Case Reports. 7 (8), pp. 34-43. https://doi.org/10.3941/jrcr.v7i8.1390
Osteocyte apoptosis
Jilka, Robert L., Noble, Brendon and Weinstein, Robert S. 2013. Osteocyte apoptosis. Bone. 54 (2), pp. 264-271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2012.11.038
Directed osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem/precursor cells on silicate substituted calcium phosphate
Cameron, Kate, Travers, Paul, Chander, Chaman, Buckland, Tom, Campion, Charlie and Noble, Brendon 2013. Directed osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem/precursor cells on silicate substituted calcium phosphate. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A. 101A (1), pp. 13-22. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.34261
Assessment of a preclinical model for studying the survival and engraftment of human stem cell derived osteogenic cell populations following orthotopic implantation
Tremoleda, J.L., Khan, N.S., Mann, V., Racey, S.N., Martin, A.J., Simpson, A.H.W.R. and Noble, B. 2012. Assessment of a preclinical model for studying the survival and engraftment of human stem cell derived osteogenic cell populations following orthotopic implantation. Journal of Musculoskeletal Neuronal Interactions. 12 (4), pp. 241-253.
Techniques for the Study of Apoptosis in Bone
Riahi, Sudeh, Noble, Brendon and Noble, B. 2011. Techniques for the Study of Apoptosis in Bone. in: Miep H. Helfrich and Stuart H. Ralston (ed.) Bone Research Protocols. 2nd edition Springer Nature. pp. 335-349
Collaborative project to co-ordinate care for patients with dementia.
Kennerley, D., Bolas, R., Bourne, J., Branson, K., Cavenagh, P., Collins, G., Coveney, N., Day, N., Hardman, M., Hayter, S., Fenner, P., Jones, J., Jordan, S., Noble, B., Osbourne, S., Smith, C. and Wigens, L. 2011. Collaborative project to co-ordinate care for patients with dementia. Nursing Management. 18 (2), pp. 27-31. https://doi.org/10.7748/nm2011.05.18.2.27.c8484
Laser microdissection and pressure catapulting of single human motor neurons for RNA editing analysis
Sun, H., Raja, A., O’Connell, M.A., Mann, V., Noble, B. and Keegan, L.P. 2011. Laser microdissection and pressure catapulting of single human motor neurons for RNA editing analysis. in: RNA and DNA Editing: Methods and Protocols Humana Press. pp. 75–87
Blunting of adaptive responses to resistance exercise training in women over 75y
Greig, C.A., Gray, C., Rankin, D., Young, A., Mann, V., Noble, B. and Atherton, P.J. 2011. Blunting of adaptive responses to resistance exercise training in women over 75y. Experimental Gerontology. 46 (11), pp. 884-890. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2011.07.010
A novel method for the directed osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem/precursor cells
B. Noble, C. Chander, T. Buckland and K.R. Cameron 2010. A novel method for the directed osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem/precursor cells. Bone. 47 (Supp.1), p. S128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2010.04.283
Development of stem cell carriers for bone regeneration
Hou, Q.P., Spadaccino, A., Hughes, O., Dauphin, D.S. and Noble, B.S. 2009. Development of stem cell carriers for bone regeneration. European Cells and Materials. 18 (Supp. 1), p. 41.
The role of estrogen in the repair of osteocytes following physical injury in vitro
V. Mann, L. Kitto and B. Noble 2009. The role of estrogen in the repair of osteocytes following physical injury in vitro. Bone. 44 (Supp.1), p. S62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2009.01.028
TGF β 3 and loading increases osteocyte survival in human cancellous bone cultured ex vivo
Simpson, Angharad E., Stoddart, Martin J., Davies, Catrin M., Jähn, Katharina, Furlong, Pamela I., Gasser, Jürg A., Jones, David B., Noble, Brendon S. and Richards, Robert G. 2009. TGF β 3 and loading increases osteocyte survival in human cancellous bone cultured ex vivo. Cell Biochemistry & Function. 27 (1), pp. 23-29. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbf.1529
The biology of osteocytes
Kogianni, Giolanta and Noble, Brendon S. 2009. The biology of osteocytes. Current Osteoporosis Reports. 5, pp. 81-86. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11914-007-0007-z
The role of the osteocyte in bone turnover
Brendon Noble 2008. The role of the osteocyte in bone turnover. Bone. 43 (Supp. 1), p. S22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2008.07.258
The osteocyte lineage
Noble, Brendon S. 2008. The osteocyte lineage. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 473 (2), pp. 106-111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abb.2008.04.009
Apoptotic Bodies Convey Activity Capable of Initiating Osteoclastogenesis and Localized Bone Destruction
Kogianni, Giolanta, Mann, Val and Noble, Brendon S. 2008. Apoptotic Bodies Convey Activity Capable of Initiating Osteoclastogenesis and Localized Bone Destruction. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. 23 (6), pp. 915-927. https://doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.080207
Bone tissue formation from human embryonic stem cells in vivo
Tremoleda, Jordi, Forsyth, Nicholas, Khan, Nusrat, Wojtacha, Davina, Christodoulou, Ioannis, Tye, B.J., Racey, Seth, Collinshaw, S., Sottile, Virginie, Thomson, Alison, Simpson, Hamish, Noble, Brendon and McWhir, Jim 2008. Bone tissue formation from human embryonic stem cells in vivo. Cloning and Stem Cells. 10 (1), pp. 119-132. https://doi.org/10.1089/clo.2007.0r36
Ex Vivo bone formation in bovine trabecular bone cultured in a dynamic 3D bioreactor is enhanced by compressive mechanical strain
David, Valentin, Guignandon, Alain, Martin, Aline, Malaval, Luc, Lafage-Proust, Marie-Hélène, Rattner, Aline, Mann, Val, Noble, Brendon, Jones, David, B. and Vico, Laurence 2008. Ex Vivo bone formation in bovine trabecular bone cultured in a dynamic 3D bioreactor is enhanced by compressive mechanical strain. Tissue Engineering Part A. 14 (1), pp. 117-126. https://doi.org/10.1089/ten.a.2007.0051
Selective estrogen receptor modulator inhibits osteocyte apoptosis during abrupt estrogen withdrawal: Implications for bone quality maintenance
Huber, C., Collishaw, S., Mosley, J.R., Reeve, J. and Noble, B.S. 2007. Selective estrogen receptor modulator inhibits osteocyte apoptosis during abrupt estrogen withdrawal: Implications for bone quality maintenance. Calcified Tissue International. 81, pp. 139-144. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-007-9049-6
Skeletal muscle IGF-I isoform expression in healthy women after isometric exercise
Greig, Carolyn A., Hameed, Mahjabeen, Young, Archie, Goldspink, Geoffrey and Noble, Brendon 2006. Skeletal muscle IGF-I isoform expression in healthy women after isometric exercise. Growth Hormone & IGF Research. 16 (5-6), pp. 373-376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ghir.2006.09.005
Physiologic Oxygen Enhances Human Embryonic Stem Cell Clonal Recovery and Reduces Chromosomal Abnormalities
Forsyth, Nicholas R., Musio, Antonio, Vezzoni, Paolo, Simpson, A. Hamish R.W., Noble, Brendon S. and McWhir, Jim 2006. Physiologic Oxygen Enhances Human Embryonic Stem Cell Clonal Recovery and Reduces Chromosomal Abnormalities. Cloning and Stem Cells. 8 (1), pp. 16-23. https://doi.org/10.1089/clo.2006.8.16
The role of growth factors and related agents in accelerating fracture healing
A. H. R. W. Simpson, L. Mills and Noble, B. 2006. The role of growth factors and related agents in accelerating fracture healing. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British volume. 88-B (6), pp. 701 - 705. https://doi.org/10.1302/0301-620x.88b6.17524
The influence of mechanical stimulation on osteocyte apoptosis and bone viability in human trabecular bone
Mann, V., Huber, C., Kogianni, G., Jones, D. and Noble, B. 2006. The influence of mechanical stimulation on osteocyte apoptosis and bone viability in human trabecular bone. Journal of Musculoskeletal Neuronal Interactions. 6 (4), pp. 408-417.
Stem cells and orthopaedic disease
McWhir, J. and Noble, B. 2005. Stem cells and orthopaedic disease. European Cells and Materials. 10 (SUPPL.2), p. 8.
Microdamage and apoptosis
Noble, B. 2005. Microdamage and apoptosis. European Journal of Morphology. 42 (1-2), pp. 91-98. https://doi.org/10.1080/09243860500096248
Fas/CD95 is associated with glucocorticoid-induced osteocyte apoptosis
Kogianni, G., Mann, V., Ebetino, F., Nuttall, M., Nijweide, P., Simpson, H. and Noble, B. 2004. Fas/CD95 is associated with glucocorticoid-induced osteocyte apoptosis. Life Sciences. 75 (24), pp. 2879-2895. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2004.04.048
Compartmentalized megakaryocyte death generates functional platelets committed to caspase-independent death
Clarke, Murray C.H., Savill, John, Jones, David B., Noble, Brendon S. and Brown, Simon B. 2003. Compartmentalized megakaryocyte death generates functional platelets committed to caspase-independent death. in: Bone Research Protocols Springer. pp. 225-236
Mechanical stimulation & cell death-shaping our bones
Noble, B. 2003. Mechanical stimulation & cell death-shaping our bones. European Cells and Materials. 5 (Suppl.2), p. 25.
Bone microdamage and cell apoptosis
Noble, B., Alini, M. and Richards, R.G. 2003. Bone microdamage and cell apoptosis. European Cells and Materials. 6, pp. 46-55.
A bone fluid flow hypothesis for muscle pump-driven capillary filtration: II Proposed role for exercise in erodible scaffold implant incorporation
Winet, H., Noble, B. and Jones, D. 2003. A bone fluid flow hypothesis for muscle pump-driven capillary filtration: II Proposed role for exercise in erodible scaffold implant incorporation. European Cells and Materials. 6. https://doi.org/10.22203/ecm.v006a01
Mechanical loading: Biphasic osteocyte survival and targeting of osteoclasts for bone destruction in rat cortical bone
Noble, B.S., Peet, N., Stevens, H.Y., Brabbs, A., Mosley, J.R., Reilly, G.C., Reeve, J., Skerry, T.M. and Lanyon, L.E. 2003. Mechanical loading: Biphasic osteocyte survival and targeting of osteoclasts for bone destruction in rat cortical bone. American Journal of Physiology: Cell Physiology. 284 (4), pp. C934-C943. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00234.2002
The effect of in vivo mechanical loading on estrogen receptor α expression in rat ulnar osteocytes
Ehrlich, P.J., Noble, B.S., Jessop, H.L., Stevens, H.Y., Mosley, J.R. and Lanyon, L.E. 2002. The effect of in vivo mechanical loading on estrogen receptor α expression in rat ulnar osteocytes. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. 17 (9), pp. 1646-1655. https://doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.2002.17.9.1646
Osteocyte lacunar occupancy in the femoral neck cortex: An association with cortical remodeling in hip fracture cases and controls
Power, J., Noble, B.S., Loveridge, N., Bell, K.L., Rushton, N. and Reeve, J. 2001. Osteocyte lacunar occupancy in the femoral neck cortex: An association with cortical remodeling in hip fracture cases and controls. Calcified Tissue International. 69 (1), pp. 13-19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-001-0013-6
Osteocyte function, osteocyte death and bone fracture resistance
Noble, Brendon S. and Reeve, Jonathan 2000. Osteocyte function, osteocyte death and bone fracture resistance. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology. 159 (1-2), pp. 7-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0303-7207(99)00174-4
Bcl-2, tissue transglutaminase and p53 protein expression in the apoptotic cascade in ribs of premature infants
Stevens, H.Y., Reeve, J. and Noble, B.S. 2000. Bcl-2, tissue transglutaminase and p53 protein expression in the apoptotic cascade in ribs of premature infants. Journal of Anatomy. 196 (2). https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021878299005889
Expression and functional role of nitric oxide synthase isoforms in human osteoblast-like cells
H. MacPherson, B.S. Noble and S.H. Ralston 1999. Expression and functional role of nitric oxide synthase isoforms in human osteoblast-like cells. Bone. 24 (3), pp. 179-185. https://doi.org/10.1016/s8756-3282(98)00173-2
Characterization of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity and corticosteroid receptor expression in human osteosarcoma cell lines
Bland, R., Worker, C.A., Noble, B.S., Eyre, L.J., Bujalska, J.I., Sheppard, M.C., Stewart, P.M. and Hewison, M. 1999. Characterization of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity and corticosteroid receptor expression in human osteosarcoma cell lines. Journal of Endocrinology. 161 (3), pp. 455-464. https://doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1610455
Effect of estrogen suppression on the mineralization density of iliac crest biopsies in young women as assessed by backscattered electron imaging
A. Boyde, J.E. Compston, J. Reeve, K.L. Bell, B.S. Noble, S.J. Jones and N. Loveridge 1998. Effect of estrogen suppression on the mineralization density of iliac crest biopsies in young women as assessed by backscattered electron imaging. Bone. 22 (3), pp. 241-250. https://doi.org/10.1016/s8756-3282(97)00275-5
The role of estrogen in the control of rat osteocyte apoptosis
Tomkinson, A., Gevers, E.F., Wit, J.M., Reeve, J. and Noble, B.S. 1998. The role of estrogen in the control of rat osteocyte apoptosis. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. 13 (8), pp. 1243-1250. https://doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.1998.13.8.1243
Identification of apoptotic changes in osteocytes in normal and pathological human bone
B.S. Noble, H. Stevens, N. Loveridge and J. Reeve 1997. Identification of apoptotic changes in osteocytes in normal and pathological human bone. Bone. 20 (3), pp. 273-282. https://doi.org/10.1016/s8756-3282(96)00365-1
The death of osteocytes via apoptosis accompanies estrogen withdrawal in human bone
Tomkinson, A., Reeve, J., Shaw, R.W. and Noble, B.S. 1997. The death of osteocytes via apoptosis accompanies estrogen withdrawal in human bone. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 82 (9), pp. 3128-3135. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.82.9.3128
O7. Does apoptosis play a role in osteocyte function?
B.S. Noble, H. Stevens, J. Reeve and N. Loveridge 1996. O7. Does apoptosis play a role in osteocyte function? Bone. 19 (6), p. 686. https://doi.org/10.1016/s8756-3282(97)84303-7
Dextran sulfate promotes the rapid aggregation of porcine bone-marrow stromal cells
B.S. Noble, V. Dean, N. Loveridge and B.M. Thomson 1995. Dextran sulfate promotes the rapid aggregation of porcine bone-marrow stromal cells. Bone. 17 (4), pp. 375-382. https://doi.org/10.1016/s8756-3282(95)00247-2
Apoptosis in growing rat bone: preliminary studies
B.S. Noble, J. Milne and N. Loveridge 1995. Apoptosis in growing rat bone: preliminary studies. Bone. 16 (6), p. 689. https://doi.org/10.1016/8756-3282(95)91680-6
Differential responses of human tumour cells to polyunsaturated fatty acids: Stimulation of proliferation of a colon tumour cell line by docosahexaenoic acid
McMillan, D.N., Heys, S.D., Murray, A.W., Noble, B.S., Purasiri, P., Deehan, D.J., Eremin, O. and Noble, B. 1995. Differential responses of human tumour cells to polyunsaturated fatty acids: Stimulation of proliferation of a colon tumour cell line by docosahexaenoic acid. International Journal of Oncology. 7 (4), pp. 927-933.
The differentiation of a potential mesenchymal stem cell population within ovine bone marrow
Jessop, H.L., Noble, B.S. and Cryer, A. 1994. The differentiation of a potential mesenchymal stem cell population within ovine bone marrow. Biochemical Society Transactions. 22 (3), p. 248S. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst022248s
P8. Bone marrow stromal cells separated by buoyant density: an initial characterisation
Noble, B.S., Rucklidge, G.J. and Thomson, B.M. 1994. P8. Bone marrow stromal cells separated by buoyant density: an initial characterisation. Bone. 15 (2), p. 232. https://doi.org/10.1016/8756-3282(94)90742-0
P12. Dextran sulphate promotes stromal cell aggregation and initiates type II collagen production
B.M. Thomson, V. Dean, B. Noble and N. Loveridge 1994. P12. Dextran sulphate promotes stromal cell aggregation and initiates type II collagen production. Bone. 15 (1), p. 120. https://doi.org/10.1016/8756-3282(94)90935-0
Control of longitudinal growth: The role of nutrition
Loveridge, N. and Noble, B.S. 1994. Control of longitudinal growth: The role of nutrition. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 48 (2), pp. 75-84.
Calcitonin gene related peptide stimulates differentiation of neonatal rat myogenic cultures
Noble, B.S., McMillan, D.N. and Maltin, C.A. 1993. Calcitonin gene related peptide stimulates differentiation of neonatal rat myogenic cultures. Growth Regulation. 3 (4), pp. 245-248.
Visualisation and selective elimination of a subpopulation of mitogen-responsive bone marrow stromal cells using bromodeoxyuridine and photo-induced cell killing
B.M. Thomson, V. Dean, C. Farquharson and B.S. Noble 1993. Visualisation and selective elimination of a subpopulation of mitogen-responsive bone marrow stromal cells using bromodeoxyuridine and photo-induced cell killing. Bone. 14 (5), pp. 779-786. https://doi.org/10.1016/8756-3282(93)90210-2
The effect of the beta-adrenergic agonist clenbuterol on growth and protein metabolism in rat muscle cell cultures
McMillan, D.N., Noble, B.S. and Maltin, C.A. 1992. The effect of the beta-adrenergic agonist clenbuterol on growth and protein metabolism in rat muscle cell cultures. Journal of Animal Science. 70 (10), p. 3014–3023. https://doi.org/10.2527/1992.70103014x
Effects of the cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, fenbufen, on clenbuterol-induced hypertrophy of cardiac and skeletal muscle of rats
Palmer, R.M., Delday, M.I., McMillan, D.N., Noble, B.S., Bain, P. and Maltin, C.A. 1990. Effects of the cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, fenbufen, on clenbuterol-induced hypertrophy of cardiac and skeletal muscle of rats. British Journal of Pharmacology. 101 (4), pp. 835-838. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.1990.tb14166.x
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