Respiratory vulnerability to vehicle buffeting

Sung, W.L., Kohli, N., Qu’adir, S., Golding, J.F., Bronstein, A.M. and Gresty, M.A. 2011. Respiratory vulnerability to vehicle buffeting. Clinical Autonomic Research. 21 (6), pp. 365-371. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10286-011-0124-8

TitleRespiratory vulnerability to vehicle buffeting
AuthorsSung, W.L., Kohli, N., Qu’adir, S., Golding, J.F., Bronstein, A.M. and Gresty, M.A.
Abstract

Objective

Buffeting in a jerky ride in a bus or ambulance normally provokes a sustained tachypnoea driven by vibration and sensory mechanisms including vestibular signals. Tachypnoea reinforces the torso against mechanical shocks but results in overbreathing, causing a mild fall in CO2. However, normal CO2 is rapidly restored by a reduction in depth of breathing. We test the hypothesis that vulnerable subjects, exemplified by elderly individuals and patients with vestibular disorders, may fail to adapt to buffeting.

Methods

Respiratory and cardiovascular functions were recorded from five elderly subjects, two patients with bilateral loss of vestibular function and five patients with ‘BPPV,’ while being exposed to 15-min buffeting in a flight simulator which simulated transport in an ambulance over rough pavement. Results were compared with published norms.

Results

Some subjects sustained overbreathing during motion, through either tachypnoea or deep breathing, causing a marked reduction in CO2 levels (3/5, 2/2 avestibular, 4/5 elderly, 4/5 BPPV). Others failed to raise breathing frequency which would render them susceptible to mechanical shock (4/5 elderly, 1/2 avestibular). Overbreathing was particularly evident in three anxious subjects.

Interpretation

Overbreathing during buffeting could be caused by (1) resetting of CO2 rest levels lower; (2) change in receptor sensitivity; (3) adjustment of central drive to breathing; and (4) stiffening of posture because of motion discomfort reduced the ability to modulate breathing. The buffeting experienced was moderately violent. More profound hypocapnia and mechanical shock are likely to result in vulnerable individuals failing to adapt to severe buffeting in transport on unpaved roads, in war zones or by sea ambulance.

JournalClinical Autonomic Research
Journal citation21 (6), pp. 365-371
ISSN0959-9851
YearDec 2011
PublisherSpringer
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1007/s10286-011-0124-8
Publication dates
PublishedDec 2011

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Reavley, C.M., Golding, J.F., Cherkas, L.F., Spector, T.D. and MacGregor, A.J. 2006. Genetic influences on motion sickness susceptibility in adult women: a classical twin study. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine. 77 (11), pp. 1148-1152.

Motion sickness susceptibility
Golding, J.F. 2006. Motion sickness susceptibility. Autonomic Neuroscience. 129 (1-2), pp. 67-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autneu.2006.07.019

Increasing cognitive load with increasing balance challenge: recipe for catastrophe
Barra, J., Bray, A., Vishal, S., Golding, J.F. and Gresty, M.A. 2006. Increasing cognitive load with increasing balance challenge: recipe for catastrophe. Experimental Brain Research. 174 (4), pp. 734-745. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-006-0519-2

Tachypnea and hypocapnia are induced by 'buffeting' in vehicles
Green, D.A., Bray, A., Golding, J.F., Bronstein, A.M. and Gresty, M.A. 2006. Tachypnea and hypocapnia are induced by 'buffeting' in vehicles. Clinical Autonomic Research. 16 (4), pp. 281-285. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10286-006-0360-5

Predicting individual differences in motion sickness susceptibility by questionnaire
Golding, J.F. 2006. Predicting individual differences in motion sickness susceptibility by questionnaire. Personality and Individual Differences. 41 (2), pp. 237-248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2006.01.012

Motion sickness susceptibility fluctuates through the menstrual cycle
Golding, J.F., Kadzere, P. and Gresty, M.A. 2005. Motion sickness susceptibility fluctuates through the menstrual cycle. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine. 76 (10), pp. 970-973.

Can tamoxifen relieve motion sickness?
Gianni, M.C., Golding, J.F. and Goldhirsch, A. 2005. Can tamoxifen relieve motion sickness? Annals of Oncology. 16 (10), pp. 1713-1714. https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdi304

Motion sickness
Golding, J.F. and Gresty, M.A. 2005. Motion sickness. Current Opinion in Neurology. 18 (1), pp. 29-34.

Effect of a novel motion desensitization training regime and controlled breathing on habituation to motion sickness
Yen Pik Sang, F., Billar, J., Gresty, M.A. and Golding, J.F. 2005. Effect of a novel motion desensitization training regime and controlled breathing on habituation to motion sickness. Perceptual and Motor Skills. 18 (1), pp. 29-34.

Perceived control, locus of control and preparatory information: effects on the perception of an acute pain stimulus
Williams, D., Golding, J.F., Phillips, K. and Towell, A. 2004. Perceived control, locus of control and preparatory information: effects on the perception of an acute pain stimulus. Personality and Individual Differences. 36 (7), pp. 1681-1691. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2003.07.009

We are most aware of our place in the world when about to fall
Bray, A., Subanandan, A., Isableu, B., Ohlmann, T., Golding, J.F. and Gresty, M.A. 2004. We are most aware of our place in the world when about to fall. Current Biology. 14 (15), pp. R609-R610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2004.07.040

Suppression of sickness by controlled breathing during mildly nauseogenic motion
Yen Pik Sang, F., Golding, J.F. and Gresty, M.A. 2003. Suppression of sickness by controlled breathing during mildly nauseogenic motion. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine. 74 (9), pp. 998-1002.

Effect of breathing supplemental oxygen on motion sickness in healthy adults
Ziavra, N., Yen Pik Sang, F., Golding, J.F., Bronstein, A.M. and Gresty, M.A. 2003. Effect of breathing supplemental oxygen on motion sickness in healthy adults. Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 78 (5), pp. 574-578.

Behavioral methods of alleviating motion sickness: effectiveness of controlled breathing and a music audiotape
Yen Pik Sang, F., Billar, J., Golding, J.F. and Gresty, M.A. 2003. Behavioral methods of alleviating motion sickness: effectiveness of controlled breathing and a music audiotape. Journal of Travel Medicine. 10 (2), pp. 108-112.

Impairment of spatial cognitive function with preservation of verbal performance during spatial disorientation
Gresty, M.A., Waters, S., Bray, A., Bunday, K. and Golding, J.F. 2003. Impairment of spatial cognitive function with preservation of verbal performance during spatial disorientation. Current Biology. 13 (21), pp. R829-R830. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2003.10.013

Motion sickness and tilts of the inertial force environment: active suspension systems vs. active passengers
Golding, J.F., Bles, W., Bos, E., Haynes, T. and Gresty, M.A. 2003. Motion sickness and tilts of the inertial force environment: active suspension systems vs. active passengers. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine. 74 (3), pp. 220-227.

Attentional demands of continuously monitoring orientation using vestibular information
Yardley, L., Papo, D., Bronstein, A.M., Gresty, M.A., Gardner, M., Lavie, N. and Luxon, L. 2002. Attentional demands of continuously monitoring orientation using vestibular information. Neuropsychologia. 40 (4), pp. 373-383. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0028-3932(01)00113-0

Interference between postural control and mental task performance in patients with vestibular disorder and healthy controls
Yardley, L., Gardner, M., Bronstein, A.M., Davies, R., Buckwell, D. and Luxon, L. 2001. Interference between postural control and mental task performance in patients with vestibular disorder and healthy controls. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry. 71 (1), pp. 48-52. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.71.1.48

A motion sickness maximum around the 0.2 Hz frequency range of horizontal translational oscillation
Golding, J.F., Mueller, A.G. and Gresty, M.A. 2001. A motion sickness maximum around the 0.2 Hz frequency range of horizontal translational oscillation. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine. 72 (3), pp. 188-192.

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