'A woman's place is where she wants to work': barriers to the entry and retention of women into the skilled building trades

Clarke, L. and Wall, C. 2009. 'A woman's place is where she wants to work': barriers to the entry and retention of women into the skilled building trades. Scottish Labour History. 44, pp. 16-39.

Title'A woman's place is where she wants to work': barriers to the entry and retention of women into the skilled building trades
AuthorsClarke, L. and Wall, C.
JournalScottish Labour History
Journal citation44, pp. 16-39
ISSN1472-6041
Year2009
PublisherAberdeen Scottish Labour History Society
Publication dates
Published2009

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Clarke, L., van der Meer, M., Bingham, C., Michielsens, E. and Miller, S. 2009. Enabling and disabling: disability in the British and Dutch construction sectors. Construction Management and Economics. 27 (6), pp. 555-566. https://doi.org/10.1080/01446190902977445

Something to show for it: the place of mementoes in women’s oral histories of work
Wall, C. 2009. Something to show for it: the place of mementoes in women’s oral histories of work. International Labour Process Conference 2009. Edinburgh April 2009 Sage. https://doi.org/10.1177/1744935910370194

Difficulties in recognising vocational skills and qualifications across Europe
Brockmann, M., Clarke, L. and Winch, C. 2009. Difficulties in recognising vocational skills and qualifications across Europe. Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy and Practice. 16 (1), pp. 97-109. https://doi.org/10.1080/09695940802704153

Biography, education and civic action: teaching generations and social change
Martin, J., Kirk, J., Wall, C. and Jefferys, S. 2009. Biography, education and civic action: teaching generations and social change. in: Wetherell, M. (ed.) Theorizing identities and social action Basingstoke Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 38-55

Competence and competency in the EQF and in European VET systems
Brockmann, M., Clarke, L. and Winch, C. 2009. Competence and competency in the EQF and in European VET systems. Journal of European Industrial Training. 33 (8/9), pp. 787-799. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090590910993634

Forum: A historical context for theories underpinning the production of the built environment
Clarke, L. and Janssen, J. 2008. Forum: A historical context for theories underpinning the production of the built environment. Building Research and Information. 36 (6), pp. 659-662. https://doi.org/10.1080/09613210802387659

Trade union education: some thoughts from the past
Clarke, L., Gold, M. and Stuttard, G. 2008. Trade union education: some thoughts from the past. Post-16 Educator. 48, pp. 21-23.

Competence-based vocational education and training (VET): the cases of England and France in a European perspective
Brockmann, M., Clarke, L., Méhaut, P. and Winch, C. 2008. Competence-based vocational education and training (VET): the cases of England and France in a European perspective. Vocations and Learning. 1 (3), pp. 227-244. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12186-008-9013-2

Obstacles to diversity in construction: the example of Heathrow Terminal 5
Clarke, L. and Gribling, M. 2008. Obstacles to diversity in construction: the example of Heathrow Terminal 5. Construction Management and Economics. 26 (10), pp. 1055-1065. https://doi.org/10.1080/01446190802326776

Knowledge, skills, competence: European divergences in vocational education and training (VET): the English, German and Dutch cases
Brockmann, M., Clarke, L. and Winch, C. 2008. Knowledge, skills, competence: European divergences in vocational education and training (VET): the English, German and Dutch cases. Oxford Review of Education. 34 (5), pp. 547-567. https://doi.org/10.1080/03054980701782098

Researching teachers' working lives: findings from the ESRC project 'Does work still shape social identity and action?'
Wall, C. 2008. Researching teachers' working lives: findings from the ESRC project 'Does work still shape social identity and action?'. History of Education Lunchtime Seminar Series. Institute of Education, University of London 11th June 2008

Work memorabilia and affect in oral histories of work
Wall, C. 2008. Work memorabilia and affect in oral histories of work. Rethinking Labour: Labour, Affect and Material Culture. University College Dublin 18th, 19th and 20th April 2008

Implementing diversity employment policies: examples from large London companies
Michielsens, E., Bingham, C., Clarke, L., Miller, S., Urwin, P.J., Siara, B. and Karuk, V. 2008. Implementing diversity employment policies: examples from large London companies. London London First and University of Westminster.

Picturing an occupational identity: images of teachers in careers and trade union publications 1940-2000
Wall, C. 2008. Picturing an occupational identity: images of teachers in careers and trade union publications 1940-2000. History of Education. 37 (2), pp. 317-340. https://doi.org/10.1080/00467600701878038

Integrating the visual: work identities in teaching, banking and railways
Wall, C. 2008. Integrating the visual: work identities in teaching, banking and railways. Does Work Still Shape Social Identities and Action: Project Seminar. The Women's Library, London Metropolitan University Wednesday 16 July 2008

Zones of mutual trust? Qualifications, occupations and skills: the cases of England, France, Netherlands and German
Clarke, L., Brockmann, M. and Winch, C. 2008. Zones of mutual trust? Qualifications, occupations and skills: the cases of England, France, Netherlands and German. International Labour Process Conference. Dublin 18 – 20 March 2008

Apprenticeship in England: scope for expansion?
Clarke, L., Brockmann, M. and Winch, C. 2008. Apprenticeship in England: scope for expansion? Network on Innovative Apprenticeship Conference (INAP). Vienna 1 - 2 Feb 2008

Zones of Mutual Trust? Qualifications, occupations and skills: the cases of England, France, Netherlands and Germany
Clarke, L. 2008. Zones of Mutual Trust? Qualifications, occupations and skills: the cases of England, France, Netherlands and Germany. Industrial Relations in Europe Conference (IREC). University of Greenwich 23 – 25 June 2008

Convergence or divergence in competence-based VET systems: occupational families of trust and mistrust in England, France, the Netherlands and Germany
Clarke, L. 2008. Convergence or divergence in competence-based VET systems: occupational families of trust and mistrust in England, France, the Netherlands and Germany. 9th International Conference on Human Resource Development, Symposium on European approaches to competence. Lille 21 – 23 May 2008

Länderübergreifende gleichwertigkeit beruflicher fertigkeiten und qualifikationen
Brockmann, M., Clarke, L. and Winch, C. 2008. Länderübergreifende gleichwertigkeit beruflicher fertigkeiten und qualifikationen. Berufsbildung in Wissenschaft und Praxis, Zeitschrift des Bundesinstituts fur Berufssbildung. 5.

Can performance-related learning outcomes have standards?
Brockmann, M., Clarke, L. and Winch, C. 2008. Can performance-related learning outcomes have standards? Journal of European Industrial Training. 32 (2/3), pp. 99-113. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090590810861659

Memories of work: exploring identities through visual and oral approaches
Wall, C. and Kirk, J. 2007. Memories of work: exploring identities through visual and oral approaches. Working Lives Research Institute open seminar. London Metropolitan University 7th November 2007

A social or a capabilities model? Approaches to disability in the construction and health sectors in Britain and the Netherlands compared
van der Meer, M., Clarke, L., Michielsens, E. and Miller, S. 2007. A social or a capabilities model? Approaches to disability in the construction and health sectors in Britain and the Netherlands compared. SASE 19th Annual Meeting on Socio-Economics. Copenhagen Business School, Denmark 28 - 30 Jun 2007

The use of photographs in eliciting work-life histories: a tool for international comparisons?
Wall, C. 2007. The use of photographs in eliciting work-life histories: a tool for international comparisons? Journees Internationales De Sociologie Du Travail (JIST) - the biennial French Sociology of Work Conference. London Metropolitan University 20th - 22nd June 2007

Vocational education: conceptual differences between Britain and Germany
Clarke, L. and Winch, C. 2007. Vocational education: conceptual differences between Britain and Germany. in: Beichel, J.J. and Fees, K. (ed.) Bildung oder outcome?: Leitideen der standardisierten Schule im Diskurs Herbolzheim, Germany Centaurus Verlag.

Skill shortages, recruitment and retention in the housebuilding sector
Clarke, L. and Herrmann, G. 2007. Skill shortages, recruitment and retention in the housebuilding sector. Personnel Review. 36 (4), pp. 509-527. https://doi.org/10.1108/00483480710752777

Divergent divisions of labour
Clarke, L. 2007. Divergent divisions of labour. in: Dainty, A., Green, S. and Bagilhole, B. (ed.) People and culture in construction: a reader Taylor & Francis.

European skills framework? - but what are skills? Anglo-Saxon versus German concepts
Clarke, L. and Winch, C. 2006. European skills framework? - but what are skills? Anglo-Saxon versus German concepts. Journal of Education and Work. 19 (3), pp. 255-269. https://doi.org/10.1080/13639080600776870

Valuing labour
Clarke, L. 2006. Valuing labour. Building Research and Information. 34 (3), pp. 246-256. https://doi.org/10.1080/09613210600635176

Vocational education: international approaches, developments and systems
Clarke, L. and Winch, C. 2006. Vocational education: international approaches, developments and systems. London, UK Routledge.

Omitted from history: women in the building trades
Clarke, L. and Wall, C. 2006. Omitted from history: women in the building trades. in: Dunkeld, M., Campbell, J., Louw, H., Tutton, M., Addis, B., Powell, C. and Thorne, R. (ed.) Proceedings of the Second International Congress on Construction History Cambridge, UK Construction History Society. pp. 35-59

Women in manual trades
Clarke, L., Michielsens, E. and Wall, C. 2006. Women in manual trades. in: Gale, A.W. and Davidson, M.J. (ed.) Managing diversity and equality in construction: initiatives and practice London, UK Taylor & Francis. pp. 151-168

Enabling and disabling labour market sectors; disability and employment in Britain and the Netherlands
Bingham, C., Clarke, L., Michielsens, E. and Miller, S. 2006. Enabling and disabling labour market sectors; disability and employment in Britain and the Netherlands. 24th Annual International Labour Process Conference. London, UK 10-12 Apr 2006

Gender and ethnic minority exclusion from skilled occupations in construction: a Western European comparison
Byrne, J., Clarke, L. and van der Meer, M. 2005. Gender and ethnic minority exclusion from skilled occupations in construction: a Western European comparison. Construction Management and Economics. 23 (10), pp. 1025-1034. https://doi.org/10.1080/01446190500310759

From craft to qualified building labour in Britain: a comparative approach
Clarke, L. 2005. From craft to qualified building labour in Britain: a comparative approach. Labor History. 46 (4), pp. 473-493. https://doi.org/10.1080/00236560500266274

The European construction social partners: gender equality in theory and practice
Clarke, L., Pedersen, E.F., Michielsens, E. and Susman, B. 2005. The European construction social partners: gender equality in theory and practice. European Journal of Industrial Relations. 11 (2), pp. 151-177. https://doi.org/10.1177/0959680105053961

Using visual sources: a methodical appraisal
Wall, C. 2005. Using visual sources: a methodical appraisal. ESRC Identities and Social Action Programme Research Fellows Workshop. The Open University, Milton Keynes 25th October 2005

The charter of fundamental rights: what guarantee of the social equity of reforms?
Clarke, L. 2005. The charter of fundamental rights: what guarantee of the social equity of reforms? Institut de la Protection Sociale Européenne Conference. London, UK Jul 2005

Ethnically segregated sectors: forces of exclusion and inclusion
Clarke, L. 2005. Ethnically segregated sectors: forces of exclusion and inclusion. Trade Unions Against Racism (les Syndicats Contre le Racisme) Conference. Paris, France 20-21 Oct 2005

Divergent divisions of construction labour
Clarke, L. 2005. Divergent divisions of construction labour. in: Khosrowshahi, F. (ed.) Proceedings of the 21st Annual Conference, SOAS, London, September 2005 Reading, UK ARCOM.

Approaches to skills and training
Clarke, L. 2005. Approaches to skills and training. ARCOM Doctoral Workshop on Skills, Training and Development in the Construction Industry. Newcastle upon Tyne, UK 30 Nov 2005

A European skills framework? - but what are skills? Anglo-Saxon versus German concepts
Clarke, L. 2005. A European skills framework? - but what are skills? Anglo-Saxon versus German concepts. Second International Conference on Training, Employability and Employment (CTEE). Prato, Italy 22-23 Sep 2005

Cost vs. production: labour deployment and productivity in social housing construction in England, Scotland, Denmark and Germany
Clarke, L. and Herrmann, G. 2004. Cost vs. production: labour deployment and productivity in social housing construction in England, Scotland, Denmark and Germany. Construction Management and Economics. 22 (10), pp. 1057-1066. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144619042000213300

Apprenticeship and applied theoretical knowledge
Clarke, L. and Winch, C. 2004. Apprenticeship and applied theoretical knowledge. Educational Philosophy and Theory. 36 (5), pp. 509-522. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-5812.2004.087_1.x

Cost vs. production: disparities in social housing construction in Britain and Germany
Clarke, L. and Herrmann, G. 2004. Cost vs. production: disparities in social housing construction in Britain and Germany. Construction Management and Economics. 22 (5), pp. 521-532. https://doi.org/10.1080/01446190310001649119

Never argue with the architect: hierachy, skill and status on mid twentieth century building sites
Wall, C. 2004. Never argue with the architect: hierachy, skill and status on mid twentieth century building sites. Institute of Contemporary British History Conference: History of Work in the 20th Century. University of London, Senate House 14th -16th July 2004

Any woman can: twenty years of campaigning for access to training and employment
Wall, C. 2004. Any woman can: twenty years of campaigning for access to training and employment. in: Clarke, L., Pedersen, E.F., Michielsens, E., Susman, B. and Wall, C. (ed.) Women in construction Bruxelles, Belgium CLR/Reed Business Information.

Now you're in, now you're out: women's changing participation in the building trades in Britain
Clarke, L. and Wall, C. 2004. Now you're in, now you're out: women's changing participation in the building trades in Britain. in: Clarke, L., Pedersen, E.F., Michielsens, E., Susman, B. and Wall, C. (ed.) Women in construction Bruxelles, Belgium CLR/Reed Business Information. pp. 24-47

Introduction
Clarke, L., Pedersen, E.F., Michielsens, E., Susman, B. and Wall, C. 2004. Introduction. in: Clarke, L., Pedersen, E.F., Michielsens, E., Susman, B. and Wall, C. (ed.) Women in construction Bruxelles, Belgium CLR/Reed Business Information. pp. 8-22

The institutionalisation of skill division in Britain and Germany: examples from the construction industry
Clarke, L. and Herrmann, G. 2004. The institutionalisation of skill division in Britain and Germany: examples from the construction industry. in: Warhurst, C., Grugulis, I. and Keep, E. (ed.) The skills that matter Basingstoke, UK Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 128-147

Regulation for survival: training and skills in the construction labour market in Jersey, Channel Islands
Arkani, S., Clarke, L. and Michielsens, E. 2003. Regulation for survival: training and skills in the construction labour market in Jersey, Channel Islands. Journal of Vocational Education and Training. 55 (3), pp. 261-279. https://doi.org/10.1080/13636820300200234

The state of construction training and employment in the local economy of Jersey
Arkani, S., Clarke, L. and Michielsens, E. 2003. The state of construction training and employment in the local economy of Jersey. Local Economy. 18 (3), pp. 196-207. https://doi.org/10.1080/0269094032000143368

'Front-loaded' vocational education versus lifelong learning: a critique of current UK government policy
Winch, C. and Clarke, L. 2003. 'Front-loaded' vocational education versus lifelong learning: a critique of current UK government policy. Oxford Review of Education. 29 (2), pp. 239-252. https://doi.org/10.1080/0305498032000080701

EU enlargement: construction labour relations as a pilot
Clarke, L., Cremers, J. and Janssen, J. 2003. EU enlargement: construction labour relations as a pilot. Brussels, Belgium Reed Business Information.

Gender and ethnic segregation in the British labour market: marginalisation and inclusion
Beck, V., Clarke, L. and Michielsens, E. 2003. Gender and ethnic segregation in the British labour market: marginalisation and inclusion. 3rd International Gender Work and Organisation Conference. Keele, UK 25-27 Jun 2003

Women constructors in the twentieth century
Wall, C. 2002. Women constructors in the twentieth century. Construction History Newsletter. 64, pp. 15-17.

The institutionalisation of class divisions: education and training for professionals and operatives in the construction industry.
Clarke, L. and Herrmann, G. 2002. The institutionalisation of class divisions: education and training for professionals and operatives in the construction industry. First International Conference on Training, Employability and Employment. London, UK 11-12 Jul 2002

Regulation of the labour process vs. control of the building product
Clarke, L. and Beck, V. 2002. Regulation of the labour process vs. control of the building product. 20th Annual International Labour Process Conference. Strathclyde, UK 02-04 Apr 2002

Gender and ethnic segregation in the British labour market: mechanisms of marginalisation and inclusion
Beck, V., Clarke, L. and Michielsens, E. 2002. Gender and ethnic segregation in the British labour market: mechanisms of marginalisation and inclusion. Gender Research Forum: the Gender Pay and Productivity Gap. London, UK 08 Nov 2002

Equality for women and ethnic minorities in an unequal labour market: comparing the UK and Germany.
Beck, V., Clarke, L. and Michielsens, E. 2002. Equality for women and ethnic minorities in an unequal labour market: comparing the UK and Germany. BUIRA 2002 Annual Conference. Stirling, UK 04 Jul - 06 Jul 2002

Gleichstellung von Frauen und ethnische Minderheiten in einem von Benachteilingungen gepraegten Arbeitsmarkt: Das Beispiel Grossbritannien
Beck, V. and Clarke, L. 2002. Gleichstellung von Frauen und ethnische Minderheiten in einem von Benachteilingungen gepraegten Arbeitsmarkt: Das Beispiel Grossbritannien. Zeitschrift fur Frauenforschung Geschlecterstudien. 1/2, pp. 89-97.

Regulation and control of the labour process and the division of skill
Arkani, S., Clarke, L. and Herrmann, G. 2002. Regulation and control of the labour process and the division of skill. 20th Annual International Labour Process Conference. Glasgow, UK 02-04 Apr 2002

How insular is an island?: training, skills and the construction labour market in Jersey, Channel Islands
Michielsens, E., Clarke, L. and Arkani, S. 2001. How insular is an island?: training, skills and the construction labour market in Jersey, Channel Islands. 19th Annual International Labour Process Conference. London, UK 26-28 Mar 2001

Diverse equality: the example of the construction sector
Clarke, L. and Michielsens, E. 2001. Diverse equality: the example of the construction sector. in: Noon, M. and Ogbonna, E. (ed.) Equality, diversity and disadvantage in employment Basingstoke, UK Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 118-135

Innovation and skills: a transnational study of skills, education and training for prefabrication in housing
Clarke, L. and Herrmann, G. 2001. Innovation and skills: a transnational study of skills, education and training for prefabrication in housing. London, UK University of Westminster Business School.

Cost versus production: disparities in construction labour process in Europe
Clarke, L. and Herrmann, G. 2001. Cost versus production: disparities in construction labour process in Europe. 19th Annual International Labour Process Conference. London, UK 26-28 Mar 2001

Craft versus industry: the division of labour in European housing construction
Clarke, L. and Wall, C. 2000. Craft versus industry: the division of labour in European housing construction. Construction Management and Economics. 18 (6), pp. 689-698. https://doi.org/10.1080/014461900414745

Balancing acts in construction: a study of two women painters in Denmark and Britain
Clarke, L., Pedersen, E.F. and Wall, C. 1999. Balancing acts in construction: a study of two women painters in Denmark and Britain. NORA - Nordic Journal of Feminist and Gender Research. 7 (2), pp. 138-150. https://doi.org/10.1080/08038749950167652

UK construction skills in the context of European developments
Clarke, L. and Wall, C. 1998. UK construction skills in the context of European developments. Construction Management and Economics. 16 (5), pp. 553-567. https://doi.org/10.1080/014461998372097

Desegregating construction
Wall, C., Clarke, L. and Michielsens, E. 1998. Desegregating construction. Work, Employment and Society Conference. University of Cambridge 14th -16th September 1998

Blueprint for change: construction skills training in Britain
Wall, C. and Clarke, L. Padayachee, V. (ed.) 1998. Blueprint for change: construction skills training in Britain. Policy Press.

A fair day's work: women in direct labour organisations
Wall, C., Clarke, L. and Michielsens, E. 1997. A fair day's work: women in direct labour organisations. London Women and Manual Trades.

Staying power: women in direct labour building teams
Wall, C. and Clarke, L. 1996. Staying power: women in direct labour building teams. London Women and Manual Trades.

Skills and the construction process: a comparative study of vocational training and quality in social housebuilding
Wall, C. and Clarke, L. 1996. Skills and the construction process: a comparative study of vocational training and quality in social housebuilding. Policy Press.

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