Towards nearly zero energy building in Europe: the challenge of vocational education and training for the construction industry

Clarke, L., Duran-Palma, F. and Sahin-Dikmen, M. 2020. Towards nearly zero energy building in Europe: the challenge of vocational education and training for the construction industry. in: Leal Filho W., Azul A.M., Brandli L., Lange Salvia A. and Wall T. (ed.) Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals: SDG9Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation Switzerland Springer.

Chapter titleTowards nearly zero energy building in Europe: the challenge of vocational education and training for the construction industry
AuthorsClarke, L., Duran-Palma, F. and Sahin-Dikmen, M.
EditorsLeal Filho W., Azul A.M., Brandli L., Lange Salvia A. and Wall T.
Abstract

Energy efficient buildings are a key objective in the drive to transform construction into a sustainable industry. The terminology used to describe low energy buildings, however, varies between countries, regions and certifying institutions. Some of the most common terms include low energy, zero carbon, zero energy, net-zero energy, zero net energy, though these may or may not use the same technical definition. Nevertheless, all are used to describe the energy performance aspect of sustainable buildings, whereby the total amount of energy used per annum is minimised by energy efficiency measures and energy needed is offset by renewable energy created on site or nearby. Nearly Zero Energy Building (NZEB) is the concept adopted in the European Union (EU). Energy efficient buildings require a different construction process from the traditional one and upgrading of the vocational education and training (VET) systems. The technical and social challenges confronting VET systems throughout Europe and the constraints involved in addressing these are the focus of this chapter.

Book titleEncyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals: SDG9Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation
Year2020
PublisherSpringer
Publication dates
Published06 Dec 2020
Published online21 Nov 2020
Place of publicationSwitzerland
ISBN9783319710594
ISSN2523-7411
2523-7403
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71059-4_157-1

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Smeaton, D., Vegeris, S. and Sahin-Dikmen, M. 2009. Research report 43: Older workers: employment preferences, barriers and solutions. Manchester EHRC.

Forum: A historical context for theories underpinning the production of the built environment
Clarke, L. and Janssen, J. 2008. Forum: A historical context for theories underpinning the production of the built environment. Building Research and Information. 36 (6), pp. 659-662. https://doi.org/10.1080/09613210802387659

Trade union education: some thoughts from the past
Clarke, L., Gold, M. and Stuttard, G. 2008. Trade union education: some thoughts from the past. Post-16 Educator. 48, pp. 21-23.

Competence-based vocational education and training (VET): the cases of England and France in a European perspective
Brockmann, M., Clarke, L., Méhaut, P. and Winch, C. 2008. Competence-based vocational education and training (VET): the cases of England and France in a European perspective. Vocations and Learning. 1 (3), pp. 227-244. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12186-008-9013-2

Obstacles to diversity in construction: the example of Heathrow Terminal 5
Clarke, L. and Gribling, M. 2008. Obstacles to diversity in construction: the example of Heathrow Terminal 5. Construction Management and Economics. 26 (10), pp. 1055-1065. https://doi.org/10.1080/01446190802326776

Knowledge, skills, competence: European divergences in vocational education and training (VET): the English, German and Dutch cases
Brockmann, M., Clarke, L. and Winch, C. 2008. Knowledge, skills, competence: European divergences in vocational education and training (VET): the English, German and Dutch cases. Oxford Review of Education. 34 (5), pp. 547-567. https://doi.org/10.1080/03054980701782098

Implementing diversity employment policies: examples from large London companies
Michielsens, E., Bingham, C., Clarke, L., Miller, S., Urwin, P.J., Siara, B. and Karuk, V. 2008. Implementing diversity employment policies: examples from large London companies. London London First and University of Westminster.

Zones of mutual trust? Qualifications, occupations and skills: the cases of England, France, Netherlands and German
Clarke, L., Brockmann, M. and Winch, C. 2008. Zones of mutual trust? Qualifications, occupations and skills: the cases of England, France, Netherlands and German. International Labour Process Conference. Dublin 18 – 20 March 2008

Apprenticeship in England: scope for expansion?
Clarke, L., Brockmann, M. and Winch, C. 2008. Apprenticeship in England: scope for expansion? Network on Innovative Apprenticeship Conference (INAP). Vienna 1 - 2 Feb 2008

Zones of Mutual Trust? Qualifications, occupations and skills: the cases of England, France, Netherlands and Germany
Clarke, L. 2008. Zones of Mutual Trust? Qualifications, occupations and skills: the cases of England, France, Netherlands and Germany. Industrial Relations in Europe Conference (IREC). University of Greenwich 23 – 25 June 2008

Convergence or divergence in competence-based VET systems: occupational families of trust and mistrust in England, France, the Netherlands and Germany
Clarke, L. 2008. Convergence or divergence in competence-based VET systems: occupational families of trust and mistrust in England, France, the Netherlands and Germany. 9th International Conference on Human Resource Development, Symposium on European approaches to competence. Lille 21 – 23 May 2008

Länderübergreifende gleichwertigkeit beruflicher fertigkeiten und qualifikationen
Brockmann, M., Clarke, L. and Winch, C. 2008. Länderübergreifende gleichwertigkeit beruflicher fertigkeiten und qualifikationen. Berufsbildung in Wissenschaft und Praxis, Zeitschrift des Bundesinstituts fur Berufssbildung. 5.

Can performance-related learning outcomes have standards?
Brockmann, M., Clarke, L. and Winch, C. 2008. Can performance-related learning outcomes have standards? Journal of European Industrial Training. 32 (2/3), pp. 99-113. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090590810861659

Network on Ethnicity and Women Scientists: state of the art report on the UK
Hudson, M. and Sahin-Dikmen, M. 2007. Network on Ethnicity and Women Scientists: state of the art report on the UK. Network on Ethnicity and Women Scientists.

Evaluation of the Pension Increase Pledge: Evidence from the first year of implementation
Sahin-Dikmen, M., Barnes, H. and Wilkinson, D. 2007. Evaluation of the Pension Increase Pledge: Evidence from the first year of implementation. A report of research carried out by Policy Studies Institute on behalf of the Department for Work and Pensions.

A social or a capabilities model? Approaches to disability in the construction and health sectors in Britain and the Netherlands compared
van der Meer, M., Clarke, L., Michielsens, E. and Miller, S. 2007. A social or a capabilities model? Approaches to disability in the construction and health sectors in Britain and the Netherlands compared. SASE 19th Annual Meeting on Socio-Economics. Copenhagen Business School, Denmark 28 - 30 Jun 2007

Vocational education: conceptual differences between Britain and Germany
Clarke, L. and Winch, C. 2007. Vocational education: conceptual differences between Britain and Germany. in: Beichel, J.J. and Fees, K. (ed.) Bildung oder outcome?: Leitideen der standardisierten Schule im Diskurs Herbolzheim, Germany Centaurus Verlag.

Skill shortages, recruitment and retention in the housebuilding sector
Clarke, L. and Herrmann, G. 2007. Skill shortages, recruitment and retention in the housebuilding sector. Personnel Review. 36 (4), pp. 509-527. https://doi.org/10.1108/00483480710752777

Divergent divisions of labour
Clarke, L. 2007. Divergent divisions of labour. in: Dainty, A., Green, S. and Bagilhole, B. (ed.) People and culture in construction: a reader Taylor & Francis.

European skills framework? - but what are skills? Anglo-Saxon versus German concepts
Clarke, L. and Winch, C. 2006. European skills framework? - but what are skills? Anglo-Saxon versus German concepts. Journal of Education and Work. 19 (3), pp. 255-269. https://doi.org/10.1080/13639080600776870

Valuing labour
Clarke, L. 2006. Valuing labour. Building Research and Information. 34 (3), pp. 246-256. https://doi.org/10.1080/09613210600635176

Vocational education: international approaches, developments and systems
Clarke, L. and Winch, C. 2006. Vocational education: international approaches, developments and systems. London, UK Routledge.

Omitted from history: women in the building trades
Clarke, L. and Wall, C. 2006. Omitted from history: women in the building trades. in: Dunkeld, M., Campbell, J., Louw, H., Tutton, M., Addis, B., Powell, C. and Thorne, R. (ed.) Proceedings of the Second International Congress on Construction History Cambridge, UK Construction History Society. pp. 35-59

Women in manual trades
Clarke, L., Michielsens, E. and Wall, C. 2006. Women in manual trades. in: Gale, A.W. and Davidson, M.J. (ed.) Managing diversity and equality in construction: initiatives and practice London, UK Taylor & Francis. pp. 151-168

Enabling and disabling labour market sectors; disability and employment in Britain and the Netherlands
Bingham, C., Clarke, L., Michielsens, E. and Miller, S. 2006. Enabling and disabling labour market sectors; disability and employment in Britain and the Netherlands. 24th Annual International Labour Process Conference. London, UK 10-12 Apr 2006

Gender and ethnic minority exclusion from skilled occupations in construction: a Western European comparison
Byrne, J., Clarke, L. and van der Meer, M. 2005. Gender and ethnic minority exclusion from skilled occupations in construction: a Western European comparison. Construction Management and Economics. 23 (10), pp. 1025-1034. https://doi.org/10.1080/01446190500310759

From craft to qualified building labour in Britain: a comparative approach
Clarke, L. 2005. From craft to qualified building labour in Britain: a comparative approach. Labor History. 46 (4), pp. 473-493. https://doi.org/10.1080/00236560500266274

The European construction social partners: gender equality in theory and practice
Clarke, L., Pedersen, E.F., Michielsens, E. and Susman, B. 2005. The European construction social partners: gender equality in theory and practice. European Journal of Industrial Relations. 11 (2), pp. 151-177. https://doi.org/10.1177/0959680105053961

The charter of fundamental rights: what guarantee of the social equity of reforms?
Clarke, L. 2005. The charter of fundamental rights: what guarantee of the social equity of reforms? Institut de la Protection Sociale Européenne Conference. London, UK Jul 2005

Ethnically segregated sectors: forces of exclusion and inclusion
Clarke, L. 2005. Ethnically segregated sectors: forces of exclusion and inclusion. Trade Unions Against Racism (les Syndicats Contre le Racisme) Conference. Paris, France 20-21 Oct 2005

Divergent divisions of construction labour
Clarke, L. 2005. Divergent divisions of construction labour. in: Khosrowshahi, F. (ed.) Proceedings of the 21st Annual Conference, SOAS, London, September 2005 Reading, UK ARCOM.

Approaches to skills and training
Clarke, L. 2005. Approaches to skills and training. ARCOM Doctoral Workshop on Skills, Training and Development in the Construction Industry. Newcastle upon Tyne, UK 30 Nov 2005

A European skills framework? - but what are skills? Anglo-Saxon versus German concepts
Clarke, L. 2005. A European skills framework? - but what are skills? Anglo-Saxon versus German concepts. Second International Conference on Training, Employability and Employment (CTEE). Prato, Italy 22-23 Sep 2005

Ethnic minority outreach: an evaluation
Barnes, H., Hudson, M., Parry, J., Sahin-Dikmen, M., Taylor, R.F. and Wilkinson, D. 2005. Ethnic minority outreach: an evaluation. Leeds, UK Corporate Document Services.

Labour reform in a neo-liberal 'protected' democracy: Chile 1990-2001
Duran-Palma, F., Wilkinson, A. and Korczynski, M. 2005. Labour reform in a neo-liberal 'protected' democracy: Chile 1990-2001. International Journal of Human Resource Management. 16 (1), pp. 65-89. https://doi.org/10.1080/0958519042000295957

Cost vs. production: labour deployment and productivity in social housing construction in England, Scotland, Denmark and Germany
Clarke, L. and Herrmann, G. 2004. Cost vs. production: labour deployment and productivity in social housing construction in England, Scotland, Denmark and Germany. Construction Management and Economics. 22 (10), pp. 1057-1066. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144619042000213300

Apprenticeship and applied theoretical knowledge
Clarke, L. and Winch, C. 2004. Apprenticeship and applied theoretical knowledge. Educational Philosophy and Theory. 36 (5), pp. 509-522. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-5812.2004.087_1.x

Cost vs. production: disparities in social housing construction in Britain and Germany
Clarke, L. and Herrmann, G. 2004. Cost vs. production: disparities in social housing construction in Britain and Germany. Construction Management and Economics. 22 (5), pp. 521-532. https://doi.org/10.1080/01446190310001649119

Maternity and paternity rights in Britain 2002: survey of parents
Hudson, M., Lissenburgh, S. and Sahin-Dikmen, M. 2004. Maternity and paternity rights in Britain 2002: survey of parents. London, UK Department for Work and Pensions.

Now you're in, now you're out: women's changing participation in the building trades in Britain
Clarke, L. and Wall, C. 2004. Now you're in, now you're out: women's changing participation in the building trades in Britain. in: Clarke, L., Pedersen, E.F., Michielsens, E., Susman, B. and Wall, C. (ed.) Women in construction Bruxelles, Belgium CLR/Reed Business Information. pp. 24-47

Introduction
Clarke, L., Pedersen, E.F., Michielsens, E., Susman, B. and Wall, C. 2004. Introduction. in: Clarke, L., Pedersen, E.F., Michielsens, E., Susman, B. and Wall, C. (ed.) Women in construction Bruxelles, Belgium CLR/Reed Business Information. pp. 8-22

The institutionalisation of skill division in Britain and Germany: examples from the construction industry
Clarke, L. and Herrmann, G. 2004. The institutionalisation of skill division in Britain and Germany: examples from the construction industry. in: Warhurst, C., Grugulis, I. and Keep, E. (ed.) The skills that matter Basingstoke, UK Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 128-147

Architecture and race: a study of black and ethnic minority students in the profession
Barnes, H., Parry, J., Sahin-Dikmen, M. and Bonjour, D. 2004. Architecture and race: a study of black and ethnic minority students in the profession. London, UK Commission for Architecture and the Built Environment.

Regulation for survival: training and skills in the construction labour market in Jersey, Channel Islands
Arkani, S., Clarke, L. and Michielsens, E. 2003. Regulation for survival: training and skills in the construction labour market in Jersey, Channel Islands. Journal of Vocational Education and Training. 55 (3), pp. 261-279. https://doi.org/10.1080/13636820300200234

The state of construction training and employment in the local economy of Jersey
Arkani, S., Clarke, L. and Michielsens, E. 2003. The state of construction training and employment in the local economy of Jersey. Local Economy. 18 (3), pp. 196-207. https://doi.org/10.1080/0269094032000143368

'Front-loaded' vocational education versus lifelong learning: a critique of current UK government policy
Winch, C. and Clarke, L. 2003. 'Front-loaded' vocational education versus lifelong learning: a critique of current UK government policy. Oxford Review of Education. 29 (2), pp. 239-252. https://doi.org/10.1080/0305498032000080701

EU enlargement: construction labour relations as a pilot
Clarke, L., Cremers, J. and Janssen, J. 2003. EU enlargement: construction labour relations as a pilot. Brussels, Belgium Reed Business Information.

Gender and ethnic segregation in the British labour market: marginalisation and inclusion
Beck, V., Clarke, L. and Michielsens, E. 2003. Gender and ethnic segregation in the British labour market: marginalisation and inclusion. 3rd International Gender Work and Organisation Conference. Keele, UK 25-27 Jun 2003

Working with interpreters and translators in qualitative research: issues of quality and equality
Barnes, H. and Sahin-Dikmen, M. 2003. Working with interpreters and translators in qualitative research: issues of quality and equality. Social Research Association Annual Conference. London, UK 03 Dec 2003

Making second chances work : final report from the Qualitative Evaluation of Adult Basic Skills Pathfinder Extension Activities
Barnes, H., Hudson, M., Taylor, R.F., Parry, J. and Sahin-Dikmen, M. 2003. Making second chances work : final report from the Qualitative Evaluation of Adult Basic Skills Pathfinder Extension Activities. London, UK Department for Education and Skills.

Discrimination in Europe: Findings from analysis of EUROSTATS on perceptions and personal experiences
Sahin-Dikmen, M. 2002. Discrimination in Europe: Findings from analysis of EUROSTATS on perceptions and personal experiences. PSI Seminar Series. London

Discrimination in Europe (Report C)
Marsh, A. and Sahin-Dikmen, M. 2002. Discrimination in Europe (Report C). London, UK European Commission Directorate General, Employment and Social Affairs.

Discrimination in Europe (Report B)
Marsh, A. and Sahin-Dikmen, M. 2002. Discrimination in Europe (Report B). London, UK European Commission Directorate General, Employment and Social Affairs.

Discrimination in Europe (Report A)
Marsh, A. and Sahin-Dikmen, M. 2002. Discrimination in Europe (Report A). London, UK European Commission Directorate General, Employment and Social Affairs.

The institutionalisation of class divisions: education and training for professionals and operatives in the construction industry.
Clarke, L. and Herrmann, G. 2002. The institutionalisation of class divisions: education and training for professionals and operatives in the construction industry. First International Conference on Training, Employability and Employment. London, UK 11-12 Jul 2002

Regulation of the labour process vs. control of the building product
Clarke, L. and Beck, V. 2002. Regulation of the labour process vs. control of the building product. 20th Annual International Labour Process Conference. Strathclyde, UK 02-04 Apr 2002

Gender and ethnic segregation in the British labour market: mechanisms of marginalisation and inclusion
Beck, V., Clarke, L. and Michielsens, E. 2002. Gender and ethnic segregation in the British labour market: mechanisms of marginalisation and inclusion. Gender Research Forum: the Gender Pay and Productivity Gap. London, UK 08 Nov 2002

Equality for women and ethnic minorities in an unequal labour market: comparing the UK and Germany.
Beck, V., Clarke, L. and Michielsens, E. 2002. Equality for women and ethnic minorities in an unequal labour market: comparing the UK and Germany. BUIRA 2002 Annual Conference. Stirling, UK 04 Jul - 06 Jul 2002

Gleichstellung von Frauen und ethnische Minderheiten in einem von Benachteilingungen gepraegten Arbeitsmarkt: Das Beispiel Grossbritannien
Beck, V. and Clarke, L. 2002. Gleichstellung von Frauen und ethnische Minderheiten in einem von Benachteilingungen gepraegten Arbeitsmarkt: Das Beispiel Grossbritannien. Zeitschrift fur Frauenforschung Geschlecterstudien. 1/2, pp. 89-97.

Minority ethnic students and practitioners in architecture: a scoping study for the Commission for Architecture and the Built Environment
Barnes, H., Bonjour, D. and Sahin-Dikmen, M. 2002. Minority ethnic students and practitioners in architecture: a scoping study for the Commission for Architecture and the Built Environment. London, UK Commission for Architecture and the Built Environment.

Regulation and control of the labour process and the division of skill
Arkani, S., Clarke, L. and Herrmann, G. 2002. Regulation and control of the labour process and the division of skill. 20th Annual International Labour Process Conference. Glasgow, UK 02-04 Apr 2002

How insular is an island?: training, skills and the construction labour market in Jersey, Channel Islands
Michielsens, E., Clarke, L. and Arkani, S. 2001. How insular is an island?: training, skills and the construction labour market in Jersey, Channel Islands. 19th Annual International Labour Process Conference. London, UK 26-28 Mar 2001

Diverse equality: the example of the construction sector
Clarke, L. and Michielsens, E. 2001. Diverse equality: the example of the construction sector. in: Noon, M. and Ogbonna, E. (ed.) Equality, diversity and disadvantage in employment Basingstoke, UK Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 118-135

Innovation and skills: a transnational study of skills, education and training for prefabrication in housing
Clarke, L. and Herrmann, G. 2001. Innovation and skills: a transnational study of skills, education and training for prefabrication in housing. London, UK University of Westminster Business School.

Cost versus production: disparities in construction labour process in Europe
Clarke, L. and Herrmann, G. 2001. Cost versus production: disparities in construction labour process in Europe. 19th Annual International Labour Process Conference. London, UK 26-28 Mar 2001

Craft versus industry: the division of labour in European housing construction
Clarke, L. and Wall, C. 2000. Craft versus industry: the division of labour in European housing construction. Construction Management and Economics. 18 (6), pp. 689-698. https://doi.org/10.1080/014461900414745

Balancing acts in construction: a study of two women painters in Denmark and Britain
Clarke, L., Pedersen, E.F. and Wall, C. 1999. Balancing acts in construction: a study of two women painters in Denmark and Britain. NORA - Nordic Journal of Feminist and Gender Research. 7 (2), pp. 138-150. https://doi.org/10.1080/08038749950167652

UK construction skills in the context of European developments
Clarke, L. and Wall, C. 1998. UK construction skills in the context of European developments. Construction Management and Economics. 16 (5), pp. 553-567. https://doi.org/10.1080/014461998372097

Desegregating construction
Wall, C., Clarke, L. and Michielsens, E. 1998. Desegregating construction. Work, Employment and Society Conference. University of Cambridge 14th -16th September 1998

Blueprint for change: construction skills training in Britain
Wall, C. and Clarke, L. Padayachee, V. (ed.) 1998. Blueprint for change: construction skills training in Britain. Policy Press.

A fair day's work: women in direct labour organisations
Wall, C., Clarke, L. and Michielsens, E. 1997. A fair day's work: women in direct labour organisations. London Women and Manual Trades.

Staying power: women in direct labour building teams
Wall, C. and Clarke, L. 1996. Staying power: women in direct labour building teams. London Women and Manual Trades.

Skills and the construction process: a comparative study of vocational training and quality in social housebuilding
Wall, C. and Clarke, L. 1996. Skills and the construction process: a comparative study of vocational training and quality in social housebuilding. Policy Press.

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