Omitted from history: women in the building trades

Looking for a 'just transition': Sustainable forestry in Sweden and biodiverse beet sugar production in Denmark
Clarke, L. and Sahin-Dikmen, M. 2024. Looking for a 'just transition': Sustainable forestry in Sweden and biodiverse beet sugar production in Denmark. European Journal of Industrial Relations. Advanced online publication. https://doi.org/10.1177/09596801241274578

SCAFFOLD: Improving Training, Working Conditions, and Transformation in the European Scaffolding Sector
Clarke, L., Duran-Palma, F. and Georgiadou, M. 2024. SCAFFOLD: Improving Training, Working Conditions, and Transformation in the European Scaffolding Sector. Brussels CLR.

Women in Construction, Wood and Forestry: a Resource Toolkit for Gender Equality at Work
Schiano-Phan, R., Guedes, C., Georgiadou, M., Clarke, L. and Duran-Palma, F. 2023. Women in Construction, Wood and Forestry: a Resource Toolkit for Gender Equality at Work. Brussels, Belgium European Federation of Building and Woodworkers. https://doi.org/10.34737/w7608

The pursuit of pleasurable work: Craftwork in twenty-first century England
Wall, Christine 2023. The pursuit of pleasurable work: Craftwork in twenty-first century England. British Journal of Educational Studies. 71 (6), pp. 728-730. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071005.2023.2234171

Building it Green: European Report
Clarke, L., Sahin-Dikmen, M. and Winch C. 2023. Building it Green: European Report.

The Impact of Political Factors on International Student Mobility
Dilek Fidler, S., Clarke, L. and Wang, Y. 2022. The Impact of Political Factors on International Student Mobility. British Educational Research Journal. 49 (2), pp. 352-369. https://doi.org/10.1002/berj.3846

Vocational education and training for a greener construction sector: low road or high road approaches to apprenticeships?
Clarke, L., Sahin-Dikmen, M. and Winch, C. 2022. Vocational education and training for a greener construction sector: low road or high road approaches to apprenticeships? in: Apprenticeships for green economies and societies Luxembourg Publications Office of the European Union. pp. 87-96

A just and green transition to a carbon-neutral society: are union strategies at global level implemented locally?
Sahin-Dikmen, M. and Clarke, L. 2021. A just and green transition to a carbon-neutral society: are union strategies at global level implemented locally? The 39th International Labour Process Conference. Online 12 - 14 Apr 2021 University of Greenwich.

Why radical transformation is necessary for gender equality and a zero carbon European construction sector
Clarke, L. and Sahin-Dikmen, M. 2021. Why radical transformation is necessary for gender equality and a zero carbon European construction sector. in: Magnusdottir, G.L. and Kronsell, A. (ed.) Gender, intersectionality and Climate Institutions in Industrialized States London and New York Routledge. pp. 164-180

Comparative VET European Research since the 1980s: Accommodating Changes in VET Systems and Labour Markets
Clarke, L., Westerhuis, A. and Winch, C. 2021. Comparative VET European Research since the 1980s: Accommodating Changes in VET Systems and Labour Markets. Journal of Vocational Education and Training. 73 (2), pp. 295-315. https://doi.org/10.1080/13636820.2020.1858938

Transforming vocational education and training for nearly zero-energy building
Sahin-Dikmen, M., Clarke, L. and Winch, C. 2020. Transforming vocational education and training for nearly zero-energy building. Buildings and Cities. 1 (1), pp. 650-661. https://doi.org/10.5334/bc.56

Towards nearly zero energy building in Europe: the challenge of vocational education and training for the construction industry
Clarke, L., Duran-Palma, F. and Sahin-Dikmen, M. 2020. Towards nearly zero energy building in Europe: the challenge of vocational education and training for the construction industry. in: Leal Filho W., Azul A.M., Brandli L., Lange Salvia A. and Wall T. (ed.) Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals: SDG9Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation Switzerland Springer.

Unions and the green transition in construction in Europe: contrasting visions
Clarke, L. and Sahin-Dikmen, M. 2020. Unions and the green transition in construction in Europe: contrasting visions . European Journal of Industrial Relations. 26 (4), pp. 401-418. https://doi.org/10.1177/0959680120951705

Future conditional: from Just Transition to radical transformation?
Clarke, L. and Lipsig-Mummé, C. 2020. Future conditional: from Just Transition to radical transformation? European Journal of Industrial Relations. 26 (4), pp. 351-366. https://doi.org/10.1177/0959680120951684

Overcoming diverse approaches to vocational education and training to combat climate change - the case of low energy construction in Europe
Clarke, L., Sahin-Dikmen, M. and Winch, C. 2020. Overcoming diverse approaches to vocational education and training to combat climate change - the case of low energy construction in Europe . Oxford Review of Education. 46 (5), pp. 619-636. https://doi.org/10.1080/03054985.2020.1745167

The changing nature of labour regulation: the distinctiveness of the National Agreement for the Engineering Construction Industry (NAECI)
Clarke, L. and Fitzgerald, I. 2020. The changing nature of labour regulation: the distinctiveness of the National Agreement for the Engineering Construction Industry (NAECI). Industrial Relations Journal. 51 (1-2), pp. 58-74. https://doi.org/10.1111/irj.12280

“It Was a Totally Different Approach to Building!”: Constructing Architectural Concrete in 1960s London
Wall, C. 2019. “It Was a Totally Different Approach to Building!”: Constructing Architectural Concrete in 1960s London. in: Gosseye, J., Stead, N. and van der Plaat, D. (ed.) Speaking of Buildings: Oral History in Architectural Research New York Princeton Architectural Press. pp. 50-75

It Was a Totally Different Approach to Building! Constructing architectural concrete in 1960s
Wall, C. 2019. It Was a Totally Different Approach to Building! Constructing architectural concrete in 1960s. in: Gosseye, J., Stead, N. and van der Plaat, D. (ed.) Speaking of Buildings: Oral History in Architectural Research Princeton Architectural Press. pp. 50-75

Vocational Education and Training for Low Energy Construction in Europe
Sahin-Dikmen, M. and Clarke, L. 2019. Vocational Education and Training for Low Energy Construction in Europe. Transforming Construction into a Green Industry. University of Westminster 18 Jul 2019

Inclusive Vocational Education and Training for Low Energy Construction: VET4LEC Final Report and Country Summaries
Clarke, L., Gleeson, C.P., Sahin-Dikmen, M., Winch, C. and Duran-Palma, F. 2019. Inclusive Vocational Education and Training for Low Energy Construction: VET4LEC Final Report and Country Summaries. Brussels European Commission.

City Building (Glasgow): Inspirational model low energy construction and direct labour
Clarke, L. and Sahin-Dikmen, M. 2019. City Building (Glasgow): Inspirational model low energy construction and direct labour. Scottish Left Review. 110.

Trade unions and the green transition in construction: challenges and opportunities
Clarke, L. and Sahin-Dikmen, M. 2019. Trade unions and the green transition in construction: challenges and opportunities. International Labour Process Conference. University of Vienna 24 - 26 Apr 2019

Introduction for Building Capitalism
Clarke, L. 2018. Introduction for Building Capitalism. in: L’Histoire de la construction/ Construction History: Relevé d’un chantier européen /Survey of a European Building Site Paris Classiques Garnier. pp. 591-598

From Craft to Qualified Labour in Britain: a comparative approach
Clarke, L. 2018. From Craft to Qualified Labour in Britain: a comparative approach. in: L’Histoire de la construction/ Construction History: Relevé d’un chantier européen / Survey of a European Building Site. Tome II Paris Classiques Garnier. pp. 737-765

Builiding Capitalism Introduction
Clarke, L. 2018. Builiding Capitalism Introduction . in: L’Histoire de la construction/ Construction History: Relevé d’un chantier européen / Survey of a European Building Site. Tome II Paris Classiques Garnier. pp. 591-598

Green Transitions in the Built Environment: Europe
Clarke, L., Sahin-Dikmen, M. and Gleeson, C.P. 2018. Green Transitions in the Built Environment: Europe. Adapting Canadian Work and Workplaces to Respond to Climate Change: Canada in International Perspective.

Green transitions in the built environment in Europe
Clarke, L. and Sahin-Dikmen, M. 2018. Green transitions in the built environment in Europe. Workshop: What kind of green and just transition?. University of Westminster 12 - 12 Jul 2018

Challenges for vocational education and training for low energy construction in Europe: divergent contexts, approaches and practices
Clarke, L. and Sahin-Dikmen, M. 2018. Challenges for vocational education and training for low energy construction in Europe: divergent contexts, approaches and practices. Sustainability and Green Jobs Seminar, Middlesex University. Middlesex University 22 Mar 2018

Transforming the employment relation in construction to achieve energy efficiency: the need for a new coalition of actors
Sahin-Dikmen, M. and Clarke, L. 2018. Transforming the employment relation in construction to achieve energy efficiency: the need for a new coalition of actors. British Universities Industrial Relations Association (BUIRA) Conference. Middlesex University, London 27 - 29 Jun 2018

A collection of voices
Wall, C. 2018. A collection of voices. The Modernist. Winter (29).

Normierung im Praxistext – Arbeit und Normierung im Großbritannien der Nachkriegsmoderne
Wall, C. 2018. Normierung im Praxistext – Arbeit und Normierung im Großbritannien der Nachkriegsmoderne. Arch+. 233, pp. 142-147.

Gender Differentiation in Media Industries. Man-made media? Muted Women
Knowles, D., Clarke, L., Michielsens, E. and Snijders, S. 2018. Gender Differentiation in Media Industries. Man-made media? Muted Women.

Misplaced Gender diversity policies and practices in the British construction industry: developing and inclusive and transforming strategy
Clarke, L., Michielsens, E. and Snijders, S. 2018. Misplaced Gender diversity policies and practices in the British construction industry: developing and inclusive and transforming strategy. in: Emuze, F. and Smallwood, J. (ed.) Valuing People in Construction Abingdon Routledge. pp. 130-150

Contradictions between Artisan and Wage Labour Production: Non–Simultaneity in the Building of Somers Town from the End of the Eighteenth Century
Clarke, L. 2018. Contradictions between Artisan and Wage Labour Production: Non–Simultaneity in the Building of Somers Town from the End of the Eighteenth Century. in: Heine, E.-C. and Rauhut, C. (ed.) Producing Non-Simultaneity: construction sites as places of progressiveness and continuity Abingdon Routledge.

William Arrol and Peter Lind: demolition, construction and workmanship on London’s Waterloo Bridges 1934 -1946
Wall, C. 2018. William Arrol and Peter Lind: demolition, construction and workmanship on London’s Waterloo Bridges 1934 -1946. 6th International Congress on Construction History. Brussels 09 - 13 Jul 2018

Lost lesbian spaces: memories of an urban community in 1970s London
Wall, C. 2018. Lost lesbian spaces: memories of an urban community in 1970s London. European Social Science History Conference. Queen's University, Belfast 04 - 07 Apr 2018

‘Nuclear prospects’: the siting and construction of Sizewell A power station 1957-1966
Wall, C. 2018. ‘Nuclear prospects’: the siting and construction of Sizewell A power station 1957-1966. Contemporary British History. 33 (2), pp. 246-273. https://doi.org/10.1080/13619462.2018.1519424

Constructing Brutalism: in situ knowledge and skill on London's South Bank
Wall, C. 2018. Constructing Brutalism: in situ knowledge and skill on London's South Bank. in: Heine, E.-C. and Rauhut, C. (ed.) Producing non-simultaneity: construction sites as places of progressiveness and continuity Farnham, Surrey Ashgate. pp. 95-109

DLO Examples Today: Wakefield District Housing and Glasgow City Council
Clarke, L. and Sahin-Dikmen, M. 2017. DLO Examples Today: Wakefield District Housing and Glasgow City Council. Workshop: Direct Labour Past and Present-The Answer to the Housing Crisis, Construction Training and Low Energy Building?. University of Westminster 13 - 13 Jul 2017

Women and Low Energy Construction in Europe: a new opportunity?
Clarke, L., Gleeson, C.P. and Wall, C. 2017. Women and Low Energy Construction in Europe: a new opportunity? in: Griffin Cohen, M. (ed.) Climate Change and Gender in Rich Countries: Work, Public Policy and Action Earthscan. pp. 55-69

Constructing Post-War Britain: building workers stories
Wall, C. and Clarke, L. 2017. Constructing Post-War Britain: building workers stories.

Building Brussels: Building Brutalism
Wall, C. 2017. Building Brussels: Building Brutalism. Building Brussels. Brussels 09 Jun 2017

Standardization on Site: skill and the construction process in mid-twentieth century Britain
Wall, C. 2017. Standardization on Site: skill and the construction process in mid-twentieth century Britain. Standard Architecture Symposium . Deutsches Architekturmuseum, Frankfurt am Main, Germany 19 - 22 Oct 2017

“We don’t have leaders! We’re doing it ourselves!”: squatting, feminism and built environment activism in 1970s London
Wall, C. 2017. “We don’t have leaders! We’re doing it ourselves!”: squatting, feminism and built environment activism in 1970s London. field: Journal. 7 (1), pp. 129-140.

Manmade Media? The Muffled Voices of Women
Knowles, D., Snijders, S., Clarke, L., Michielsens, E. and Goodacre, H. 2017. Manmade Media? The Muffled Voices of Women. 10th Equality, Diversity and Inclusion Conference. Brunel Business School, Brunel University London 28 - 30 Jun 2017

Disparities in Labour and VET in meeting LEC targets
Sahin-Dikmen, M. and Clarke, L. 2017. Disparities in Labour and VET in meeting LEC targets. ILPC . Sheffield 04 - 07 Apr 2017

Sisterhood and Squatting in the 1970s: Feminism, Housing and Urban Change in Hackney
Wall, C. 2017. Sisterhood and Squatting in the 1970s: Feminism, Housing and Urban Change in Hackney. History Workshop Journal. 83 (1), pp. 79-97. https://doi.org/10.1093/hwj/dbx024

What kind of expertise is needed for low energy construction
Clarke, L., Gleeson, C.P. and Winch, C. 2017. What kind of expertise is needed for low energy construction. Construction Management and Economics. 35 (3), pp. 78-89. https://doi.org/10.1080/01446193.2016.1248988

New notions of value in Modern Architecture
Wall, C. 2017. New notions of value in Modern Architecture. in: Modern Futures London Unicorn Books.

Explaining diverging VET systems and approaches in the post-war construction sector: the examples of Britain and the Federal Republic of Germany
Clarke, L. and Janssen, J. 2016. Explaining diverging VET systems and approaches in the post-war construction sector: the examples of Britain and the Federal Republic of Germany. in: Berner, E. and Gonon, P. (ed.) History of Vocational Education and Training in Europe: Cases, Concepts and Challenges Bern, Switzerland Peter Lang. pp. 531-550

On Site
Beech, N., Clarke, L., Wall, C. and Fitzgerald, I. 2016. On Site. in: Lloyd Thomas, K., Amhoff, T. and Beech, N. (ed.) Industries of Architecture Routledge.

Lessons from abroad: the need for employee involvement, regulation and education for broad occupational profiles – the case of construction’ in Where next for apprenticeships?
Clarke, L. and Winch, C. 2016. Lessons from abroad: the need for employee involvement, regulation and education for broad occupational profiles – the case of construction’ in Where next for apprenticeships? in: Where next for apprenticeships? Policy report London Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development.

‘Through Trade Unionism you felt a belonging – you belonged’: Collectivism and the Self-Representation of Building Workers in Stevenage New Town
McGuire, C., Clarke L. and Wall, C. 2016. ‘Through Trade Unionism you felt a belonging – you belonged’: Collectivism and the Self-Representation of Building Workers in Stevenage New Town. Labour History Review. 81 (3), pp. 211-236. https://doi.org/10.3828/lhr.2016.11

No More Softly, Softly: Women in the Construction Workforce
Clarke L., Michielsens, E., Snijders, S., Wall, C., Dainty, A., Bagilhole, B. and Barnard, S. 2015. No More Softly, Softly: Women in the Construction Workforce . London ProBE.

No more softly, softly: review of women in the construction workforce
Clarke, L., Michielsens, E., Snijders, S. and Wall, C. 2015. No more softly, softly: review of women in the construction workforce. ProBE publication.

Have Anglo-Saxon concepts really influenced the development of European qualifications policy?
Clarke, L. 2015. Have Anglo-Saxon concepts really influenced the development of European qualifications policy? Research in Comparative and International Education. 10 (4), pp. 593-606. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745499915613247

'Raising the bar’ for the representation of women in the construction workforce
Wall, C., Clarke, L., Michielsens, E. and Snijders, S. 2015. 'Raising the bar’ for the representation of women in the construction workforce. London University of Westminster with University of Loughborough.

Modular men: architects, labour and standardisation in mid 20th century Britain
Wall, C. 2015. Modular men: architects, labour and standardisation in mid 20th century Britain. in: Lloyd Thomas, K., Amhoff, T. and Beech, N. (ed.) Industries of architecture London Routledge.

Are women ‘not up to’ working in construction – at all times and everywhere?
Clarke, L. and Wall, C. 2014. Are women ‘not up to’ working in construction – at all times and everywhere? in: Munn, M. (ed.) Building the future: women in construction London Smith Institute. pp. 10-19

Building by Direct Labour: the significance of Direct Labour Organisations in the provision of public housing in the UK 1890-1980, Queens’ College, Cambridge, 11 - 12 April 2014
Clarke, L. 2014. Building by Direct Labour: the significance of Direct Labour Organisations in the provision of public housing in the UK 1890-1980, Queens’ College, Cambridge, 11 - 12 April 2014. in: Campbell, J.W.P., Andrews, W., Bill, N., Draper, K., Fleming, P. and Pan, Y. (ed.) Proceedings of the first Construction History Society Conference Construction History Society.

Diversity in STEMM: Establishing a Business Case
Wright, A., Michielsens, E., Snijders, S., Kumarappan, L., Williamson, M., Clarke, L. and Urwin, P. 2014. Diversity in STEMM: Establishing a Business Case. Royal Society.

Der Widerspruch zwischen nationalen Berufsbildungssystemen und dem europäischen Arbeitsmarkt: der Fall der Maurerqualifikationen
Clarke, L., Winch, C. and Brockmann, M. 2014. Der Widerspruch zwischen nationalen Berufsbildungssystemen und dem europäischen Arbeitsmarkt: der Fall der Maurerqualifikationen. WSI Mitteilungen. 1/2014, pp. 60-69.

Women and Low Energy Construction in Europe
Clarke, L. and Wall, C. 2014. Women and Low Energy Construction in Europe. Women and Environments. 94/95, pp. 26-27.

Business Case for diversity in the scientific workforce
Wright, A.M., Clarke, L., Michielsens, E., Snijders, S. and Williamson, M. 2014. Business Case for diversity in the scientific workforce. Royal Society.

Are women ‘not up to’ working in construction – at all times and everywhere?
Wall, C. and Clarke, L. 2014. Are women ‘not up to’ working in construction – at all times and everywhere? London The Smith Institute.

Recording the ‘building world’: how oral history transforms construction history
Wall, C. 2014. Recording the ‘building world’: how oral history transforms construction history. The First Construction History Society Conference & Annual General Meeting. Queens’ College, University of Cambridge 12 Apr 2014 Construction History Society.

Managing diversity through flexible-work arrangements: management perspectives
Bingham, C., Michielsens, E. and Clarke, L. 2014. Managing diversity through flexible-work arrangements: management perspectives. Employee Relations. 36 (1), pp. 49-69. https://doi.org/10.1108/ER-06-2012-0048

Trade-based skills versus occupational capacity: the example of bricklaying in Europe
Clarke, L., Winch, C. and Brockmann, M. 2013. Trade-based skills versus occupational capacity: the example of bricklaying in Europe. Work, Employment & Society. 27 (6), pp. 932-951. https://doi.org/10.1177/0950017013481639

Towards a social model approach?: British and Dutch disability policies in the health sector compared
Bingham, C., Michielsens, E., Clarke, L. and van der Meer, M. 2013. Towards a social model approach?: British and Dutch disability policies in the health sector compared. Personnel Review. 42 (5), pp. 613-637. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-08-2011-0120

Rethinking Brutalist Buildings: their soul is in their making
Muñoz-Rojas, O., Wall, C. and Clarke, L. 2013. Rethinking Brutalist Buildings: their soul is in their making. in: Gheran, N.L. and Monteith, K. (ed.) Monstrous Spaces: the Other Frontier Oxford Brill. pp. 93-104

Transnacionais: Um Estudo de Quatro Profisses em Quatro Paises no Contexto do Quadro Europeu de Qualficacoes (QEQ)
Clarke, L. and Brockmann, M. 2013. Transnacionais: Um Estudo de Quatro Profisses em Quatro Paises no Contexto do Quadro Europeu de Qualficacoes (QEQ). in: Ensino Profissional Lisbon Fundacao Francisco Manuel dos Santos.

An architecture of parts: architects, building workers and industrialisation in Britain 1940-1970
Wall, C. 2013. An architecture of parts: architects, building workers and industrialisation in Britain 1940-1970. Abingdon Routledge.

Constructing London’s satellite towns: building workers in Stevenage new town 1950–70
Wall, C. 2013. Constructing London’s satellite towns: building workers in Stevenage new town 1950–70. Mobilising London's Housing Histories: The Provision of Homes since 1850. Centre for Metropolitan History: Institute of Historical Research 27th-28th June

Battles on the Barbican: the struggle for trade unionism in the British building industry, 1965-7
McGuire, C., Clarke, L. and Wall, C. 2013. Battles on the Barbican: the struggle for trade unionism in the British building industry, 1965-7. History Workshop Journal. 75 (1), pp. 33-57. https://doi.org/10.1093/hwj/dbs033

The neglected role of labour in low energy construction: ‘thermal literacy’ and the difference between design intention and performance
Gleeson, C.P. and Clarke, L. 2013. The neglected role of labour in low energy construction: ‘thermal literacy’ and the difference between design intention and performance. Work in a Warming World: Labour, Climate Change, and Social Struggle. Toronto, Canada 29 Nov - 01 Dec 2013

Implementing the EQF: English as distinct from continental bricklaying qualifications
Brockmann, M., Clarke, L. and Winch, C. 2013. Implementing the EQF: English as distinct from continental bricklaying qualifications. in: Deitmer, L., Hauschildt, U., Rauner, F. and Zelloth, H. (ed.) The architecture of innovative apprenticeship Dordrecht Springer.

Nostalgia as a postscript: building workers’ memories of large construction sites in 1960s Britain
Wall, C. and McGuire, C. 2012. Nostalgia as a postscript: building workers’ memories of large construction sites in 1960s Britain. European Social Science History Conference. Glasgow 11-14 April

The art of concrete: building the South Bank arts centre
Wall, C., Clarke, L., McGuire, C. and Munoz-Rojas, O. 2012. The art of concrete: building the South Bank arts centre. University of Westminster.

Building the M1 motorway
Wall, C., Clarke, L., McGuire, C. and Munoz-Rojas, O. 2012. Building the M1 motorway. University of Westminster.

Building the Barbican 1962-1982
Wall, C., Clarke, L., McGuire, C. and Munoz-Rojas, O. 2012. Building the Barbican 1962-1982. University of Westminster.

Something to show for it: the place of mementoes in women’s oral histories of work
Wall, C. 2012. Something to show for it: the place of mementoes in women’s oral histories of work. in: Goodwin, J. (ed.) Sage biographical research. Volume four: other documents of life: photographs, cyber documents and ephemera London Sage.

It was a new world: building Sizewell a nuclear power station
Wall, C. 2012. It was a new world: building Sizewell a nuclear power station. University of Westminster.

Concrete constructors: oral history accounts of building work on a large, complex site in 1960s Britain
Wall, C. 2012. Concrete constructors: oral history accounts of building work on a large, complex site in 1960s Britain. in: Carvais, R., Guillerme, A., Nègre, V. and Sakarovitch, J. (ed.) Nuts and bolts of construction history: culture, technology and society Picard.

The development of building labour in Britain in the twentieth century: is it distinct from elsewhere in Europe?
Clarke, L., McGuire, C. and Wall, C. 2012. The development of building labour in Britain in the twentieth century: is it distinct from elsewhere in Europe? in: Dainty, A. and Loosemore, M. (ed.) Human resource management in construction: critical perspectives (2nd edition) Taylor & Francis. pp. 51-79

Cross-national equivalence of skills and qualifications across Europe: EQF LC impact case study
Clarke, L. 2012. Cross-national equivalence of skills and qualifications across Europe: EQF LC impact case study.

Introduction in 'Climate change and construction labour'
Gleeson, C.P. and Clarke, L. 2011. Introduction in 'Climate change and construction labour'. CLR News. (4), pp. 6-7.

Building a community: construction workers in Stevenage, 1950-1970
Wall, C., McGuire, C., Clarke, L. and Brockmann, M. 2011. Building a community: construction workers in Stevenage, 1950-1970. University of Westminster.

Representing identity and work in transition: the case of South Yorkshire coal mining communities in Britain
Wall, C., Kirk, J. and Jefferys, S. 2011. Representing identity and work in transition: the case of South Yorkshire coal mining communities in Britain. in: Kirk, J., Contrepois, S. and Jefferys, S. (ed.) Changing work and community identities in European regions: perspectives on the past and present Basingstoke Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 184-216

Work and identity: historical and cultural contexts
Kirk, J. and Wall, C. 2011. Work and identity: historical and cultural contexts. Basingstoke Palgrave Macmillan.

Establishing equivalence through zones of mutual trust
Clarke, L. and Westerhuis, A. 2011. Establishing equivalence through zones of mutual trust. in: Brockmann, M., Clarke, L., Winch, C., Hanf, G., Méhaut, P. and Westerhuis, A. (ed.) Knowledge, skills and competence in the European labour market: what's in a vocational qualification? Abingdon Routledge. pp. 136-148

The forthcoming Olympics in London
Clarke, L. and Holborough, A. 2011. The forthcoming Olympics in London. CLR News. 2, pp. 44-53.

What’s the point of industrial relations?
Clarke, L., Donnelly, E., Hyman, R., Kelly, J., McKay, S. and Moore, S. 2011. What’s the point of industrial relations? The International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations. 27 (3), pp. 239-253.

Trade? Job? Or occupation? The development of occupational labour markets for bricklaying and lorry driving
Clarke, L. 2011. Trade? Job? Or occupation? The development of occupational labour markets for bricklaying and lorry driving. in: Brockmann, M., Clarke, L., Winch, C., Hanf, G., Méhaut, P. and Westerhuis, A. (ed.) Knowledge, skills and competence in the European labour market: what's in a vocational qualification? Abingdon Routledge. pp. 102-119

Building capitalism: historical change and the labour process in the production of built environment
Clarke, L. 2011. Building capitalism: historical change and the labour process in the production of built environment. London Taylor & Francis.

Introduction: cross-national equivalence of skills and qualifications across Europe?
Brockmann, M., Clarke, L., Winch, C., Hanf, G., Méhaut, P. and Westerhuis, A. 2011. Introduction: cross-national equivalence of skills and qualifications across Europe? in: Brockmann, M., Clarke, L., Winch, C., Hanf, G., Méhaut, P. and Westerhuis, A. (ed.) Knowledge, skills and competence in the European labour market: what's in a vocational qualification? Abingdon Routledge. pp. 1-21

Europäische qualifikationen und unterschiedliche kompetenzkonzepte
Brockmann, M., Clarke, L. and Winch, C. 2011. Europäische qualifikationen und unterschiedliche kompetenzkonzepte. in: Fischer, M., Becker, M. and Spöttl, G. (ed.) Kompetenzdiagnostik in der beruflichen bildung: probleme und perspektiven Frankfurt am Main Peter Lang.

Resilience and loss in work identities: a narrative analysis of some retired teachers' work-life histories
Kirk, J. and Wall, C. 2010. Resilience and loss in work identities: a narrative analysis of some retired teachers' work-life histories. British Educational Research Journal. 36 (4), pp. 627-641. https://doi.org/10.1080/01411920903018216

The Apprenticeship Framework in England: a new beginning or a continuing sham?
Brockmann, M., Clarke, L. and Winch, C. 2010. The Apprenticeship Framework in England: a new beginning or a continuing sham? Journal of Education and Work. 23 (2), pp. 111-127. https://doi.org/10.1080/13639081003627439

Skilled versus qualified labour: the exclusion of women from the construction industry
Clarke, L. and Wall, C. 2010. Skilled versus qualified labour: the exclusion of women from the construction industry. in: Davis, M. (ed.) Class and gender in British labour history: Renewing the debate (or starting it?) Merlin Press.

The dynamics of migrant employment in construction: can supply of skilled labour ever match demand?
Chan, P., Clarke, L. and Dainty, A. 2010. The dynamics of migrant employment in construction: can supply of skilled labour ever match demand? in: Ruhs, M. and Anderson, B. (ed.) Who needs migrant workers? Labour shortages, immigration, and public policy Oxford Oxford University Press. pp. 225-255

The distinct nature of work-based VET in England: a reflection of employer interests?
Brockmann, M., Clarke, L. and Winch, C. 2010. The distinct nature of work-based VET in England: a reflection of employer interests? in: Smith, E. and Rauner, F. (ed.) Rediscovering apprenticeship: research findings of the International Network on Innovative Apprenticeship (INAP) Dordrecht Springer.

Enabling and disabling: disability in the British and Dutch construction sectors
Clarke, L., van der Meer, M., Bingham, C., Michielsens, E. and Miller, S. 2009. Enabling and disabling: disability in the British and Dutch construction sectors. Construction Management and Economics. 27 (6), pp. 555-566. https://doi.org/10.1080/01446190902977445

Something to show for it: the place of mementoes in women’s oral histories of work
Wall, C. 2009. Something to show for it: the place of mementoes in women’s oral histories of work. International Labour Process Conference 2009. Edinburgh April 2009 Sage. https://doi.org/10.1177/1744935910370194

Difficulties in recognising vocational skills and qualifications across Europe
Brockmann, M., Clarke, L. and Winch, C. 2009. Difficulties in recognising vocational skills and qualifications across Europe. Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy and Practice. 16 (1), pp. 97-109. https://doi.org/10.1080/09695940802704153

Biography, education and civic action: teaching generations and social change
Martin, J., Kirk, J., Wall, C. and Jefferys, S. 2009. Biography, education and civic action: teaching generations and social change. in: Wetherell, M. (ed.) Theorizing identities and social action Basingstoke Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 38-55

'A woman's place is where she wants to work': barriers to the entry and retention of women into the skilled building trades
Clarke, L. and Wall, C. 2009. 'A woman's place is where she wants to work': barriers to the entry and retention of women into the skilled building trades. Scottish Labour History. 44, pp. 16-39.

Competence and competency in the EQF and in European VET systems
Brockmann, M., Clarke, L. and Winch, C. 2009. Competence and competency in the EQF and in European VET systems. Journal of European Industrial Training. 33 (8/9), pp. 787-799. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090590910993634

Forum: A historical context for theories underpinning the production of the built environment
Clarke, L. and Janssen, J. 2008. Forum: A historical context for theories underpinning the production of the built environment. Building Research and Information. 36 (6), pp. 659-662. https://doi.org/10.1080/09613210802387659

Trade union education: some thoughts from the past
Clarke, L., Gold, M. and Stuttard, G. 2008. Trade union education: some thoughts from the past. Post-16 Educator. 48, pp. 21-23.

Competence-based vocational education and training (VET): the cases of England and France in a European perspective
Brockmann, M., Clarke, L., Méhaut, P. and Winch, C. 2008. Competence-based vocational education and training (VET): the cases of England and France in a European perspective. Vocations and Learning. 1 (3), pp. 227-244. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12186-008-9013-2

Obstacles to diversity in construction: the example of Heathrow Terminal 5
Clarke, L. and Gribling, M. 2008. Obstacles to diversity in construction: the example of Heathrow Terminal 5. Construction Management and Economics. 26 (10), pp. 1055-1065. https://doi.org/10.1080/01446190802326776

Knowledge, skills, competence: European divergences in vocational education and training (VET): the English, German and Dutch cases
Brockmann, M., Clarke, L. and Winch, C. 2008. Knowledge, skills, competence: European divergences in vocational education and training (VET): the English, German and Dutch cases. Oxford Review of Education. 34 (5), pp. 547-567. https://doi.org/10.1080/03054980701782098

Researching teachers' working lives: findings from the ESRC project 'Does work still shape social identity and action?'
Wall, C. 2008. Researching teachers' working lives: findings from the ESRC project 'Does work still shape social identity and action?'. History of Education Lunchtime Seminar Series. Institute of Education, University of London 11th June 2008

Work memorabilia and affect in oral histories of work
Wall, C. 2008. Work memorabilia and affect in oral histories of work. Rethinking Labour: Labour, Affect and Material Culture. University College Dublin 18th, 19th and 20th April 2008

Implementing diversity employment policies: examples from large London companies
Michielsens, E., Bingham, C., Clarke, L., Miller, S., Urwin, P.J., Siara, B. and Karuk, V. 2008. Implementing diversity employment policies: examples from large London companies. London London First and University of Westminster.

Picturing an occupational identity: images of teachers in careers and trade union publications 1940-2000
Wall, C. 2008. Picturing an occupational identity: images of teachers in careers and trade union publications 1940-2000. History of Education. 37 (2), pp. 317-340. https://doi.org/10.1080/00467600701878038

Integrating the visual: work identities in teaching, banking and railways
Wall, C. 2008. Integrating the visual: work identities in teaching, banking and railways. Does Work Still Shape Social Identities and Action: Project Seminar. The Women's Library, London Metropolitan University Wednesday 16 July 2008

Zones of mutual trust? Qualifications, occupations and skills: the cases of England, France, Netherlands and German
Clarke, L., Brockmann, M. and Winch, C. 2008. Zones of mutual trust? Qualifications, occupations and skills: the cases of England, France, Netherlands and German. International Labour Process Conference. Dublin 18 – 20 March 2008

Apprenticeship in England: scope for expansion?
Clarke, L., Brockmann, M. and Winch, C. 2008. Apprenticeship in England: scope for expansion? Network on Innovative Apprenticeship Conference (INAP). Vienna 1 - 2 Feb 2008

Zones of Mutual Trust? Qualifications, occupations and skills: the cases of England, France, Netherlands and Germany
Clarke, L. 2008. Zones of Mutual Trust? Qualifications, occupations and skills: the cases of England, France, Netherlands and Germany. Industrial Relations in Europe Conference (IREC). University of Greenwich 23 – 25 June 2008

Convergence or divergence in competence-based VET systems: occupational families of trust and mistrust in England, France, the Netherlands and Germany
Clarke, L. 2008. Convergence or divergence in competence-based VET systems: occupational families of trust and mistrust in England, France, the Netherlands and Germany. 9th International Conference on Human Resource Development, Symposium on European approaches to competence. Lille 21 – 23 May 2008

Länderübergreifende gleichwertigkeit beruflicher fertigkeiten und qualifikationen
Brockmann, M., Clarke, L. and Winch, C. 2008. Länderübergreifende gleichwertigkeit beruflicher fertigkeiten und qualifikationen. Berufsbildung in Wissenschaft und Praxis, Zeitschrift des Bundesinstituts fur Berufssbildung. 5.

Can performance-related learning outcomes have standards?
Brockmann, M., Clarke, L. and Winch, C. 2008. Can performance-related learning outcomes have standards? Journal of European Industrial Training. 32 (2/3), pp. 99-113. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090590810861659

Memories of work: exploring identities through visual and oral approaches
Wall, C. and Kirk, J. 2007. Memories of work: exploring identities through visual and oral approaches. Working Lives Research Institute open seminar. London Metropolitan University 7th November 2007

A social or a capabilities model? Approaches to disability in the construction and health sectors in Britain and the Netherlands compared
van der Meer, M., Clarke, L., Michielsens, E. and Miller, S. 2007. A social or a capabilities model? Approaches to disability in the construction and health sectors in Britain and the Netherlands compared. SASE 19th Annual Meeting on Socio-Economics. Copenhagen Business School, Denmark 28 - 30 Jun 2007

The use of photographs in eliciting work-life histories: a tool for international comparisons?
Wall, C. 2007. The use of photographs in eliciting work-life histories: a tool for international comparisons? Journees Internationales De Sociologie Du Travail (JIST) - the biennial French Sociology of Work Conference. London Metropolitan University 20th - 22nd June 2007

Vocational education: conceptual differences between Britain and Germany
Clarke, L. and Winch, C. 2007. Vocational education: conceptual differences between Britain and Germany. in: Beichel, J.J. and Fees, K. (ed.) Bildung oder outcome?: Leitideen der standardisierten Schule im Diskurs Herbolzheim, Germany Centaurus Verlag.

Skill shortages, recruitment and retention in the housebuilding sector
Clarke, L. and Herrmann, G. 2007. Skill shortages, recruitment and retention in the housebuilding sector. Personnel Review. 36 (4), pp. 509-527. https://doi.org/10.1108/00483480710752777

Divergent divisions of labour
Clarke, L. 2007. Divergent divisions of labour. in: Dainty, A., Green, S. and Bagilhole, B. (ed.) People and culture in construction: a reader Taylor & Francis.

European skills framework? - but what are skills? Anglo-Saxon versus German concepts
Clarke, L. and Winch, C. 2006. European skills framework? - but what are skills? Anglo-Saxon versus German concepts. Journal of Education and Work. 19 (3), pp. 255-269. https://doi.org/10.1080/13639080600776870

Valuing labour
Clarke, L. 2006. Valuing labour. Building Research and Information. 34 (3), pp. 246-256. https://doi.org/10.1080/09613210600635176

Vocational education: international approaches, developments and systems
Clarke, L. and Winch, C. 2006. Vocational education: international approaches, developments and systems. London, UK Routledge.

Women in manual trades
Clarke, L., Michielsens, E. and Wall, C. 2006. Women in manual trades. in: Gale, A.W. and Davidson, M.J. (ed.) Managing diversity and equality in construction: initiatives and practice London, UK Taylor & Francis. pp. 151-168

Enabling and disabling labour market sectors; disability and employment in Britain and the Netherlands
Bingham, C., Clarke, L., Michielsens, E. and Miller, S. 2006. Enabling and disabling labour market sectors; disability and employment in Britain and the Netherlands. 24th Annual International Labour Process Conference. London, UK 10-12 Apr 2006

Gender and ethnic minority exclusion from skilled occupations in construction: a Western European comparison
Byrne, J., Clarke, L. and van der Meer, M. 2005. Gender and ethnic minority exclusion from skilled occupations in construction: a Western European comparison. Construction Management and Economics. 23 (10), pp. 1025-1034. https://doi.org/10.1080/01446190500310759

From craft to qualified building labour in Britain: a comparative approach
Clarke, L. 2005. From craft to qualified building labour in Britain: a comparative approach. Labor History. 46 (4), pp. 473-493. https://doi.org/10.1080/00236560500266274

The European construction social partners: gender equality in theory and practice
Clarke, L., Pedersen, E.F., Michielsens, E. and Susman, B. 2005. The European construction social partners: gender equality in theory and practice. European Journal of Industrial Relations. 11 (2), pp. 151-177. https://doi.org/10.1177/0959680105053961

Using visual sources: a methodical appraisal
Wall, C. 2005. Using visual sources: a methodical appraisal. ESRC Identities and Social Action Programme Research Fellows Workshop. The Open University, Milton Keynes 25th October 2005

The charter of fundamental rights: what guarantee of the social equity of reforms?
Clarke, L. 2005. The charter of fundamental rights: what guarantee of the social equity of reforms? Institut de la Protection Sociale Européenne Conference. London, UK Jul 2005

Ethnically segregated sectors: forces of exclusion and inclusion
Clarke, L. 2005. Ethnically segregated sectors: forces of exclusion and inclusion. Trade Unions Against Racism (les Syndicats Contre le Racisme) Conference. Paris, France 20-21 Oct 2005

Divergent divisions of construction labour
Clarke, L. 2005. Divergent divisions of construction labour. in: Khosrowshahi, F. (ed.) Proceedings of the 21st Annual Conference, SOAS, London, September 2005 Reading, UK ARCOM.

Approaches to skills and training
Clarke, L. 2005. Approaches to skills and training. ARCOM Doctoral Workshop on Skills, Training and Development in the Construction Industry. Newcastle upon Tyne, UK 30 Nov 2005

A European skills framework? - but what are skills? Anglo-Saxon versus German concepts
Clarke, L. 2005. A European skills framework? - but what are skills? Anglo-Saxon versus German concepts. Second International Conference on Training, Employability and Employment (CTEE). Prato, Italy 22-23 Sep 2005

Cost vs. production: labour deployment and productivity in social housing construction in England, Scotland, Denmark and Germany
Clarke, L. and Herrmann, G. 2004. Cost vs. production: labour deployment and productivity in social housing construction in England, Scotland, Denmark and Germany. Construction Management and Economics. 22 (10), pp. 1057-1066. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144619042000213300

Apprenticeship and applied theoretical knowledge
Clarke, L. and Winch, C. 2004. Apprenticeship and applied theoretical knowledge. Educational Philosophy and Theory. 36 (5), pp. 509-522. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-5812.2004.087_1.x

Cost vs. production: disparities in social housing construction in Britain and Germany
Clarke, L. and Herrmann, G. 2004. Cost vs. production: disparities in social housing construction in Britain and Germany. Construction Management and Economics. 22 (5), pp. 521-532. https://doi.org/10.1080/01446190310001649119

Never argue with the architect: hierachy, skill and status on mid twentieth century building sites
Wall, C. 2004. Never argue with the architect: hierachy, skill and status on mid twentieth century building sites. Institute of Contemporary British History Conference: History of Work in the 20th Century. University of London, Senate House 14th -16th July 2004

Any woman can: twenty years of campaigning for access to training and employment
Wall, C. 2004. Any woman can: twenty years of campaigning for access to training and employment. in: Clarke, L., Pedersen, E.F., Michielsens, E., Susman, B. and Wall, C. (ed.) Women in construction Bruxelles, Belgium CLR/Reed Business Information.

Now you're in, now you're out: women's changing participation in the building trades in Britain
Clarke, L. and Wall, C. 2004. Now you're in, now you're out: women's changing participation in the building trades in Britain. in: Clarke, L., Pedersen, E.F., Michielsens, E., Susman, B. and Wall, C. (ed.) Women in construction Bruxelles, Belgium CLR/Reed Business Information. pp. 24-47

Introduction
Clarke, L., Pedersen, E.F., Michielsens, E., Susman, B. and Wall, C. 2004. Introduction. in: Clarke, L., Pedersen, E.F., Michielsens, E., Susman, B. and Wall, C. (ed.) Women in construction Bruxelles, Belgium CLR/Reed Business Information. pp. 8-22

The institutionalisation of skill division in Britain and Germany: examples from the construction industry
Clarke, L. and Herrmann, G. 2004. The institutionalisation of skill division in Britain and Germany: examples from the construction industry. in: Warhurst, C., Grugulis, I. and Keep, E. (ed.) The skills that matter Basingstoke, UK Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 128-147

Regulation for survival: training and skills in the construction labour market in Jersey, Channel Islands
Arkani, S., Clarke, L. and Michielsens, E. 2003. Regulation for survival: training and skills in the construction labour market in Jersey, Channel Islands. Journal of Vocational Education and Training. 55 (3), pp. 261-279. https://doi.org/10.1080/13636820300200234

The state of construction training and employment in the local economy of Jersey
Arkani, S., Clarke, L. and Michielsens, E. 2003. The state of construction training and employment in the local economy of Jersey. Local Economy. 18 (3), pp. 196-207. https://doi.org/10.1080/0269094032000143368

'Front-loaded' vocational education versus lifelong learning: a critique of current UK government policy
Winch, C. and Clarke, L. 2003. 'Front-loaded' vocational education versus lifelong learning: a critique of current UK government policy. Oxford Review of Education. 29 (2), pp. 239-252. https://doi.org/10.1080/0305498032000080701

EU enlargement: construction labour relations as a pilot
Clarke, L., Cremers, J. and Janssen, J. 2003. EU enlargement: construction labour relations as a pilot. Brussels, Belgium Reed Business Information.

Gender and ethnic segregation in the British labour market: marginalisation and inclusion
Beck, V., Clarke, L. and Michielsens, E. 2003. Gender and ethnic segregation in the British labour market: marginalisation and inclusion. 3rd International Gender Work and Organisation Conference. Keele, UK 25-27 Jun 2003

Women constructors in the twentieth century
Wall, C. 2002. Women constructors in the twentieth century. Construction History Newsletter. 64, pp. 15-17.

The institutionalisation of class divisions: education and training for professionals and operatives in the construction industry.
Clarke, L. and Herrmann, G. 2002. The institutionalisation of class divisions: education and training for professionals and operatives in the construction industry. First International Conference on Training, Employability and Employment. London, UK 11-12 Jul 2002

Regulation of the labour process vs. control of the building product
Clarke, L. and Beck, V. 2002. Regulation of the labour process vs. control of the building product. 20th Annual International Labour Process Conference. Strathclyde, UK 02-04 Apr 2002

Gender and ethnic segregation in the British labour market: mechanisms of marginalisation and inclusion
Beck, V., Clarke, L. and Michielsens, E. 2002. Gender and ethnic segregation in the British labour market: mechanisms of marginalisation and inclusion. Gender Research Forum: the Gender Pay and Productivity Gap. London, UK 08 Nov 2002

Equality for women and ethnic minorities in an unequal labour market: comparing the UK and Germany.
Beck, V., Clarke, L. and Michielsens, E. 2002. Equality for women and ethnic minorities in an unequal labour market: comparing the UK and Germany. BUIRA 2002 Annual Conference. Stirling, UK 04 Jul - 06 Jul 2002

Gleichstellung von Frauen und ethnische Minderheiten in einem von Benachteilingungen gepraegten Arbeitsmarkt: Das Beispiel Grossbritannien
Beck, V. and Clarke, L. 2002. Gleichstellung von Frauen und ethnische Minderheiten in einem von Benachteilingungen gepraegten Arbeitsmarkt: Das Beispiel Grossbritannien. Zeitschrift fur Frauenforschung Geschlecterstudien. 1/2, pp. 89-97.

Regulation and control of the labour process and the division of skill
Arkani, S., Clarke, L. and Herrmann, G. 2002. Regulation and control of the labour process and the division of skill. 20th Annual International Labour Process Conference. Glasgow, UK 02-04 Apr 2002

How insular is an island?: training, skills and the construction labour market in Jersey, Channel Islands
Michielsens, E., Clarke, L. and Arkani, S. 2001. How insular is an island?: training, skills and the construction labour market in Jersey, Channel Islands. 19th Annual International Labour Process Conference. London, UK 26-28 Mar 2001

Diverse equality: the example of the construction sector
Clarke, L. and Michielsens, E. 2001. Diverse equality: the example of the construction sector. in: Noon, M. and Ogbonna, E. (ed.) Equality, diversity and disadvantage in employment Basingstoke, UK Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 118-135

Innovation and skills: a transnational study of skills, education and training for prefabrication in housing
Clarke, L. and Herrmann, G. 2001. Innovation and skills: a transnational study of skills, education and training for prefabrication in housing. London, UK University of Westminster Business School.

Cost versus production: disparities in construction labour process in Europe
Clarke, L. and Herrmann, G. 2001. Cost versus production: disparities in construction labour process in Europe. 19th Annual International Labour Process Conference. London, UK 26-28 Mar 2001

Craft versus industry: the division of labour in European housing construction
Clarke, L. and Wall, C. 2000. Craft versus industry: the division of labour in European housing construction. Construction Management and Economics. 18 (6), pp. 689-698. https://doi.org/10.1080/014461900414745

Balancing acts in construction: a study of two women painters in Denmark and Britain
Clarke, L., Pedersen, E.F. and Wall, C. 1999. Balancing acts in construction: a study of two women painters in Denmark and Britain. NORA - Nordic Journal of Feminist and Gender Research. 7 (2), pp. 138-150. https://doi.org/10.1080/08038749950167652

UK construction skills in the context of European developments
Clarke, L. and Wall, C. 1998. UK construction skills in the context of European developments. Construction Management and Economics. 16 (5), pp. 553-567. https://doi.org/10.1080/014461998372097

Desegregating construction
Wall, C., Clarke, L. and Michielsens, E. 1998. Desegregating construction. Work, Employment and Society Conference. University of Cambridge 14th -16th September 1998

Blueprint for change: construction skills training in Britain
Wall, C. and Clarke, L. Padayachee, V. (ed.) 1998. Blueprint for change: construction skills training in Britain. Policy Press.

A fair day's work: women in direct labour organisations
Wall, C., Clarke, L. and Michielsens, E. 1997. A fair day's work: women in direct labour organisations. London Women and Manual Trades.

Staying power: women in direct labour building teams
Wall, C. and Clarke, L. 1996. Staying power: women in direct labour building teams. London Women and Manual Trades.

Skills and the construction process: a comparative study of vocational training and quality in social housebuilding
Wall, C. and Clarke, L. 1996. Skills and the construction process: a comparative study of vocational training and quality in social housebuilding. Policy Press.