Relationship of glycaemic index with cardiovascular risk factors: analysis of the National Diet and Nutrition Survey for people aged 65 and older

Milton, J.E., Briche, B., Brown, I.J., Hickson, M., Robertson, C.E. and Frost, G.S. 2007. Relationship of glycaemic index with cardiovascular risk factors: analysis of the National Diet and Nutrition Survey for people aged 65 and older. Public Health Nutrition. 10 (11), pp. 1321-1335. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980007702914

TitleRelationship of glycaemic index with cardiovascular risk factors: analysis of the National Diet and Nutrition Survey for people aged 65 and older
AuthorsMilton, J.E., Briche, B., Brown, I.J., Hickson, M., Robertson, C.E. and Frost, G.S.
Abstract

Objective - To identify associations between dietary glycaemic index (GI) and weight, body mass index and other risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) – waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), lipoprotein fractions, triacylglycerols (TAG) and blood pressure (BP) – in an older British population. Design Cross-sectional dietary, anthropometric and biochemical data from the National Diet and Nutritional Survey for adults aged over 65 years were reanalysed using a hierarchical regression model. Associations between body weight, CVD risk factors, and dietary factors including GI and fibre intakes were explored among 1152 healthy older people living in the UK between 1994 and 1995. Results In the unadjusted model, GI was significantly and directly associated with TAG (β = 0.008 ± 0.003) and diastolic BP (β = 0.325 ± 0.164) in males. These relationships were attenuated and non-significant after adjustment for potential confounding factors. WHR (β = 0.003 ± 0.001) and TAG (β = 0.005 ± 0.002) were significantly predicted by GI in males and females combined. The association with WHR was attenuated by adjustment for sex, age, region and social class; the relationship with TAG was non-significant after adjustment for other potential dietary confounders. Conclusion After controlling for potential confounders, no clear links were detected between GI and body weight or other CVD risk factors. This study provides little evidence for advising the consumption of a low-GI diet in the elderly to prevent weight gain or improve other CVD risk factors.

JournalPublic Health Nutrition
Journal citation10 (11), pp. 1321-1335
ISSN1368-9800
YearNov 2007
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980007702914
Publication dates
PublishedNov 2007

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Robertson, C.E. 2006. Post-market monitoring: Why? What? How? FoodInfo: the newsletter of the International Food Information Service.

Effect of nutritional counselling on hepatic, muscle and adipose tissue fat content and distribution in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Thomas, E.L., Brynes, A.E., Hamilton, G., Patel, N., Spong, A., Goldin, R.D., Frost, G.S., Bell, J.D. and Taylor-Robinson, S.D. 2006. Effect of nutritional counselling on hepatic, muscle and adipose tissue fat content and distribution in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. World Journal of Gastroenterology. 12 (36), pp. 5813-5819. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v12.i36.5813

Biomarkers for nutrient-gene interactions
Robertson, C.E. and Vineis, P. 2006. Biomarkers for nutrient-gene interactions. in: Choi, S.W. and Friso, S. (ed.) Nutrient-gene interactions in cancer London, UK CRC Press, Taylor & Francis. pp. 37-55

Attainment of precision in implementation of 24 h dietary recalls: INTERMAP UK
Robertson, C.E., Conway, R., Dennis, B.H., Yarnell, J., Stamler, J. and Elliott, P. 2005. Attainment of precision in implementation of 24 h dietary recalls: INTERMAP UK. British Journal of Nutrition. 94 (4), pp. 588-594. https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN20051543

Veganism and its relationship with insulin resistance and intramyocellular lipid
Goff, L.M., Bell, J.D., So, P.W., Dornhorst, A. and Frost, G.S. 2005. Veganism and its relationship with insulin resistance and intramyocellular lipid. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 59 (2), pp. 291-298. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602076

Salt intake and cardiovascular health in adults: analysis of INTERMAP study and NDNS
Robertson, C.E., Hurley, J. and Elliott, P. 2005. Salt intake and cardiovascular health in adults: analysis of INTERMAP study and NDNS. London, UK Food Standards Agency. https://doi.org/N02032

Post-market surveillance of novel foods
Robertson, C.E. 2005. Post-market surveillance of novel foods. Food Science & Technology. 19 (2), pp. 35-37.

Book review: When food kills: BSE, E coli and disaster science
Robertson, C.E. 2005. Book review: When food kills: BSE, E coli and disaster science. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health. 59 (3), p. 250.

Standardised coding of diet records: experiences from INTERMAP UK
Conway, R., Robertson, C.E., Dennis, B.H., Stamler, J. and Elliott, P. 2004. Standardised coding of diet records: experiences from INTERMAP UK. British Journal of Nutrition. 91 (5), pp. 765-771. https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN20041095

Surveillance and post market monitoring of potential health effects of novel (including GM) foods: feasibility study
Elliott, P., Robertson, C.E., Diamond, J. and Best, N. 2004. Surveillance and post market monitoring of potential health effects of novel (including GM) foods: feasibility study. London, UK Food Standards Agency. https://doi.org/G01021

Distribution of adipose tissue in the newborn
Harrington, T.A.M., Thomas, E.L., Modi, N., Frost, G.S. and Bell, J.D. 2004. Distribution of adipose tissue in the newborn. Pediatric Research. 55 (3), pp. 437-441. https://doi.org/10.1203/01.PDR.0000111202.29433.2D

Elevated fasting plasma ghrelin in Prader-Willi Syndrome adults is not solely explained by their reduced visceral adiposity and insulin resistance
Goldstone, A.P., Thomas, E.L., Brynes, A.E., Castroman, G., Edwards, R., Ghatei, M.A., Frost, G.S., Holland, A., Grossman, A.B., Korbonits, M., Bloom, S.R. and Bell, J.D. 2004. Elevated fasting plasma ghrelin in Prader-Willi Syndrome adults is not solely explained by their reduced visceral adiposity and insulin resistance. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 89 (4), pp. 1718-1726. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2003-031118

INTERMAP: the dietary data - process and quality control
Dennis, B.H., Stamler, J., Buzzard, M., Conway, R., Elliott, P., Moag-Stahlberg, A., Okayama, A., Okuda, N., Robertson, C.E., Robinson, F., Schakel, S.F., Stevens, M., Van Heel, N., Zhao, L. and Zhou, B.F. 2003. INTERMAP: the dietary data - process and quality control. Journal of Human Hypertension. 17 (9), pp. 609-622. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jhh.1001604

Enhancing data on nutrient composition of foods eaten by participants in the INTERMAP study in China, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States
Schakel, S.F., Dennis, B.H., Wold, A.C., Conway, R., Zhao, L., Okuda, N., Okayama, A., Moag-Stahlberg, A., Robertson, C.E., Van Heel, N., Buzzard, M. and Stamler, J. 2003. Enhancing data on nutrient composition of foods eaten by participants in the INTERMAP study in China, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. 16 (3), pp. 395-408. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0889-1575(03)00043-7

Tracing ingestion of 'novel' foods in UK diets for possible health surveillance: a feasibility study
Robertson, C.E., Best, N., Diamond, J. and Elliott, P. 2003. Tracing ingestion of 'novel' foods in UK diets for possible health surveillance: a feasibility study. Public Health Nutrition. 7 (2), pp. 345-352. https://doi.org/10.1079/PHN2003528

Hypothalamic neuropeptides and regulation of fat mass in Prader-Willi syndrome
Goldstone, A.P., Unmehopa, U.A., Thomas, E.L., Brynes, A.E., Bell, J.D., Frost, G.S., Ghatei, M.A., Holland, A., Bloom, S.R. and Swaab, D.F. 2003. Hypothalamic neuropeptides and regulation of fat mass in Prader-Willi syndrome. in: Eiholzer, U., l’Allemand, D. and Zipf, W.B. (ed.) Prader-Willi syndrome as a model for obesity: international symposium, Zurich, October 18-19, 2002 Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. pp. 31-43

Book review: McCance and Widdowson's the composition of foods - sixth summary edition
Robertson, C.E. 2003. Book review: McCance and Widdowson's the composition of foods - sixth summary edition. Nutrition Bulletin. 28 (1), pp. 81-83. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1467-3010.2003.00292.x

Carbohydrate-induced manipulation of insulin sensitivity independently of intramyocellular lipids
Goff, L.M., Frost, G.S., Hamilton, G., Thomas, E.L., Dhillo, W.S., Dornhorst, A. and Bell, J.D. 2003. Carbohydrate-induced manipulation of insulin sensitivity independently of intramyocellular lipids. British Journal of Nutrition. 89 (3), pp. 365-375. https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN2002789

Nutrient intakes of middle-aged men and women in China, Japan, United Kingdom, and United States in the late 1990s: the INTERMAP study
Zhou, B.F., Stamler, J., Dennis, B.H., Moag-Stahlberg, A., Okuda, N., Robertson, C.E., Zhao, L., Chan, Q. and Elliott, P. 2003. Nutrient intakes of middle-aged men and women in China, Japan, United Kingdom, and United States in the late 1990s: the INTERMAP study. Journal of Human Hypertension. 17 (9), pp. 623-630. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jhh.1001605

Higher blood pressure in middle-aged American adults with less education - role of multiple dietary factors: the INTERMAP study
Stamler, J., Elliott, P., Appel, L.J., Chan, Q., Buzzard, M., Dennis, B.H., Dyer, A.R., Elmer, P.J., Greenland, P., Jones, D., Kesteloot, H., Kuller, L., Labarthe, D., Liu, K., Moag-Stahlberg, A., Nichaman, M., Okayama, A., Okuda, N., Robertson, C.E., Rodriguez, B.L., Stevens, M., Ueshima, H., Van Horn, L. and Zhou, B.F. 2003. Higher blood pressure in middle-aged American adults with less education - role of multiple dietary factors: the INTERMAP study. Journal of Human Hypertension. 17 (9), pp. 655-664. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jhh.1001608

Fast and reproducible method for the direct quantitation of adipose tissue in newborn infants
Harrington, T.A.M., Thomas, E.L., Modi, N., Frost, G.S., Coutts, G.A. and Bell, J.D. 2002. Fast and reproducible method for the direct quantitation of adipose tissue in newborn infants. Lipids. 37 (1), pp. 95-100. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-002-0868-4

Resting metabolic rate, plasma leptin concentrations, leptin receptor expression, and adipose tissue measured by whole-body magnetic resonance imaging in women with Prader-Willi syndrome
Goldstone, A.P., Brynes, A.E., Thomas, E.L., Bell, J.D., Frost, G.S., Holland, A., Ghatei, M.A. and Bloom, S.R. 2002. Resting metabolic rate, plasma leptin concentrations, leptin receptor expression, and adipose tissue measured by whole-body magnetic resonance imaging in women with Prader-Willi syndrome. American Journal of Clinical Nutition. 75 (3), pp. 468-475. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/75.3.468

Visceral adipose tissue and metabolic complications of obesity are reduced in Prader-Willi syndrome female adults: evidence for novel influences on body fat distribution
Goldstone, A.P., Thomas, E.L., Brynes, A.E., Bell, J.D., Frost, G.S., Saeed, N., Hajnal, J.V., Howard, J.K., Holland, A. and Bloom, S.R. 2001. Visceral adipose tissue and metabolic complications of obesity are reduced in Prader-Willi syndrome female adults: evidence for novel influences on body fat distribution. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 86 (9), pp. 4330-4338. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.86.9.4330

Preferential loss of visceral fat following aerobic exercise, measured by magnetic resonance imaging
Thomas, E.L., Brynes, A.E., McCarthy, J., Goldstone, A.P., Hajnal, J.V., Saeed, N., Frost, G.S. and Bell, J.D. 2000. Preferential loss of visceral fat following aerobic exercise, measured by magnetic resonance imaging. Lipids. 35 (7), pp. 769-776. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-000-0584-0

Magnetic resonance imaging of total body fat
Thomas, E.L., Saeed, N., Hajnal, J.V., Brynes, A.E., Goldstone, A.P., Frost, G.S. and Bell, J.D. 1998. Magnetic resonance imaging of total body fat. Journal of Applied Physiology. 85 (5), pp. 1778-1785.

Changes in adipose tissue composition in malnourished patients before and after liver transplantation: A carbon-13 magnetic resonance spectroscopy and gas-liquid chromatography study
Thomas, E.L., Taylor-Robinson, S.D., Barnard, M.L., Frost, G.S., Sargentoni, J., Davidson, B.R., Cunnane, S.C. and Bell, J.D. 1997. Changes in adipose tissue composition in malnourished patients before and after liver transplantation: A carbon-13 magnetic resonance spectroscopy and gas-liquid chromatography study. Hepatology. 25 (1), pp. 178-183. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.510250133

An in vivo 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopic study of the relationship between diet and adipose tissue composition
Thomas, E.L., Frost, G.S., Barnard, M.L., Bryant, D.J., Taylor-Robinson, S.D., Simbrunner, J., Coutts, G.A., Burl, M., Bloom, S.R., Sales, K.D. and Bell, J.D. 1996. An in vivo 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopic study of the relationship between diet and adipose tissue composition. Lipids. 31 (2), pp. 145-151. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02522613

Development of a rapid and efficient magnetic resonance imaging technique for analysis of body fat distribution
Barnard, M.L., Schwieso, J.E., Thomas, E.L., Bell, J.D., Saeed, N., Frost, G.S., Bloom, S.R. and Hajnal, J.V. 1996. Development of a rapid and efficient magnetic resonance imaging technique for analysis of body fat distribution. NMR in Biomedicine. 9 (4), pp. 156-164. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1492(199606)9:4<156::AID-NBM412>3.0.CO;2-B

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