An extensible movie system interface for information-rich television

PainFusion: Multimodal Pain Assessment from RGB and Sensor Data
Benavent-Lledo,M., Lopez-Valle, M., Ortiz-Perez, D., Mulero-Perez, D., Garcia-Rodriguez, J. and Psarrou, A. 2024. PainFusion: Multimodal Pain Assessment from RGB and Sensor Data. Quintian, H., Corchado, E., Troncoso Lora, A., Perez-Garcia, H., Jove, E,, Calvo Role, J., Martinez de Pison, F., Garcia Bringas, P., Martinez Alvarez, F., Herrero, A. and Fosci, P. (ed.) 19th International Conference on Soft Computing Models in Industrial and Environmental Applications. Salamanca, Spain 09 - 11 Oct 2024 Springer Nature.

Editorial: Methods and protocols in Brain-Computer Interfaces
Anastasia Angelopoulou, Ines Chihi and Jude Hemanth 2024. Editorial: Methods and protocols in Brain-Computer Interfaces. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. 18:1447973. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2024.1447973

Comparative Analysis of Micro/Minichannel Flow Boiling Pattern Recognition and Classification using a Combined CNN-Clustering Algorithms Approach
Mohammad Harris, Anastasia Angelopoulou, Hongwei Wu and Wenbin Zhang 2024. Comparative Analysis of Micro/Minichannel Flow Boiling Pattern Recognition and Classification using a Combined CNN-Clustering Algorithms Approach. IEEE 14th International Conference on Pattern Recognition Systems (ICPRS). London, United Kingdom 15 - 18 Jul 2024 IEEE . https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPRS62101.2024.10677840

Heat Transfer Optimisation using Novel Biomorphic Pin-Fin Heat Sinks: An Integrated Approach via Design for Manufacturing, Numerical Simulation, and Machine Learning
Mohammad Harris, Hongwei Wu, Angelopoulou, A., Wenbin Zhang, Zhuohuan Hu and Yongqi Xie 2024. Heat Transfer Optimisation using Novel Biomorphic Pin-Fin Heat Sinks: An Integrated Approach via Design for Manufacturing, Numerical Simulation, and Machine Learning. Thermal Science and Engineering Progress. 51 102606. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsep.2024.102606

A Comprehensive Study on Pain Assessment from Multimodal Sensor Data
Benavent-Lledo, M., Mulero-Pérez, David, Ortiz-Perez, David, Rodriguez-Juan, J., Berenguer-Agullo, Adrian, Psarrou, Alexandra and Garcia-Rodriguez, J. 2023. A Comprehensive Study on Pain Assessment from Multimodal Sensor Data. Sensors. 23 (24) 9675. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23249675

Editorial: Women in AI medicine and public health 2022
Lin-Ching Chang and Anastasia Angelopoulou 2023. Editorial: Women in AI medicine and public health 2022. Frontiers in Big Data. 6 1303367. https://doi.org/10.3389/fdata.2023.1303367

Computational approaches to Explainable Artificial Intelligence: Advances in theory, applications and trends
Psarrou, A. and Gorritz, J.M 2023. Computational approaches to Explainable Artificial Intelligence: Advances in theory, applications and trends. Information Fusion. 100 101945. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inffus.2023.101945

A framework for the metrification of input image quality in deep networks
Psarrou, A., Triantaphillidou, S., Feisal, I. and Van Zwanenberg, O. 2023. A framework for the metrification of input image quality in deep networks. Electronic Imaging. 35, pp. 307-1 - 307-7 IQSP-307. https://doi.org/10.2352/EI.2023.35.8.IQSP-307

3D CATBraTS: Channel Attention Transformer for Brain Tumour Semantic Segmentation
El Badaoui, R., Bonmati Coll, E., Psarrou, A. and Villarini, B. 2023. 3D CATBraTS: Channel Attention Transformer for Brain Tumour Semantic Segmentation. 36th IEEE International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (IEEE CBMS2023). L'Aquila, Italy 24 May - 22 Jun 2023 IEEE . https://doi.org/10.1109/cbms58004.2023.00267

A transfer learning-based system for grading breast invasive ductal carcinoma
Radhakrishnan Sujatha, Jyotir Moy Chatterjee, Angelopoulou, A., Kapetanios, E., Parvathaneni Naga Srinivasu and Duraisamy Jude Hemanth 2023. A transfer learning-based system for grading breast invasive ductal carcinoma. IET Image Processing. 17 (7), pp. 1979-1990. https://doi.org/10.1049/ipr2.12660

An End-to-End Automated License Plate Recognition System Using YOLO Based Vehicle and License Plate Detection with Vehicle Classification
Al Batat, R., Angelopoulou, A., Premkumar, S., Hemanth, J. and Kapetanios, D.E. 2022. An End-to-End Automated License Plate Recognition System Using YOLO Based Vehicle and License Plate Detection with Vehicle Classification. Sensors. 22 9477. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22239477

Editorial: Explanation in Human-AI Systems
Kapetanios, D.E., Angelopoulou, A., Smith, D.H., Steuber, V., Woll, B. and Zeller, F. 2022. Editorial: Explanation in Human-AI Systems. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence. 5 1048568. https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2022.1048568

Overview of Recent Trends in Microchannels for Heat Transfer and Thermal Management Applications
Mohammad Harris, Hongwei Wu, Wenbin Zhang and Angelopoulou, A. 2022. Overview of Recent Trends in Microchannels for Heat Transfer and Thermal Management Applications. Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification. 181 109155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cep.2022.109155

Classification of Uterine Fibroids in Ultrasound Images Using Deep Learning Model
Dilna, K.T., Anitha, J., Angelopoulou, A., Chaussalet, T.J., Kapetanios, D.E. and Jude Hemanth, D. 2022. Classification of Uterine Fibroids in Ultrasound Images Using Deep Learning Model. International Conference on Computational Science ICCS 2022. London, UK 21 - 23 Jun 2022 Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08757-8_5

Super-Resolution Convolutional Network for Image Quality Enhancement in Remote Photoplethysmography based Heart Rate Estimation
Smera Premkumar, K., Angelopoulou, A., Chaussalet, T.J., Kapetanios, D.E. and Jude Hemanth, D. 2022. Super-Resolution Convolutional Network for Image Quality Enhancement in Remote Photoplethysmography based Heart Rate Estimation. International Conference on Computational Science ICCS 2022. London, UK 21 - 23 Jun 2022 Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08757-8_15

Transfer Learning based Natural Scene Classification for Scene Understanding by Intelligent Machines
Surendran, R., Anitha, J., Angelopoulou, A., Chaussalet, T.J., Kapetanios, D.E. and Jude Hemanth, D. 2022. Transfer Learning based Natural Scene Classification for Scene Understanding by Intelligent Machines. International Conference on Computational Science ICCS 2022. London, UK 21 - 23 Jun 2022 Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08754-7_6

Hybrid deep convolutional neural models for iris image recognition
Jenkin Winston, J., Hemmanth, J., Angelopoulou, A. and Kapetanios, E. 2022. Hybrid deep convolutional neural models for iris image recognition. Multimedia Tools and Applications. 81, pp. 9481-9503. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-021-11482-y

Analysis of Natural Scene Derived Spatial Frequency Responses for Estimating Camera ISO12233 Slanted-edge Performance
van Zwanenberg, Oliver, Triantaphillidou, Sophie, Psarrou, Alexandra and Jenkin, Robin B. 2021. Analysis of Natural Scene Derived Spatial Frequency Responses for Estimating Camera ISO12233 Slanted-edge Performance. Journal of Imaging Science and Technology. https://doi.org/10.2352/j.imagingsci.technol.2021.65.6.060405

Estimation of ISO12233 Edge Spatial Frequency Response from Natural Scene Derived Step-Edge Data
van Zwanenberg, Oliver, Triantaphillidou, Sophie, Jenkin, Robin B. and Psarrou, Alexandra 2021. Estimation of ISO12233 Edge Spatial Frequency Response from Natural Scene Derived Step-Edge Data. Journal of Imaging Science and Technology. 65 (6), pp. 60402-1-60402-16. https://doi.org/10.2352/j.imagingsci.technol.2021.65.6.060402

Natural Scene Derived Camera Edge Spatial Frequency Response for Autonomous Vision Systems
Van Zwanenberg, O., Triantaphillidou, S., Jenkin, R. and Psarrou, A. 2021. Natural Scene Derived Camera Edge Spatial Frequency Response for Autonomous Vision Systems. IS&T/IoP London Imaging Meeting 2021. London 20 - 22 Sep 2021 The Society of Imaging Science and Technology. https://doi.org/10.2352/issn.2694-118X.2021.LIM-88

A Multi-modal Machine Learning Approach and Toolkit to Automate Recognition of Early Stages of Dementia among British Sign Language Users
Liang, X., Angelopoulou, A., Kapetanios, E., Woll, B. and Al Batat, R. 2021. A Multi-modal Machine Learning Approach and Toolkit to Automate Recognition of Early Stages of Dementia among British Sign Language Users. Adrien Bartoli and Andrea Fusiello (ed.) Sign Language Recognition, Translation & Production (SLRTP) Workshop, in conjunction with the ECCV 2020 Conference. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66096-3_20

A Survey of Alzheimer’s Disease Early Diagnosis Methods for Cognitive Assessment
Fernández Montenegro, Juan Manuel, Villarini, B., Angelopoulou, A., Kapetanios, E., Garcia-Rodriguez, J. and Argyriou, Vasileios 2020. A Survey of Alzheimer’s Disease Early Diagnosis Methods for Cognitive Assessment. Sensors. 20 (24) e7292. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20247292

Can AI help predict a learner’s needs? Lessons from predicting student satisfaction
Parapadakis, D. 2020. Can AI help predict a learner’s needs? Lessons from predicting student satisfaction. London Review of Education. 18 (2), pp. 178-195. https://doi.org/10.14324/LRE.18.2.03

Exploring the Suitability of Semantic Spaces as Word Association Models for the Extraction of Semantic Relationships
Kapetanios, E., Sugumaran, V. and Angelopoulou, A. 2020. Exploring the Suitability of Semantic Spaces as Word Association Models for the Extraction of Semantic Relationships. arXiv:2004.14265. https://doi.org/arXiv:2004.14265

Machine Learning for Enhancing Dementia Screening in Ageing Deaf Signers of British Sign Language
Xing Liang, Bencie Woll, Kapetanios, E., Angelopoulou, A. and Reda Al batat 2020. Machine Learning for Enhancing Dementia Screening in Ageing Deaf Signers of British Sign Language. LREC 2020, 9th Workshop on the Representation and Processing of Sign Languages: Sign Language Resources in the Service of the Language Community, Technological Challenges and Application Perspectives. Marseille 11 - 16 May 2020 European Language Resources Association (ELRA).

Assessing the Effectiveness of Automated Emotion Recognition in Adults and Children for Clinical Investigation
Flynn, M., Effraimidis, D., Angelopoulou, A., Kapetanios, E., Williams, D., Hemanth, J. and Towell, T. 2020. Assessing the Effectiveness of Automated Emotion Recognition in Adults and Children for Clinical Investigation. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. 14 70. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2020.00070

Camera System Performance Derived from Natural Scenes
Van Zwanenberg, O., Triantaphillidou, S., Jenkin, R. and Psarrou, A. 2020. Camera System Performance Derived from Natural Scenes. Bonnier, Nicolas and Farias, Mylène (ed.) IS&T Electronic Imaging: Image Quality and System Performance XVII. Burlingame, California, USA 26 - 30 Jan 2020 The Society of Imaging Science and Technology. https://doi.org/10.2352/ISSN.2470-1173.2020.9.IQSP-241

Feature Extraction Techniques for Human Emotion Identification from Face Images
M. Kalpana Chowdary, D.Jude Hemanth, Angelopoulou, A. and Kapetanios, E. 2019. Feature Extraction Techniques for Human Emotion Identification from Face Images. The 9th International Conference on Imaging for Crime Detection and Prevention. 16 - 18 Dec 2019 Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET). https://doi.org/10.1049/cp.2019.1173

Iris Image Recognition using Optimized Kohonen Self Organizing Neural Network
Jenkin Winston, J., Jude Hemanth, D., Angelopoulou, A. and Kapetanios, E. 2019. Iris Image Recognition using Optimized Kohonen Self Organizing Neural Network. The 9th International Conference on Imaging for Crime Detection and Prevention. 16 - 18 Dec 2019 Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET). https://doi.org/10.1049/cp.2019.1171

Real Time Hand Movement Trajectory Tracking for Enhancing Dementia Screening in Ageing Deaf Signers of British Sign Language
Liang, X., Kapetanios, D.E., Woll, B. and Angelopoulou, A. 2019. Real Time Hand Movement Trajectory Tracking for Enhancing Dementia Screening in Ageing Deaf Signers of British Sign Language. in: Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction. CD-MAKE 2019 Springer.

Brain-Inspired Intelligent Systems for Daily Assistance
Angelopoulou, A., Garcia-Rodriguez, J., Kapetanios, D.E., Roth, P.M. and Revett, K. 2019. Brain-Inspired Intelligent Systems for Daily Assistance. Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience. 2019 7597839. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/7597839

Complex Methods Applied to Data Analysis, Processing, and Visualisation
Garcia Rodriguez, J., Angelopoulou, A., David Tomas and Lewis, A. 2019. Complex Methods Applied to Data Analysis, Processing, and Visualisation. Complexity. 2019 9316123. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/9316123

Edge Detection Techniques for Quantifying Spatial Imaging System Performance and Image Quality
Van Zwanenberg, O., Triantaphillidou, S., Jenkin, R. and Psarrou, A. 2019. Edge Detection Techniques for Quantifying Spatial Imaging System Performance and Image Quality. The Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR 2019). Long Beach California 15 - 21 Jun 2019 ACM/IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPRW.2019.00238

Evaluation of different chrominance models in the detection and reconstruction of faces and hands using the growing neural gas network
Angelopoulou, A., Garcia-Rodriguez, J., Orts Escolano, S., Kapetanios, D.E., Liang, X., Woll, B. and Psarrou, A. 2019. Evaluation of different chrominance models in the detection and reconstruction of faces and hands using the growing neural gas network. Pattern Analysis and Applications. 22 (4), p. 1667–1685. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10044-019-00819-x

Contrast sensitivity in images of natural scenes
Triantaphillidou, S., Jarvis, J., Psarrou, A. and Gupta, G. 2019. Contrast sensitivity in images of natural scenes. Signal Processing: Image Communication . 75, pp. 64-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.image.2019.03.002

Expert systems: Special issue on “Machine Learning Methods Neural Networks applied to Vision and Robotics (MLMVR)”
García-Rodríguez, J., Escalera, S., Psarrou, A., Guyon, I., Lewis, A. and Leitner, J. 2018. Expert systems: Special issue on “Machine Learning Methods Neural Networks applied to Vision and Robotics (MLMVR)”. Expert Systems. 35 (2) e12258. https://doi.org/10.1111/exsy.12258

Measuring the Engagement of the Learner in a Controlled Environment Using Three Different Biosensors
El-Abbasy, K., Angelopoulou, A. and Towell, A. 2018. Measuring the Engagement of the Learner in a Controlled Environment Using Three Different Biosensors. 10th International Conference on Computer Supported Education. Madeira, Portugal 15 - 17 Mar 2018 SCITEPRESS. https://doi.org/10.5220/0006788202780284

Fast 2D/3D object representation with growing neural gas
Angelopoulou, A., Garcia-Rodriguez, J., Orts Escolano, S., Gupta, G. and Psarrou, A. 2018. Fast 2D/3D object representation with growing neural gas. Neural Computing and Applications. 29 (10), pp. 903-919. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-016-2579-y

Editorial: special issue on computational intelligence for vision and robotics
Garcia-Rodriguez, J., Guyon, I., Escalera, S., Psarrou, A., Lewis, A. and Cazorla, M. 2016. Editorial: special issue on computational intelligence for vision and robotics. Neural Computing and Applications. 28, pp. 853-854. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-016-2330-8

An Evaluation of the Efficacy of a Perceptually Controlled Immersive Environment for Learning Acupuncture
Ferguson, J., Mentzelopoulos, M. and Psarrou, A. 2016. An Evaluation of the Efficacy of a Perceptually Controlled Immersive Environment for Learning Acupuncture . IUCC 2016 - 15th International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing and Communications - Virtual Environments and Advanced Interfaces Workshop. Granada, Spain 14 - 16 Dec 2016 IEEE . https://doi.org/10.1109/IUCC-CSS.2016.29

Performance Evaluation of a Statistical and a Neural Network Model for Nonrigid Shape-Based Registration
Angelopoulou, A., Psarrou, A., Garcia-Rodriguez, J. and Mentzelopoulos, M. 2016. Performance Evaluation of a Statistical and a Neural Network Model for Nonrigid Shape-Based Registration. Sixth International Conference on Image Processing Theory, Tools and Applications (IPTA'16). Finland 12 - 15 Dec 2016 IEEE . https://doi.org/10.1109/IPTA.2016.7820990

Real time motion estimation using a neural architecture implemented on GPUs
Garcia-Rodriguez, J., Orts Escolano, S., Angelopoulou, A., Psarrou, A., Azorin-Lopez, J. and Garcia-Chamizo, J.M. 2016. Real time motion estimation using a neural architecture implemented on GPUs. Journal of Real-Time Image Processing. 11 (4), pp. 731-749. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11554-014-0417-y

Editorial: Neural Processing Letters Special Issue on “Neural Networks for Vision and Robotics”
Garcia-Rodriguez, J., Psarrou, A., Lewis, A., Angelopoulou, A. and Cazorla, M. 2015. Editorial: Neural Processing Letters Special Issue on “Neural Networks for Vision and Robotics”. Neural Processing Letters. 43 (2), pp. 309-310. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11063-015-9435-4

Affective Computing to Enhance E-Learning in Segregated Societies
El-Abbasy, K., Angelopoulou, A. and Towell, A. 2015. Affective Computing to Enhance E-Learning in Segregated Societies. 2015 Imperial College Computing Student Workshop (ICCSW 2015). London 23 Sep 2015 OpenAccess Series in Informatics. https://doi.org/10.4230/OASIcs.ICCSW.2015.13

3D reconstruction of medical images from slices automatically landmarked with growing neural models
Angelopoulou, A., Psarrou, A., Garcia-Rodriguez, J., Orts-Escolano, S., Azorin-Lopez, J. and Revett, K. 2015. 3D reconstruction of medical images from slices automatically landmarked with growing neural models. Neurocomputing. 150 (A), pp. 16-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2014.03.078

Comparative performance between human and automated face recognition systems, using CCTV imagery, different compression levels and scene parameters
Tsifouti, A., Triantaphillidou, S., Larabi M-C, Bilissi, E. and Psarrou, A. 2015. Comparative performance between human and automated face recognition systems, using CCTV imagery, different compression levels and scene parameters . SPIE Electronic Imaging: Image Quality and System Performance XII. San Fransisco, USA Jan 2015 SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2083325

The effects of scene content parameters, compression, and frame rate on the performance of analytics systems
Tsifouti, A., Triantaphillidou, S., Larabi, M.C., Doré, G, Bilissi, E. and Psarrou, A. 2015. The effects of scene content parameters, compression, and frame rate on the performance of analytics systems. SPIE Elecgtronic Imaging: Image Quality and System Performance XII. San Fransisco, USA Jan 2015 SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2083426

A case study in identifying acceptable bitrates for human face recognition tasks
Tsifouti, A., Triantaphillidou, S., Larabi, M.C., Bilissi, E. and Psarrou, A. 2015. A case study in identifying acceptable bitrates for human face recognition tasks. Signal Processing: Image Communication . 36, p. 14–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.image.2015.05.002

Adaptive-threshold region merging via path scanning
Gupta, G. and Psarrou, A. 2014. Adaptive-threshold region merging via path scanning. 22nd International Conference on Pattern Recognition. Stockholm, Sweden Aug 2014 IEEE . https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPR.2014.173

Computer vision applications of self-organizing neural networks
García-Rodríguez, J., García-Chamizo, J.M., Orts-Escolano, S., Morell-Gimenez, V., Serra-Pérez, J.A., Angelolopoulou, A., Psarrou, A., Cazorla, M. and Viejo, D. 2013. Computer vision applications of self-organizing neural networks. in: Robotic Vision: Technologies for Machine Learning and Vision Applications IGI Global.

Model probability in self-organising maps
Angelopoulou, A., Psarrou, A., García-Rodríguez, J., Mentzelopoulos, M. and Gupta, G. 2013. Model probability in self-organising maps. Springer.

3D hand pose estimation with neural networks
Serra, J.A., Garcia-Rodriguez, J., Orts Escolano, S., Garcia-Chamizo, J.M., Angelopoulou, A., Psarrou, A., Mentzelopoulos, M., Montoyo-Bojo, J. and Domínguez, E. 2013. 3D hand pose estimation with neural networks. in: Advances in Computational Intelligence: 12th International Work-Conference on Artificial Neural Networks, IWANN 2013 Springer.

Football video annotation based on player motion recognition using enhanced entropy
Mentzelopoulos, M., Psarrou, A., Angelopoulou, A. and Garcia-Rodriguez, J. 2013. Football video annotation based on player motion recognition using enhanced entropy. in: Advances in Computational Intelligence: 12th International Work-Conference on Artificial Neural Networks, IWANN 2013 Springer.

Natural User Interfaces in Volume Visualisation using Microsoft Kinect
Angelopoulou, A., Garcia-Rodriguez, J., Psarrou, A., Mentzelopoulos, M., Reddy, B., Orts Escolano, S., Serra, J.A. and Lewis, A. 2013. Natural User Interfaces in Volume Visualisation using Microsoft Kinect. ICIAP 2013 International Workshops. Naples, Italy 09 Sep 2013 Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41190-8_2

Semantic Recommendation of Information Sources for Lifelong Learning
Almarri, H., Rahman, T., Juric, R. and Parapadakis, D. 2013. Semantic Recommendation of Information Sources for Lifelong Learning. Journal of Integrated Design and Process Science. 17 (1), pp. 55-78 5. https://doi.org/10.3233/jid-2013-0005

Adaptive learning in motion analysis with self-organising maps
Angelopoulou, A., Garcia-Rodriguez, J., Psarrou, A., Gupta, G. and Mentzelopoulos, M. 2013. Adaptive learning in motion analysis with self-organising maps. International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN). Dallas, TX 04 Aug 2013 IEEE . https://doi.org/10.1109/IJCNN.2013.6707135

A semi-parametric approach for football video annotation
Mentzelopoulos, M., Psarrou, A., Angelopoulou, A. and Garcia-Rodriguez, J. 2013. A semi-parametric approach for football video annotation. International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN). Dallas, TX 04 Aug 2013 IEEE . https://doi.org/10.1109/IJCNN.2013.6706720

3D gesture recognition with growing neural gas
Sera-Perez, J.A., Garcia Rodriguez, J., Orts-Escolano, S., García-Chamizo, J.M., Montoyo-Bojo, J., Angelopoulou, A., Psarrou, A., Mentzelopoulos, M., Lewis, A. and Orts Escolano, S. 2013. 3D gesture recognition with growing neural gas. in: Proceedings of the International Joint Conference in Neural Networks, IJCNN 2013, 2-9 August 2013, Dallas, USA IEEE . pp. 3034-3041

Active foreground region extraction and tracking for sports video annotation
Mentzelopoulos, M., Psarrou, A., Angelopoulou, A. and Garcia-Rodriguez, J. 2013. Active foreground region extraction and tracking for sports video annotation. Neural Processing Letters. 37 (1), pp. 33-46. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11063-012-9267-4

Visual scene busyness measures through a region growing spatial segmentation
Gupta, G., Psarrou, A., Triantaphillidou, S. and Park, J.Y. 2012. Visual scene busyness measures through a region growing spatial segmentation. in: Lewis, C. and Burgess, D. (ed.) Optics and Photonics for Counterterrorism, Crime Fighting, and Defence VIII SPIE.

Region analysis through close contour transformation using growing neural gas
Gupta, G., Psarrou, A., Angelopoulou, A. and Garcia Rodriguez, J. 2012. Region analysis through close contour transformation using growing neural gas. in: WCCI 2012 IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence, IJCNN, Brisbane, Australia, 10-15 June 2012 IEEE . pp. 1-8

Image segmentation based on semi-greedy region merging
Gupta, G., Psarrou, A. and Angelopoulou, A. 2012. Image segmentation based on semi-greedy region merging. IET Image Processing Conference. University of Westminster 3th - 4th July 2012 Stevenage Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET). pp. 211-214 https://doi.org/10.1049/cp.2012.0431

Building visual surveillance systems with neural networks.
Garcia Rodriguez, J., Angelopoulou, A., Mora-Gimeno, F.J. and Psarrou, A. 2012. Building visual surveillance systems with neural networks. in: Elizondo, D.A., Solanas, A. and Martinez-Balleste, A. (ed.) Computational Intelligence for Privacy and Security Springer.

Mobile augmented reality for cultural heritage
Angelopoulou, A., Economou, D., Bouki, V., Psarrou, A., Jin, L., Pritchard, C. and Kolyda, F. 2012. Mobile augmented reality for cultural heritage. in: Mobile wireless middleware, operating systems and applications: 4th international ICST conference, Mobilware 2011. London, UK, June 2011. Revised selected papers. Springer.

Autonomous Growing Neural Gas for applications with time constraint: Optimal parameter estimation
García-Rodríguez, J., Angelopoulou, A., García-Chamizo, J.M., Psarrou, A., Orts Escolano, S. and Morell Giménez, V. 2012. Autonomous Growing Neural Gas for applications with time constraint: Optimal parameter estimation. Neural Networks. 32, pp. 196-208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neunet.2012.02.032

An unsupervised method for active region extraction in sports videos
Mentzelopoulos, M., Psarrou, A. and Angelopoulou, A. 2011. An unsupervised method for active region extraction in sports videos. in: Cabestany J., Rojas I. and Joya G. (ed.) Advances in Computational Intelligence. IWANN 2011. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 6692 Springer. pp. 42-49

Video and image processing with self-organizing neural networks
García-Rodríguez, J., Domínguez, E., Angelopoulou, A., Psarrou, A., Mora-Gimeno, F.J., Orts, S. and García-Chamizo, J.M. 2011. Video and image processing with self-organizing neural networks. Springer.

Near-infrared ink differentiation in medieval manuscripts
Psarrou, A., Licata, A., Kokla, V. and Tselikas, A. 2011. Near-infrared ink differentiation in medieval manuscripts. International Journal of Computer Vision. 94 (1), pp. 136-151. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-011-0419-1

Fast image representation with GPU-based growing neural gas
Garcia-Rodriguez, J., Angelopoulou, A., Morell, V., Orts Escolano, S., Psarrou, A. and Garcia-Chamizo, J.M. 2011. Fast image representation with GPU-based growing neural gas. in: Cabestany, J., Rojas, I. and Joya, G. (ed.) Advances in Computational Intelligence: 11th International Work-Conference on Artificial Neural Networks, IWANN 2011, Torremolinos-Málaga, Spain, June 8-10, 2011, Proceedings, Part II Springer.

Fast Autonomous Growing Neural Gas
Garcia-Rodriguez, J., Angelopoulou, A., Orts Escolano, S., García-Chamizo, J.M., Psarrou, A. and Garcia Rodriguez, J. 2011. Fast Autonomous Growing Neural Gas. 2011 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN). San Jose, California July 31 - August 5, 2011 https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2011.6033293

"Cognitive theory of multimedia learning" and learning videos design: The "redundancy principle"
Bouki, V., Economou, D. and Angelopoulou, A. 2011. "Cognitive theory of multimedia learning" and learning videos design: The "redundancy principle". in: SIGDOC'11: proceedings of the 29th ACM international conference on design of communication, October 3 - 5, 2011, Pisa, Italy ACM. pp. 271-278

A growing neural gas algorithm with applications in hand modelling and tracking
Angelopoulou, A., Psarrou, A. and García Rodríguez, J. 2011. A growing neural gas algorithm with applications in hand modelling and tracking. in: Cabestany, J., Rojas, I. and Joya, G. (ed.) Advances in Computational Intelligence: 11th International Work-Conference on Artificial Neural Networks, IWANN 2011, Torremolinos-Málaga, Spain, June 8-10, 2011, Proceedings, Part II Springer.

Object representation with self-organising networks
Angelopoulou, A., Psarrou, A. and García Rodríguez, J. 2011. Object representation with self-organising networks. in: Cabestany, J., Rojas, I. and Joya, G. (ed.) Advances in computational intelligence: 11th international work-conference on artificial neural networks, IWANN 2011, Torremolinos-Malaga, Spain, June 8-10, 2011 Springer. pp. 244-251

Hand gesture modelling and tracking using a self-organising network
Angelopoulou, A., Garcia-Rodriguez, J., Psarrou, A. and Gupta, G. 2010. Hand gesture modelling and tracking using a self-organising network. The 2010 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) . Barcelona 18 Jul 2010 IEEE . https://doi.org/10.1109/IJCNN.2010.5596288

Watercolour identification based on machine vision analysis
Kokla, V., Psarrou, A. and Konstantinou, V. 2010. Watercolour identification based on machine vision analysis. e-Preservation Science. 7, pp. 22-28.

GNG based surveillance system
Garcia Rodriguez, J., Angelopoulou, A., García-Chamizo, J.M. and Psarrou, A. 2010. GNG based surveillance system. in: 2010 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), Barcelona, Spain, 18-23 July 2010 IEEE . pp. 1-8

Towards symbolic reasoning from subsymbolic sensory information
Bolotov, A., Gupta, G. and Psarrou, A. 2010. Towards symbolic reasoning from subsymbolic sensory information. in: Bolotov, A. (ed.) Proceedings of the automated reasoning workshop 2010: bridging the gap between theory and practice. ARW 2010 University of Westminster.

Tracking gestures using a probabilistic self-organising network
Angelopoulou, A., Psarrou, A., Garcia Rodriguez, J. and Gupta, G. 2010. Tracking gestures using a probabilistic self-organising network. in: 2010 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), Barcelona, Spain, 18-23 July 2010 IEEE . pp. 1-7

Unsupervised ink type recognition in ancient manuscripts
Psarrou, A., Licata, A. and Kokla, V. 2009. Unsupervised ink type recognition in ancient manuscripts. in: IEEE 12th International Conference on Computer Vision Workshop: on e-heritage and digital art preservation IEEE . pp. 955-961

An ink texture descriptor for NIR-imaged medieval documents
Licata, A., Psarrou, A. and Kokla, V. 2009. An ink texture descriptor for NIR-imaged medieval documents. in: Proceedings of the 16th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing: ICIP 2009, November 2009, Cairo IEEE . pp. 1997-2000

Revealing the visually unknown in ancient manuscripts with a similarity measure for IR-imaged inks
Licata, A., Psarrou, A. and Kokla, V. 2009. Revealing the visually unknown in ancient manuscripts with a similarity measure for IR-imaged inks. in: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition: ICDAR 2009. 26 - 29 July 2009, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain IEEE . pp. 818-822

Watercolour identification based on machine vision analysis
Kokla, V., Psarrou, A. and Konstantinou, V. 2009. Watercolour identification based on machine vision analysis. in: Proceedings of New Media Art Conference 2008, 7-9 Nov. 2008, Shanghai, China Shanghai, P.R. China Tongji University Press. pp. 133-143

Trends on interactive platforms for social media through Web2.0
Jin, L., Psarrou, A., Cao, S. and Chen, Y. 2009. Trends on interactive platforms for social media through Web2.0. in: International Conference on Management and Service Science. MASS '09. 20-22 Sept. 2009 IEEE .

Generic colour image segmentation via multi-stage region merging
Gupta, G., Psarrou, A. and Angelopoulou, A. 2009. Generic colour image segmentation via multi-stage region merging. in: Proceedings of the 10th Workshop on Image Analysis for Multimedia Interactive Services (WIAMIS '09) IEEE . pp. 185-188

Unsupervised classification for ancient manuscript analysis
Lu, K., Psarrou, A., Licata, A., Konstantinou, V. and Kokla, V. 2008. Unsupervised classification for ancient manuscript analysis. in: Proceedings of the International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists (IMECS'08), 19-20th March 2008, Hong-Kong International Association of Engineers. pp. 348-353

Active-GNG: model acquisition and tracking in cluttered backgrounds
Angelopoulou, A., Psarrou, A., Garcia Rodriguez, J. and Gupta, G. 2008. Active-GNG: model acquisition and tracking in cluttered backgrounds. in: VNBA '08: Proceeding of the 1st ACM workshop on vision networks for behavior analysis ACM. pp. 17-22

Computational models for pigment analysis
Kokla, V., Psarrou, A. and Konstantinou, V. 2008. Computational models for pigment analysis. Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing. 90 (1), pp. 15-22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-007-4236-x

Ink discrimination based on co-occurrence analysis of visible and infrared images
Kokla, V., Psarrou, A. and Konstantinou, V. 2007. Ink discrimination based on co-occurrence analysis of visible and infrared images. in: Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, 23-26 Sept. 2007 (ICDAR 2007) Los Alamitos, USA IEEE .

A Bayesian decision model for watercolour analysis
Kokla, V., Psarrou, A. and Konstantinou, V. 2007. A Bayesian decision model for watercolour analysis. in: Fotakis, C., Pezzati, L. and Salimbeni, R. (ed.) O3A: optics for arts, architecture, and archaeology: 20-22 June 2007, Munich, Germany Bellingham, Wash. SPIE.

Robust modelling and tracking of NonRigid objects using Active-GNG
Angelopoulou, A., Psarrou, A., Gupta, G. and Garcia Rodriguez, J. 2007. Robust modelling and tracking of NonRigid objects using Active-GNG. in: IEEE Workshop on Non-rigid Registration and Tracking through Learning, NRTL 2007, in conjunction with ICCV 2007, 14-21 October 2007, Rio de Janeiro Los Alamitos, USA IEEE . pp. 1-7

Nonparametric modelling and tracking with Active-GNG
Angelopoulou, A., Psarrou, A., Gupta, G. and Garcia Rodriguez, J. 2007. Nonparametric modelling and tracking with Active-GNG. in: Lew, M., Sebe, N., Huang, T.S. and Bakker, E.M. (ed.) Human-Computer Interaction: IEEE international workshop, HCI 2007, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, October 20, 2007; proceedings Berlin Springer.

The characterization if inks through image-based analysis
Kokla, V., Psarrou, A. and Konstantinou, V. 2006. The characterization if inks through image-based analysis. in: The object in context: crossing conservation boundaries Munich, Germany International Institute for Conservation of Historic & Artistic Works. pp. 322

Probability analysis in art conservation
Kokla, V., Psarrou, A. and Konstantinou, V. 2006. Probability analysis in art conservation. in: Ranchordas, A., Araujo, H. and Encarnacao, B. (ed.) VISAPP 2006: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Computer Vision Theory and Applications Portugal INSTICC Press. pp. 508-514

Ink recognition based on statistical classification methods
Kokla, V., Psarrou, A. and Konstantinou, V. 2006. Ink recognition based on statistical classification methods. in: Second International Conference on Document Image Analysis for Libraries, 2006. DIAL '06. USA IEEE . pp. 254-264

Automatically building 2D statistical shapes using the topology preservation model GNG
Garcia Rodriguez, J., Angelopoulou, A., Psarrou, A. and Revett, K. 2006. Automatically building 2D statistical shapes using the topology preservation model GNG. in: Narayanan, P.J., Nayar, S.K. and Shum, H.Y. (ed.) Computer Vision ACCV 2006: 7th Asian Conference on Computer Vision, Hyderabad, India, January 13-16, 2006: Proceedings, Part I Springer.

Learning 2D hand shapes using the topology preservation model GNG
Angelopoulou, A., Rodríguez, J.G. and Psarrou, A. 2006. Learning 2D hand shapes using the topology preservation model GNG. in: Leonardis, A., Bischof, H. and Pinz, A. (ed.) Proceedings of the 9th IEEE European Conference on Computer Vision, ECCV 2006 Hamburg, Germany Springer. pp. 313-324

Growing neural gas (GNG): A soft competitive learning method for 2D hand modelling
García Rodríguez, J., Angelopoulou, A. and Psarrou, A. 2006. Growing neural gas (GNG): A soft competitive learning method for 2D hand modelling. IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems. E89-D (7), pp. 2124-2131. https://doi.org/10.1093/ietisy/e89-d.7.2124

Probablistic image-based characterisation of manuscript inks
Psarrou, A. and Angelopoulou, A. 2005. Probablistic image-based characterisation of manuscript inks. SPIE International Symposium on Optical Metrology. Munich, Germany 13-17 Jun 2005

Probabilistic image-based characterization of manuscript inks
Kokla, V., Psarrou, A. and Konstantinou, V. 2005. Probabilistic image-based characterization of manuscript inks. in: Salimbeni, R. and Pezzati, L. (ed.) Proceedings of SPIE: optical methods for arts and archaeology International Society for Optical Engineering.

Automatic landmarking of 2D medical shapes using the growing neural gas network
Angelopoulou, A., Psarrou, A., Rodríguez, J.G. and Revett, K. 2005. Automatic landmarking of 2D medical shapes using the growing neural gas network. in: Liu, Y., Jiang, T. and Zhang, C. (ed.) Computer Vision for Biomedical Image Applications: First International Workshop, CVBIA 2005, Beijing, China, October 21, 2005, Proceedings Berlin, Germany Springer.

Automatic landmark extraction from a class of hands using growing neural gas
Angelopoulou, A., Garcia Rodriguez, J. and Psarrou, A. 2005. Automatic landmark extraction from a class of hands using growing neural gas. in: Proceedings of the 9th IAPR Conference on Machine Vision Applications, MVA 2005 Tokyo, Japan IAPR MVA Conference Committee. pp. 168-171

Using IT to combat plagiarism: 10 years of successes and failures
Parapadakis, D. 2004. Using IT to combat plagiarism: 10 years of successes and failures. in: Smith, A.P. and Duggan, F. (ed.) Proceedings of the 1st Plagiarism, Prevention, Practice and Policies Conference (PPPP2004) Newcastle, UK Northumbria Learning. pp. 143-150

Key-frame extraction algorithm using entropy difference
Mentzelopoulos, M. and Psarrou, A. 2004. Key-frame extraction algorithm using entropy difference. in: Proceedings of the 6th ACM SIGMM International Workshop on Multimedia Information Retrieval New York, USA ACM. pp. 39-45

Delivering distance learning material via interactive television in the UK: a dynamic content-based inferface
Angelopoulou, A., Thomas, S., Konstantinou, V. and Psarrou, A. 2004. Delivering distance learning material via interactive television in the UK: a dynamic content-based inferface. 21st ICDE Conference on Open Learning and Distance Education. Hong Kong 18-21 Feb 2004

Evaluating statistical shape models for automatic landmark generation on a class of human hands
Angelopoulou, A. and Psarrou, A. 2004. Evaluating statistical shape models for automatic landmark generation on a class of human hands. International Archives of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. 34 (XXX).

diARTgnosis: study of European religious painting
Angelopoulou, A., Mantratzis, C., Psarrou, A. and Konstantinou, V. 2004. diARTgnosis: study of European religious painting. 2nd International Conference of Museology. Mytilene, Greece 28 Jun - 02 Jul 2004

A formal model for improving selection of collaborative environments using learning styles
Margeti, M. and Parapadakis, D. 2003. A formal model for improving selection of collaborative environments using learning styles. in: Advances in technology-based education: towards a knowledge based society: proceedings of the International Conference on Multimedia and Information & Communication Technologies in Education: m-ICTE2003: Badajoz, Spain, December 3-6th 2003 Spain Junta de Extremadura, Consejeria de Educacion. pp. 400-404

A dynamic model for delivering distance learning material via interactive television
Angelopoulou, A., Thomas, S., Gallahan, P. and Psarrou, A. 2003. A dynamic model for delivering distance learning material via interactive television. Second International Conference on Multimedia and ICTs in Education. Badajoz, Spain 03-06 Dec 2003

Recognition of human gestures and behaviour based on motion trajectories
Psarrou, A., Gong, S. and Walter, M. 2002. Recognition of human gestures and behaviour based on motion trajectories. Image and Vision Computing. 20 (5-6), pp. 349-358. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0262-8856(02)00007-0

Corresponding dynamic appearances
Gong, S., Psarrou, A. and Romdani, S. 2002. Corresponding dynamic appearances. Image and Vision Computing. 20 (4), pp. 307-318. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0262-8856(02)00025-2

Image processing: a helpful tool in art conservation
Kokla, V., Psarrou, A. and Konstantinou, V. 2002. Image processing: a helpful tool in art conservation. in: Van Grieken, R., Janssens, K., Dack, L.V.T. and Meersman, G. (ed.) Art 2002 : 7th International Conference on Non-destructive Testing and Microanalysis for the Diagnostics and Conservation of the Cultural and Environmental Heritage 2-6 June 2002 Congress Centre Elzenveld, Antwerp, Begium: proceedings Antwerp University of Antwerp.

Use of non-destructive methodology in the identification of old inks
Alexopoulou, A., Kokla, V., Psarrou, A. and Konstantinou, V. 2002. Use of non-destructive methodology in the identification of old inks. in: Van Grieken, R., Janssens, K., van't dack, L. and Meersman, G. (ed.) Art 2002: proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Non-Destructive Testing and Microanalysis for Diagnostics and Conservation of Cultural and Environmental Heritage, 2002 Antwerp, Belgium University of Antwerp.

Data driven model acquisition using minimum description length
Walter, M., Psarrou, A. and Gong, S. 2001. Data driven model acquisition using minimum description length. in: Cootes, T. and Taylor, C. (ed.) BMVC: Proceedings of the 12th British Machine Vision Conference BMVA. pp. 673-683

Auto clustering for unsupervised learning of atomic gesture components using minimum description length
Walter, M., Psarrou, A. and Gong, S. 2001. Auto clustering for unsupervised learning of atomic gesture components using minimum description length. in: Proceedings of IEEE ICCV Workshop on Recognition, Analysis, and Tracking of Faces and Gestures in Real-Time Systems, 2001 USA IEEE . pp. 157-162

The LH5 model for data mining
El-Darzi, E. and Parapadakis, D. 2001. The LH5 model for data mining. First International Conference of Electronic Business. Hong Kong 19-21 Dec 2001 pp. 467-478

An incremental approach towards automatic model acquisition for human gesture recognition
Walter, M., Psarrou, A. and Gong, S. 2000. An incremental approach towards automatic model acquisition for human gesture recognition. Workshop on Human Motion. Austin, Texas 07 - 08 Dec 2000 IEEE . https://doi.org/10.1109/humo.2000.897369

On utilising template and feature-based correspondence in multi-view appearance models
Romdhani, S., Psarrou, A. and Gong, S. 2000. On utilising template and feature-based correspondence in multi-view appearance models. 6th European Conference on Computer Vision. Dublin, Ireland 26 Jun - 01 Jul 2000 Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45054-8_52

A generic face appearance model of shape and texture under very large pose variations from profile to profile views
Romdhani, S., Gong, S. and Psarrou, A. 2000. A generic face appearance model of shape and texture under very large pose variations from profile to profile views. 15th International Conference on Pattern Recognition. ICPR-2000. Barcelona, Spain 03 - 07 Sep 2000 IEEE . https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPR.2000.905654

Learning a single active face shape model across views
Romdhani, S., Psarrou, A. and Gong, S. 1999. Learning a single active face shape model across views. International Workshop on Recognition, Analysis, and Tracking of Faces and Gestures in Real-Time Systems. In Conjunction with ICCV'99. Corfu, Greece 26 - 27 Sep 1999 IEEE . https://doi.org/10.1109/ratfg.1999.799220

A dynamic JAVA-based intelligent interface for online image database searches
Konstantinou, V. and Psarrou, A. 1999. A dynamic JAVA-based intelligent interface for online image database searches. Third International Conference, VISUAL'99. Amsterdam, The Netherlands 02 - 04 Jun 1999 Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-48762-x_27

Stochastic temporal models of human activities
Walter, M., Gong, S. and Psarrou, A. 1999. Stochastic temporal models of human activities. IEEE International Workshop on Modelling People. MPeople'99. Kerkyra, Greece 20 Sep 1999 IEEE . https://doi.org/10.1109/people.1999.798350

Recognition of temporal structures: Learning prior and propagating observation augmented densities via hidden Markov states
Gong, Shaogang, Walter, Michael and Psarrou, Alexandra 1999. Recognition of temporal structures: Learning prior and propagating observation augmented densities via hidden Markov states. Seventh IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision. Kerkyra, Greece 20 - 27 Sep 1999 IEEE . https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCV.1999.791212

Security Issues in Electronic Distance Learning
Parapadakis, D. 1999. Security Issues in Electronic Distance Learning. The 19th ICDE World Conference on Open Learning and Distance Education. Vienna, Austria Jun 1999

The Learning Skills Project
Bouki, V., Veniou, P. and Parapadakis, D. 1999. The Learning Skills Project. The 19th ICDE World Conference on Open Learning and Distance Education. Vienna, Austria Jun 1999

The HYDRA system: A Machine Learning System for Multiple, Impure Sources
Parapadakis, D. 1999. The HYDRA system: A Machine Learning System for Multiple, Impure Sources. in: Mohammadian, M. (ed.) Proceedings of CIMCA (Computational Intelligence for Modelling, Control and Automation) Vienna, Austria IOS Press.

Using RBF networks to map GWT ridge images to pose
Psarrou, A. and Tanner, J. 1998. Using RBF networks to map GWT ridge images to pose. Third Asian Conference on Computer Vision (ACCV'98). Hong Kong, China 08 - 10 Jan 1998 Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-63930-6_180

Content-based search in medieval manuscripts
Psarrou, A., Konstantinou, V., Morse, P. and O'Reilly, P. 1997. Content-based search in medieval manuscripts. IEEE TENCON '97. IEEE Region 10 Annual Conference. Brisbane, QLD, Australia 04 Dec 1997 IEEE . https://doi.org/10.1109/TENCON.1997.647288

Modelling spatio-temporal trajectories and face signatures on partially recurrent neural networks
Psarrou, Alexandra, Gong, Shaogang and Buxton, Hilary 1995. Modelling spatio-temporal trajectories and face signatures on partially recurrent neural networks. ICNN'95 - International Conference on Neural Networks. Perth, WA, Australia 27 Nov - 01 Dec 1995 IEEE . https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNN.1995.487707

A neural network platform for recognising a sequence of cell images
Psarrou, A. and Buxton, H. 1992. A neural network platform for recognising a sequence of cell images. Applications of Artificial Neural Networks III: Aerospace Sensing. Orlando, FL, United States 16 Sep 1992 https://doi.org/10.1117/12.139983

Neural network approach to the computation of visual algorithms
Psarrou, A. and Buxton, H. 1989. Neural network approach to the computation of visual algorithms. First IEE International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks. London, UK 16 - 18 Oct 1989 IEEE .