An Evaluation of the Efficacy of a Perceptually Controlled Immersive Environment for Learning Acupuncture

Multimodal pain assessment with transformers
Psarrou, A., Benavent-Lledo, M., Lopez-Valle, Ortiz-Perez, D., Mulero-Pérez, D. and Garcia-Rodriguez, J. 2026. Forthcoming. Multimodal pain assessment with transformers. Neurocomputing. 664 132066. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2025.132066

Tutor-Help: Enhancing Student Engagement through Inclusive NPC-Driven Learning Systems
Mentzelopoulos, M. 2025. Tutor-Help: Enhancing Student Engagement through Inclusive NPC-Driven Learning Systems. Third Annual Sustainable Development Goals Workshop - Partnership, Leadership, and Change. University of Westminster, London 16 Jun 2025 University of Westminster - Computer Science & Engineering School Department of Computer Science.

Transformative Learning: From Virtual Worlds to Gamified Classrooms
Mentzelopoulos, M. 2025. Transformative Learning: From Virtual Worlds to Gamified Classrooms. CHEAD.

AI-based System for Brain Tumor Segmentation and 3D Visualization
El Badaoui, R., Brainthra, A., Bonmati Coll, E., Psarrou, A. and Villarini, B. 2025. AI-based System for Brain Tumor Segmentation and 3D Visualization. 2025 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS). IEEE . https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCAS56072.2025.11043690

Enhanced CATBraTS for Brain Tumour Semantic Segmentation
El Badaoui, R., Bonmati Coll, E., Psarrou, A., Asaturyan, H. and Villarini, B. 2025. Enhanced CATBraTS for Brain Tumour Semantic Segmentation. Journal of Imaging. 11 (1), p. 8. https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging11010008

CrimOPS: Exploring students’ experiences in using virtual simulation for authentic learning and assessment in criminal psychology
Gerard, F.J., Ammerer, K., Mentzelopoulos, M. and Economou, D. 2025. CrimOPS: Exploring students’ experiences in using virtual simulation for authentic learning and assessment in criminal psychology. Journal of Criminal Justice Education. 36 (4), pp. 622-640. https://doi.org/10.1080/10511253.2024.2324179

Next-Gen Learning: Harnessing Immersive Tech and Gamification
Mentzelopoulos, M. and Ingram, J. 2024. Next-Gen Learning: Harnessing Immersive Tech and Gamification . CETI University of Westminster.

PainFusion: Multimodal Pain Assessment from RGB and Sensor Data
Benavent-Lledo,M., Lopez-Valle, M., Ortiz-Perez, D., Mulero-Perez, D., Garcia-Rodriguez, J. and Psarrou, A. 2024. PainFusion: Multimodal Pain Assessment from RGB and Sensor Data. Quintian, H., Corchado, E., Troncoso Lora, A., Perez-Garcia, H., Jove, E,, Calvo Role, J., Martinez de Pison, F., Garcia Bringas, P., Martinez Alvarez, F., Herrero, A. and Fosci, P. (ed.) 19th International Conference on Soft Computing Models in Industrial and Environmental Applications. Salamanca, Spain 09 - 11 Oct 2024 Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-75013-7_30

Technical Considerations for Designing and Implementing Immersive Learning Applications
Economou, D., Peña-Rios, A., Mentzelopoulos, M., Martinez-mukimov, T. and Ferguson, J. 2023. Technical Considerations for Designing and Implementing Immersive Learning Applications. 9th International Conference of the Immersive Learning Research Network. California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA 26 Jun 2023 - 29 May 2024 Immersive Learning Research Network. https://doi.org/10.56198/ITIG2DTW5

A Constellation of Potential: Tapping into the iLRN Community to Connect and Collaborate
O'Shea, P., Mentzelopoulos, M. and Scapin, T. 2023. A Constellation of Potential: Tapping into the iLRN Community to Connect and Collaborate. 9th International Conference of the Immersive Learning Research Network. California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA 26 Jun 2023 - 29 May 2024 Immersive Learning Research Network. https://doi.org/10.56198/ITIG26WA2

A Comprehensive Study on Pain Assessment from Multimodal Sensor Data
Benavent-Lledo, M., Mulero-Pérez, David, Ortiz-Perez, David, Rodriguez-Juan, J., Berenguer-Agullo, Adrian, Psarrou, Alexandra and Garcia-Rodriguez, J. 2023. A Comprehensive Study on Pain Assessment from Multimodal Sensor Data. Sensors. 23 (24) 9675. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23249675

Computational approaches to Explainable Artificial Intelligence: Advances in theory, applications and trends
Psarrou, A. and Gorritz, J.M 2023. Computational approaches to Explainable Artificial Intelligence: Advances in theory, applications and trends. Information Fusion. 100 101945. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inffus.2023.101945

A framework for the metrification of input image quality in deep networks
Psarrou, A., Triantaphillidou, S., Feisal, I. and Van Zwanenberg, O. 2023. A framework for the metrification of input image quality in deep networks. Electronic Imaging. 35, pp. 307-1 - 307-7 IQSP-307. https://doi.org/10.2352/EI.2023.35.8.IQSP-307

3D CATBraTS: Channel Attention Transformer for Brain Tumour Semantic Segmentation
El Badaoui, R., Bonmati Coll, E., Psarrou, A. and Villarini, B. 2023. 3D CATBraTS: Channel Attention Transformer for Brain Tumour Semantic Segmentation. 36th IEEE International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (IEEE CBMS2023). L'Aquila, Italy 24 May - 22 Jun 2023 IEEE . https://doi.org/10.1109/cbms58004.2023.00267

Work-in-progress-Gamifying the process of Learning Sign Language in VR
Economou, Daphne, Mentzelopoulos, Markos, Ingram, Jack, Martinez-Mukimov, Timur, Primkulova, Shirin and Abduvaliev, Said 2022. Work-in-progress-Gamifying the process of Learning Sign Language in VR. IEEE . https://doi.org/10.23919/ilrn55037.2022.9815988

Doctoral Colloquium—Artmaking: From a Hands-On Process to a VR Translation
Keleri, Maritina, Economou, Daphne and Ferguson, Jeffrey 2022. Doctoral Colloquium—Artmaking: From a Hands-On Process to a VR Translation. IEEE . https://doi.org/10.23919/ilrn55037.2022.9815907

Work-In-Progress—CrimOPS-Gamified Virtual Simulations for Authentic Assessment in Criminology
Gerard, F. Jeane, Mentzelopoulos, Markos, Economou, Daphne, Khalish, Zeeshan, Ingram, Jack and Ashley, Edwards 2022. Work-In-Progress—CrimOPS-Gamified Virtual Simulations for Authentic Assessment in Criminology. 8th International Conference of the Immersive Learning Research Network (iLRN 2022)). Vienna, Austria 30 May - 04 Jun 2022 IEEE . https://doi.org/10.23919/ilrn55037.2022.9815942

Special Session - Students on Game Immersion Workshop
Mentzelopoulos, M. and Bass-Clark, D. 2021. Special Session - Students on Game Immersion Workshop. 7th International Conference of the Immersive Learning Research Network (iLRN 2021). Online 17 May - 10 Jun 2021 IEEE . https://doi.org/10.23919/iLRN52045.2021.9459346

Analysis of Natural Scene Derived Spatial Frequency Responses for Estimating Camera ISO12233 Slanted-edge Performance
van Zwanenberg, Oliver, Triantaphillidou, Sophie, Psarrou, Alexandra and Jenkin, Robin B. 2021. Analysis of Natural Scene Derived Spatial Frequency Responses for Estimating Camera ISO12233 Slanted-edge Performance. Journal of Imaging Science and Technology. https://doi.org/10.2352/j.imagingsci.technol.2021.65.6.060405

Estimation of ISO12233 Edge Spatial Frequency Response from Natural Scene Derived Step-Edge Data
van Zwanenberg, Oliver, Triantaphillidou, Sophie, Jenkin, Robin B. and Psarrou, Alexandra 2021. Estimation of ISO12233 Edge Spatial Frequency Response from Natural Scene Derived Step-Edge Data. Journal of Imaging Science and Technology. 65 (6), pp. 60402-1-60402-16. https://doi.org/10.2352/j.imagingsci.technol.2021.65.6.060402

Natural Scene Derived Camera Edge Spatial Frequency Response for Autonomous Vision Systems
Van Zwanenberg, O., Triantaphillidou, S., Jenkin, R. and Psarrou, A. 2021. Natural Scene Derived Camera Edge Spatial Frequency Response for Autonomous Vision Systems. IS&T/IoP London Imaging Meeting 2021. London 20 - 22 Sep 2021 The Society of Imaging Science and Technology. https://doi.org/10.2352/issn.2694-118X.2021.LIM-88

Work-In-Progress Paper: 360-degree immersive storytelling video to create empathetic response
Hollick, M., Acheampong, C., Ahmed, M., Economou, D. and Ferguson, J. 2021. Work-In-Progress Paper: 360-degree immersive storytelling video to create empathetic response. 7th International Conference of the Immersive Learning Research Network (iLRN 2021). Online 17 May - 10 Jun 2021 IEEE . https://doi.org/10.23919/iLRN52045.2021.9459340

Work-In-Progress Paper: WebXR to support student wellbeing and anxiety
Hossain, M., Economou, D. and Ferguson, J. 2021. Work-In-Progress Paper: WebXR to support student wellbeing and anxiety. 7th International Conference of the Immersive Learning Research Network (iLRN 2021). Online 17 May - 10 Jun 2021 IEEE . https://doi.org/10.23919/iLRN52045.2021.9459324

A methodology to evaluate the use of Serious Games in achieving Deep Learning: An Application for Andragogy in Human Resource Development
Gemade, M. and Mentzelopoulos, M. 2020. A methodology to evaluate the use of Serious Games in achieving Deep Learning: An Application for Andragogy in Human Resource Development. 6th International Conference of the Immersive Learning Research Network. OnLine 21 - 25 Jun 2020 IEEE . https://doi.org/10.23919/iLRN47897.2020.9155118

Using Serious Games for Learning British Sign Language Combining Video, Enhanced Interactivity, and VR Technology
Ferguson, J., Gonzalez Russi, M., Doumanis, I., Mentzelopoulos, M., Bouki, V. and Ferguson, J. 2020. Using Serious Games for Learning British Sign Language Combining Video, Enhanced Interactivity, and VR Technology. Journal of Universal Computer Science. 26 (8), pp. 996-1016.

Using serious games for learning sign language combining video, enhanced interactivity and VR technology
Economou, D., Doumanis, I., Bouki, V. and Mentzelopoulos, M. 2020. Using serious games for learning sign language combining video, enhanced interactivity and VR technology. Special Issue of Journal of Universal Computer Science (J.UCS) on Exploring Immersive Technologies in Learning. 26 (8), pp. 996-1016.

Camera System Performance Derived from Natural Scenes
Van Zwanenberg, O., Triantaphillidou, S., Jenkin, R. and Psarrou, A. 2020. Camera System Performance Derived from Natural Scenes. Bonnier, Nicolas and Farias, Mylène (ed.) IS&T Electronic Imaging: Image Quality and System Performance XVII. Burlingame, California, USA 26 - 30 Jan 2020 The Society of Imaging Science and Technology. https://doi.org/10.2352/ISSN.2470-1173.2020.9.IQSP-241

Adult Learning Sign Language by combining video, interactivity and play in a 3D game platform
Economou, D., Gonzalez Russi, M., Doumanis, I., Bouki, V., Mentzelopoulos, M. and Ferguson, J. 2019. Adult Learning Sign Language by combining video, interactivity and play in a 3D game platform. Beck, D., Peña-Rios, A., Ogle, T., Economou, D., Mentzelopoulos, M., Eckhardt, C., Morgado, L., Pirker, J., Koitz-Hristov, R., Richter, J., Gütl, C. and Gardner, M. (ed.) 5th International Conference of Immersive Learning Research Network. London 23 - 27 Jun 2019 Graz University Press. https://doi.org/10.3217/978-3-85125-657-4

Immersive Learning Research Network, 5th International Conference, iLRN 2019, London, UK, June 23–27, 2019, Proceedings
Beck, D., Peña-Rios, A., Ogle, Economou, D., Mentzelopoulos, M., Morgado, L., Eckhardt, C., Pirker, J., Koitz-Hristov, R., Richter, J., Gütl, C. and Gardner, M. Beck, D., Peña-Rios, A., Ogle, T., Economou, D., Mentzelopoulos, M., Morgado, L., Eckhardt, C., Pirker, J., Koitz-Hristov, R., Richter, J., Gütl, C. and Gardner, M. (ed.) 2019. Immersive Learning Research Network, 5th International Conference, iLRN 2019, London, UK, June 23–27, 2019, Proceedings. Switzerland Springer.

Edge Detection Techniques for Quantifying Spatial Imaging System Performance and Image Quality
Van Zwanenberg, O., Triantaphillidou, S., Jenkin, R. and Psarrou, A. 2019. Edge Detection Techniques for Quantifying Spatial Imaging System Performance and Image Quality. The Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR 2019). Long Beach California 15 - 21 Jun 2019 ACM/IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPRW.2019.00238

Evaluation of different chrominance models in the detection and reconstruction of faces and hands using the growing neural gas network
Angelopoulou, A., Garcia-Rodriguez, J., Orts Escolano, S., Kapetanios, D.E., Liang, X., Woll, B. and Psarrou, A. 2019. Evaluation of different chrominance models in the detection and reconstruction of faces and hands using the growing neural gas network. Pattern Analysis and Applications. 22 (4), p. 1667–1685. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10044-019-00819-x

Contrast sensitivity in images of natural scenes
Triantaphillidou, S., Jarvis, J., Psarrou, A. and Gupta, G. 2019. Contrast sensitivity in images of natural scenes. Signal Processing: Image Communication . 75, pp. 64-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.image.2019.03.002

Expert systems: Special issue on “Machine Learning Methods Neural Networks applied to Vision and Robotics (MLMVR)”
García-Rodríguez, J., Escalera, S., Psarrou, A., Guyon, I., Lewis, A. and Leitner, J. 2018. Expert systems: Special issue on “Machine Learning Methods Neural Networks applied to Vision and Robotics (MLMVR)”. Expert Systems. 35 (2) e12258. https://doi.org/10.1111/exsy.12258

Fast 2D/3D object representation with growing neural gas
Angelopoulou, A., Garcia-Rodriguez, J., Orts Escolano, S., Gupta, G. and Psarrou, A. 2018. Fast 2D/3D object representation with growing neural gas. Neural Computing and Applications. 29 (10), pp. 903-919. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-016-2579-y

REVRLaw: Virtual Reality in Legal Education
Kathrani, P. and Mentzelopoulos, M. 2017. REVRLaw: Virtual Reality in Legal Education.

Transforming the teaching experience
Mentzelopoulos, M. 2017. Transforming the teaching experience. Westminster Higher Education Forum UK Headquarters, 4 Bracknell Beeches, Old Bracknell Lane, West Bracknell, Berkshire. RG12 7BW 18 Oct 2017

Virtual Environments and Advanced Interfaces
Economou, D., Mentzelopoulos, M., Georgalas, N., Carretero, J. and Garcia-Blas, J. 2017. Virtual Environments and Advanced Interfaces. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing. 6 (21), pp. 963-964. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00779-017-1076-3

Drinking Games: Simulating Alcoholic Behavior Patterns in the ”Pubcrawler” Video Game
Ferguson, J. and Tolentino, C. 2017. Drinking Games: Simulating Alcoholic Behavior Patterns in the ”Pubcrawler” Video Game. Beck, D., Allison, C., Morgado, L., Pirker, J., Khosmood, F., Richter, J. and Gutl, C. (ed.) Immersive Learning Research Network - iLRN2017. Coimbra, Portugal 25 - 29 Jun 2017 Verlag der Technischen Universität Graz. https://doi.org/10.3217/978-3-85125-530-0-45

Learning Languages and Complex Subjects with Memory Palaces
Ralby, A., Mentzelopoulos, M. and Cook, H. 2017. Learning Languages and Complex Subjects with Memory Palaces. in: Immersive Learning Research Network. iLRN 2017. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 725 Springer. pp. 217-228

Editorial: special issue on computational intelligence for vision and robotics
Garcia-Rodriguez, J., Guyon, I., Escalera, S., Psarrou, A., Lewis, A. and Cazorla, M. 2016. Editorial: special issue on computational intelligence for vision and robotics. Neural Computing and Applications. 28, pp. 853-854. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-016-2330-8

Quiz Cube:an AR mobile learning application
Protopsaltis, A., Ferguson, J., Mentzelopoulos, M. and Kaloyan,K 2016. Quiz Cube:an AR mobile learning application. 11th International Workshop on Semantic and Social Media Adaptation and Personalization. Thessaloniki, Greece 20 - 21 Oct 2016 IEEE . https://doi.org/10.1109/SMAP.2016.7753401

Performance Evaluation of a Statistical and a Neural Network Model for Nonrigid Shape-Based Registration
Angelopoulou, A., Psarrou, A., Garcia-Rodriguez, J. and Mentzelopoulos, M. 2016. Performance Evaluation of a Statistical and a Neural Network Model for Nonrigid Shape-Based Registration. Sixth International Conference on Image Processing Theory, Tools and Applications (IPTA'16). Finland 12 - 15 Dec 2016 IEEE . https://doi.org/10.1109/IPTA.2016.7820990

Virtual reality helps students to master criminal law
Mentzelopoulos, M. and Kathrani, P. 2016. Virtual reality helps students to master criminal law. THE TIMES.

Immersive Learning Research Network
Mentzelopoulos, M., Parrish, J, Kathrani, P. and Economou, D. 2016. Immersive Learning Research Network. in: Allison, C, Morgado, L, Pirker, J., Beck, D, Richter, J and Gutl, C. (ed.) Immersive Learning Research Network: Volume 621 of the series Communications in Computer and Information Science Santa Barbara, CA, USA, June 27 – July 1, 2016 Springer. pp. 73-84

Westminster Serious Games Platform (wmin-SGP) a tool for real-time authoring of roleplay simulations for learning
Economou, D., Doumanis, I., Pedersen, F.S., Kathrani, P., Mentzelopoulos, M., Bouki, V. and Georgalas, N. 2016. Westminster Serious Games Platform (wmin-SGP) a tool for real-time authoring of roleplay simulations for learning. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Future Intelligent Educational Environments. 16 (6), p. e5 e5. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.27-6-2016.151524

Perceptual user interface framework for immersive information retrieval environments (An experimental framework for testing and rapid iteration)
Mentzelopoulos, M., Ferguson, J. and Protopsaltis, A. 2016. Perceptual user interface framework for immersive information retrieval environments (An experimental framework for testing and rapid iteration). International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM). 10 (2), pp. 64-71. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v10i2.5643

Real time motion estimation using a neural architecture implemented on GPUs
Garcia-Rodriguez, J., Orts Escolano, S., Angelopoulou, A., Psarrou, A., Azorin-Lopez, J. and Garcia-Chamizo, J.M. 2016. Real time motion estimation using a neural architecture implemented on GPUs. Journal of Real-Time Image Processing. 11 (4), pp. 731-749. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11554-014-0417-y

Perceptually captured gesture interaction with immersive information retrieval environments: An experimental framework for testing and rapid iteration
Mentzelopoulos, M., Ferguson, J. and Protopsaltis, A. 2015. Perceptually captured gesture interaction with immersive information retrieval environments: An experimental framework for testing and rapid iteration. 2015 International Conference on Interactive Mobile Communication Technologies and Learning (IMCL). Thessaloniki, Greece 19 Nov 2015 IEEE . https://doi.org/10.1109/IMCTL.2015.7359608

Lessons from digital puppetry - Updating a design framework for a perceptual user interface
Ferguson, J. 2015. Lessons from digital puppetry - Updating a design framework for a perceptual user interface. 2015 IEEE International Conference on Computer and Information Technology; Ubiquitous Computing and Communications; Dependable, Autonomic and Secure Computing; Pervasive Intelligence and Computing - The International Workshop on Virtual Environments and Advanced Interfaces. Liverpool, UK 28 Oct 2015 IEEE . https://doi.org/10.1109/CIT/IUCC/DASC/PICOM.2015.239

Small and flexible web based framework for teaching QR and AR mobile learning application development
Ferguson, J., Mentzelopoulos, M., Protopsaltis, A. and Economou, D. 2015. Small and flexible web based framework for teaching QR and AR mobile learning application development. IMCL 2015 International Conference on Interactive Mobile Communication Technologies and Learning. Thessaloniki, Greece 19 Nov 2015 IEEE . https://doi.org/10.1109/IMCTL.2015.7359624

Treasure hunt pervasive games in cultural organisations
Economou, D., Bouki, V., Kounenis, T., Mentzelopoulos, M. and Georgalas, N. 2015. Treasure hunt pervasive games in cultural organisations. IMCL 2015 International Conference on Interactive Mobile Communication Technologies and Learning. Thessaloniki, Greece 19 Nov 2015 IEEE . https://doi.org/10.1109/IMCTL.2015.7359621

Edu-simulation: a serious games platform designed to engage and motivate students
Economou, D., Doumanis, I., Bouki, V., Pedersen, F.S., Kathrani, P., Mentzelopoulos, M. and Georgalas, N. 2015. Edu-simulation: a serious games platform designed to engage and motivate students. IMCL 2015 International Conference on Interactive Mobile Communication Technologies and Learning. Thessaloniki, Greece 19 Nov 2015 IEEE . https://doi.org/10.1109/IMCTL.2015.7359596

Hardware Interfaces for VR Applications: Evaluation on Prototypes
Mentzelopoulos, M., Tarpini, F., Emanuele, A. and Protopsaltis, A. 2015. Hardware Interfaces for VR Applications: Evaluation on Prototypes. The 14th IEEE International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing and Communications - IUCC-2-15 (Special session: VEAI). Liverpool - UK 26 Oct 2015 IEEE .

Editorial: Neural Processing Letters Special Issue on “Neural Networks for Vision and Robotics”
Garcia-Rodriguez, J., Psarrou, A., Lewis, A., Angelopoulou, A. and Cazorla, M. 2015. Editorial: Neural Processing Letters Special Issue on “Neural Networks for Vision and Robotics”. Neural Processing Letters. 43 (2), pp. 309-310. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11063-015-9435-4

EdCCDroid: An Education Pilot Prototype for Introducing Code-Combat using LUA
Wood, C., Mentzelopoulos, M. and Protopsaltis, A. 2015. EdCCDroid: An Education Pilot Prototype for Introducing Code-Combat using LUA . 1st Immersive Learning Research Network Conference (iLRN'15). Prague - Czech Republic Jul 2015 IOS Press. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-530-2-353

3D reconstruction of medical images from slices automatically landmarked with growing neural models
Angelopoulou, A., Psarrou, A., Garcia-Rodriguez, J., Orts-Escolano, S., Azorin-Lopez, J. and Revett, K. 2015. 3D reconstruction of medical images from slices automatically landmarked with growing neural models. Neurocomputing. 150 (A), pp. 16-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2014.03.078

Comparative performance between human and automated face recognition systems, using CCTV imagery, different compression levels and scene parameters
Tsifouti, A., Triantaphillidou, S., Larabi M-C, Bilissi, E. and Psarrou, A. 2015. Comparative performance between human and automated face recognition systems, using CCTV imagery, different compression levels and scene parameters . SPIE Electronic Imaging: Image Quality and System Performance XII. San Fransisco, USA Jan 2015 SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2083325

The effects of scene content parameters, compression, and frame rate on the performance of analytics systems
Tsifouti, A., Triantaphillidou, S., Larabi, M.C., Doré, G, Bilissi, E. and Psarrou, A. 2015. The effects of scene content parameters, compression, and frame rate on the performance of analytics systems. SPIE Elecgtronic Imaging: Image Quality and System Performance XII. San Fransisco, USA Jan 2015 SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2083426

A case study in identifying acceptable bitrates for human face recognition tasks
Tsifouti, A., Triantaphillidou, S., Larabi, M.C., Bilissi, E. and Psarrou, A. 2015. A case study in identifying acceptable bitrates for human face recognition tasks. Signal Processing: Image Communication . 36, p. 14–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.image.2015.05.002

Adaptive-threshold region merging via path scanning
Gupta, G. and Psarrou, A. 2014. Adaptive-threshold region merging via path scanning. 22nd International Conference on Pattern Recognition. Stockholm, Sweden Aug 2014 IEEE . https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPR.2014.173

A dynamic role-playing platform for simulations in legal and political education
Economou, D., Doumanis, I., Bouki, V., Pedersen, F.S., Kathrani, P., Mentzelopoulos, M. and Georgalas, N. 2014. A dynamic role-playing platform for simulations in legal and political education. International Conference on Interactive Mobile Communication Technologies and Learning (IMCL). Thessaloniki 13 Nov 2014 IEEE . https://doi.org/10.1109/IMCTL.2014.7011138

Human Computer Interaction using gestures for mobile devices and serious games: A review
Spanogianopoulos, S., Mentzelopoulos, M., Sirlantzis, K. and Protopsaltis, A. 2014. Human Computer Interaction using gestures for mobile devices and serious games: A review. International Conference on Interactive Mobile Communication Technologies and Learning (IMCL). Thessaloniki 13 Nov 2014 IEEE . https://doi.org/10.1109/IMCTL.2014.7011154

Computer vision applications of self-organizing neural networks
García-Rodríguez, J., García-Chamizo, J.M., Orts-Escolano, S., Morell-Gimenez, V., Serra-Pérez, J.A., Angelolopoulou, A., Psarrou, A., Cazorla, M. and Viejo, D. 2013. Computer vision applications of self-organizing neural networks. in: Robotic Vision: Technologies for Machine Learning and Vision Applications IGI Global.

3D hand pose estimation with neural networks
Serra, J.A., Garcia-Rodriguez, J., Orts Escolano, S., Garcia-Chamizo, J.M., Angelopoulou, A., Psarrou, A., Mentzelopoulos, M., Montoyo-Bojo, J. and Domínguez, E. 2013. 3D hand pose estimation with neural networks. in: Advances in Computational Intelligence: 12th International Work-Conference on Artificial Neural Networks, IWANN 2013 Springer.

Football video annotation based on player motion recognition using enhanced entropy
Mentzelopoulos, M., Psarrou, A., Angelopoulou, A. and Garcia-Rodriguez, J. 2013. Football video annotation based on player motion recognition using enhanced entropy. in: Advances in Computational Intelligence: 12th International Work-Conference on Artificial Neural Networks, IWANN 2013 Springer.

Natural User Interfaces in Volume Visualisation using Microsoft Kinect
Angelopoulou, A., Garcia-Rodriguez, J., Psarrou, A., Mentzelopoulos, M., Reddy, B., Orts Escolano, S., Serra, J.A. and Lewis, A. 2013. Natural User Interfaces in Volume Visualisation using Microsoft Kinect. ICIAP 2013 International Workshops. Naples, Italy 09 Sep 2013 Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41190-8_2

Adaptive learning in motion analysis with self-organising maps
Angelopoulou, A., Garcia-Rodriguez, J., Psarrou, A., Gupta, G. and Mentzelopoulos, M. 2013. Adaptive learning in motion analysis with self-organising maps. International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN). Dallas, TX 04 Aug 2013 IEEE . https://doi.org/10.1109/IJCNN.2013.6707135

A semi-parametric approach for football video annotation
Mentzelopoulos, M., Psarrou, A., Angelopoulou, A. and Garcia-Rodriguez, J. 2013. A semi-parametric approach for football video annotation. International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN). Dallas, TX 04 Aug 2013 IEEE . https://doi.org/10.1109/IJCNN.2013.6706720

3D gesture recognition with growing neural gas
Sera-Perez, J.A., Garcia Rodriguez, J., Orts-Escolano, S., García-Chamizo, J.M., Montoyo-Bojo, J., Angelopoulou, A., Psarrou, A., Mentzelopoulos, M., Lewis, A. and Orts Escolano, S. 2013. 3D gesture recognition with growing neural gas. in: Proceedings of the International Joint Conference in Neural Networks, IJCNN 2013, 2-9 August 2013, Dallas, USA IEEE . pp. 3034-3041

Active foreground region extraction and tracking for sports video annotation
Mentzelopoulos, M., Psarrou, A., Angelopoulou, A. and Garcia-Rodriguez, J. 2013. Active foreground region extraction and tracking for sports video annotation. Neural Processing Letters. 37 (1), pp. 33-46. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11063-012-9267-4

Visual scene busyness measures through a region growing spatial segmentation
Gupta, G., Psarrou, A., Triantaphillidou, S. and Park, J.Y. 2012. Visual scene busyness measures through a region growing spatial segmentation. in: Lewis, C. and Burgess, D. (ed.) Optics and Photonics for Counterterrorism, Crime Fighting, and Defence VIII SPIE.

Region analysis through close contour transformation using growing neural gas
Gupta, G., Psarrou, A., Angelopoulou, A. and Garcia Rodriguez, J. 2012. Region analysis through close contour transformation using growing neural gas. in: WCCI 2012 IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence, IJCNN, Brisbane, Australia, 10-15 June 2012 IEEE . pp. 1-8

Building visual surveillance systems with neural networks.
Garcia Rodriguez, J., Angelopoulou, A., Mora-Gimeno, F.J. and Psarrou, A. 2012. Building visual surveillance systems with neural networks. in: Elizondo, D.A., Solanas, A. and Martinez-Balleste, A. (ed.) Computational Intelligence for Privacy and Security Springer.

Mobile augmented reality for cultural heritage
Angelopoulou, A., Economou, D., Bouki, V., Psarrou, A., Jin, L., Pritchard, C. and Kolyda, F. 2012. Mobile augmented reality for cultural heritage. in: Mobile wireless middleware, operating systems and applications: 4th international ICST conference, Mobilware 2011. London, UK, June 2011. Revised selected papers. Springer.

Near-infrared ink differentiation in medieval manuscripts
Psarrou, A., Licata, A., Kokla, V. and Tselikas, A. 2011. Near-infrared ink differentiation in medieval manuscripts. International Journal of Computer Vision. 94 (1), pp. 136-151. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-011-0419-1

Explosive ordinance disposal: motion sensor simulator in Nintendo Wii
Mentzelopoulos, M., Tanasa, M., Protopsaltis, A. and Economou, D. 2011. Explosive ordinance disposal: motion sensor simulator in Nintendo Wii. in: SIGDOC'11: proceedings of the 29th ACM international conference on design of communication: October 3 - 5, 2011, Pisa, Italy ACM. pp. 227-234

Fast image representation with GPU-based growing neural gas
Garcia-Rodriguez, J., Angelopoulou, A., Morell, V., Orts Escolano, S., Psarrou, A. and Garcia-Chamizo, J.M. 2011. Fast image representation with GPU-based growing neural gas. in: Cabestany, J., Rojas, I. and Joya, G. (ed.) Advances in Computational Intelligence: 11th International Work-Conference on Artificial Neural Networks, IWANN 2011, Torremolinos-Málaga, Spain, June 8-10, 2011, Proceedings, Part II Springer.

Fast Autonomous Growing Neural Gas
Garcia-Rodriguez, J., Angelopoulou, A., Orts Escolano, S., García-Chamizo, J.M., Psarrou, A. and Garcia Rodriguez, J. 2011. Fast Autonomous Growing Neural Gas. 2011 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN). San Jose, California July 31 - August 5, 2011 https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2011.6033293

Simulation game for training new teachers in class management
Bouki, V., Mentzelopoulos, M. and Protopsaltis, A. 2011. Simulation game for training new teachers in class management. in: SIGDOC'11: proceedings of the 29th ACM international conference on design of communication: October 3 - 5, 2011, Pisa, Italy ACM. pp. 79-82

Hand gesture modelling and tracking using a self-organising network
Angelopoulou, A., Garcia-Rodriguez, J., Psarrou, A. and Gupta, G. 2010. Hand gesture modelling and tracking using a self-organising network. The 2010 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) . Barcelona 18 Jul 2010 IEEE . https://doi.org/10.1109/IJCNN.2010.5596288

Watercolour identification based on machine vision analysis
Kokla, V., Psarrou, A. and Konstantinou, V. 2010. Watercolour identification based on machine vision analysis. e-Preservation Science. 7, pp. 22-28.

GNG based surveillance system
Garcia Rodriguez, J., Angelopoulou, A., García-Chamizo, J.M. and Psarrou, A. 2010. GNG based surveillance system. in: 2010 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), Barcelona, Spain, 18-23 July 2010 IEEE . pp. 1-8

Towards symbolic reasoning from subsymbolic sensory information
Bolotov, A., Gupta, G. and Psarrou, A. 2010. Towards symbolic reasoning from subsymbolic sensory information. in: Bolotov, A. (ed.) Proceedings of the automated reasoning workshop 2010: bridging the gap between theory and practice. ARW 2010 University of Westminster.

Tracking gestures using a probabilistic self-organising network
Angelopoulou, A., Psarrou, A., Garcia Rodriguez, J. and Gupta, G. 2010. Tracking gestures using a probabilistic self-organising network. in: 2010 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), Barcelona, Spain, 18-23 July 2010 IEEE . pp. 1-7

Unsupervised ink type recognition in ancient manuscripts
Psarrou, A., Licata, A. and Kokla, V. 2009. Unsupervised ink type recognition in ancient manuscripts. in: IEEE 12th International Conference on Computer Vision Workshop: on e-heritage and digital art preservation IEEE . pp. 955-961

An ink texture descriptor for NIR-imaged medieval documents
Licata, A., Psarrou, A. and Kokla, V. 2009. An ink texture descriptor for NIR-imaged medieval documents. in: Proceedings of the 16th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing: ICIP 2009, November 2009, Cairo IEEE . pp. 1997-2000

Revealing the visually unknown in ancient manuscripts with a similarity measure for IR-imaged inks
Licata, A., Psarrou, A. and Kokla, V. 2009. Revealing the visually unknown in ancient manuscripts with a similarity measure for IR-imaged inks. in: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition: ICDAR 2009. 26 - 29 July 2009, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain IEEE . pp. 818-822

Watercolour identification based on machine vision analysis
Kokla, V., Psarrou, A. and Konstantinou, V. 2009. Watercolour identification based on machine vision analysis. in: Proceedings of New Media Art Conference 2008, 7-9 Nov. 2008, Shanghai, China Shanghai, P.R. China Tongji University Press. pp. 133-143

Trends on interactive platforms for social media through Web2.0
Jin, L., Psarrou, A., Cao, S. and Chen, Y. 2009. Trends on interactive platforms for social media through Web2.0. in: International Conference on Management and Service Science. MASS '09. 20-22 Sept. 2009 IEEE .

Generic colour image segmentation via multi-stage region merging
Gupta, G., Psarrou, A. and Angelopoulou, A. 2009. Generic colour image segmentation via multi-stage region merging. in: Proceedings of the 10th Workshop on Image Analysis for Multimedia Interactive Services (WIAMIS '09) IEEE . pp. 185-188

Unsupervised classification for ancient manuscript analysis
Lu, K., Psarrou, A., Licata, A., Konstantinou, V. and Kokla, V. 2008. Unsupervised classification for ancient manuscript analysis. in: Proceedings of the International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists (IMECS'08), 19-20th March 2008, Hong-Kong International Association of Engineers. pp. 348-353

Active-GNG: model acquisition and tracking in cluttered backgrounds
Angelopoulou, A., Psarrou, A., Garcia Rodriguez, J. and Gupta, G. 2008. Active-GNG: model acquisition and tracking in cluttered backgrounds. in: VNBA '08: Proceeding of the 1st ACM workshop on vision networks for behavior analysis ACM. pp. 17-22

Computational models for pigment analysis
Kokla, V., Psarrou, A. and Konstantinou, V. 2008. Computational models for pigment analysis. Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing. 90 (1), pp. 15-22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-007-4236-x

Ink discrimination based on co-occurrence analysis of visible and infrared images
Kokla, V., Psarrou, A. and Konstantinou, V. 2007. Ink discrimination based on co-occurrence analysis of visible and infrared images. in: Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, 23-26 Sept. 2007 (ICDAR 2007) Los Alamitos, USA IEEE .

A Bayesian decision model for watercolour analysis
Kokla, V., Psarrou, A. and Konstantinou, V. 2007. A Bayesian decision model for watercolour analysis. in: Fotakis, C., Pezzati, L. and Salimbeni, R. (ed.) O3A: optics for arts, architecture, and archaeology: 20-22 June 2007, Munich, Germany Bellingham, Wash. SPIE.

Robust modelling and tracking of NonRigid objects using Active-GNG
Angelopoulou, A., Psarrou, A., Gupta, G. and Garcia Rodriguez, J. 2007. Robust modelling and tracking of NonRigid objects using Active-GNG. in: IEEE Workshop on Non-rigid Registration and Tracking through Learning, NRTL 2007, in conjunction with ICCV 2007, 14-21 October 2007, Rio de Janeiro Los Alamitos, USA IEEE . pp. 1-7

Nonparametric modelling and tracking with Active-GNG
Angelopoulou, A., Psarrou, A., Gupta, G. and Garcia Rodriguez, J. 2007. Nonparametric modelling and tracking with Active-GNG. in: Lew, M., Sebe, N., Huang, T.S. and Bakker, E.M. (ed.) Human-Computer Interaction: IEEE international workshop, HCI 2007, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, October 20, 2007; proceedings Berlin Springer.

The characterization if inks through image-based analysis
Kokla, V., Psarrou, A. and Konstantinou, V. 2006. The characterization if inks through image-based analysis. in: The object in context: crossing conservation boundaries Munich, Germany International Institute for Conservation of Historic & Artistic Works. pp. 322

Probability analysis in art conservation
Kokla, V., Psarrou, A. and Konstantinou, V. 2006. Probability analysis in art conservation. in: Ranchordas, A., Araujo, H. and Encarnacao, B. (ed.) VISAPP 2006: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Computer Vision Theory and Applications Portugal INSTICC Press. pp. 508-514

Ink recognition based on statistical classification methods
Kokla, V., Psarrou, A. and Konstantinou, V. 2006. Ink recognition based on statistical classification methods. in: Second International Conference on Document Image Analysis for Libraries, 2006. DIAL '06. USA IEEE . pp. 254-264

Automatically building 2D statistical shapes using the topology preservation model GNG
Garcia Rodriguez, J., Angelopoulou, A., Psarrou, A. and Revett, K. 2006. Automatically building 2D statistical shapes using the topology preservation model GNG. in: Narayanan, P.J., Nayar, S.K. and Shum, H.Y. (ed.) Computer Vision ACCV 2006: 7th Asian Conference on Computer Vision, Hyderabad, India, January 13-16, 2006: Proceedings, Part I Springer.

Probablistic image-based characterisation of manuscript inks
Psarrou, A. and Angelopoulou, A. 2005. Probablistic image-based characterisation of manuscript inks. SPIE International Symposium on Optical Metrology. Munich, Germany 13-17 Jun 2005

Probabilistic image-based characterization of manuscript inks
Kokla, V., Psarrou, A. and Konstantinou, V. 2005. Probabilistic image-based characterization of manuscript inks. in: Salimbeni, R. and Pezzati, L. (ed.) Proceedings of SPIE: optical methods for arts and archaeology International Society for Optical Engineering.

Automatic landmark extraction from a class of hands using growing neural gas
Angelopoulou, A., Garcia Rodriguez, J. and Psarrou, A. 2005. Automatic landmark extraction from a class of hands using growing neural gas. in: Proceedings of the 9th IAPR Conference on Machine Vision Applications, MVA 2005 Tokyo, Japan IAPR MVA Conference Committee. pp. 168-171

Key-frame extraction algorithm using entropy difference
Mentzelopoulos, M. and Psarrou, A. 2004. Key-frame extraction algorithm using entropy difference. in: Proceedings of the 6th ACM SIGMM International Workshop on Multimedia Information Retrieval New York, USA ACM. pp. 39-45

Delivering distance learning material via interactive television in the UK: a dynamic content-based inferface
Angelopoulou, A., Thomas, S., Konstantinou, V. and Psarrou, A. 2004. Delivering distance learning material via interactive television in the UK: a dynamic content-based inferface. 21st ICDE Conference on Open Learning and Distance Education. Hong Kong 18-21 Feb 2004

Evaluating statistical shape models for automatic landmark generation on a class of human hands
Angelopoulou, A. and Psarrou, A. 2004. Evaluating statistical shape models for automatic landmark generation on a class of human hands. International Archives of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. 34 (XXX).

diARTgnosis: study of European religious painting
Angelopoulou, A., Mantratzis, C., Psarrou, A. and Konstantinou, V. 2004. diARTgnosis: study of European religious painting. 2nd International Conference of Museology. Mytilene, Greece 28 Jun - 02 Jul 2004

A dynamic model for delivering distance learning material via interactive television
Angelopoulou, A., Thomas, S., Gallahan, P. and Psarrou, A. 2003. A dynamic model for delivering distance learning material via interactive television. Second International Conference on Multimedia and ICTs in Education. Badajoz, Spain 03-06 Dec 2003

Recognition of human gestures and behaviour based on motion trajectories
Psarrou, A., Gong, S. and Walter, M. 2002. Recognition of human gestures and behaviour based on motion trajectories. Image and Vision Computing. 20 (5-6), pp. 349-358. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0262-8856(02)00007-0

Corresponding dynamic appearances
Gong, S., Psarrou, A. and Romdani, S. 2002. Corresponding dynamic appearances. Image and Vision Computing. 20 (4), pp. 307-318. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0262-8856(02)00025-2

Image processing: a helpful tool in art conservation
Kokla, V., Psarrou, A. and Konstantinou, V. 2002. Image processing: a helpful tool in art conservation. in: Van Grieken, R., Janssens, K., Dack, L.V.T. and Meersman, G. (ed.) Art 2002 : 7th International Conference on Non-destructive Testing and Microanalysis for the Diagnostics and Conservation of the Cultural and Environmental Heritage 2-6 June 2002 Congress Centre Elzenveld, Antwerp, Begium: proceedings Antwerp University of Antwerp.

Use of non-destructive methodology in the identification of old inks
Alexopoulou, A., Kokla, V., Psarrou, A. and Konstantinou, V. 2002. Use of non-destructive methodology in the identification of old inks. in: Van Grieken, R., Janssens, K., van't dack, L. and Meersman, G. (ed.) Art 2002: proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Non-Destructive Testing and Microanalysis for Diagnostics and Conservation of Cultural and Environmental Heritage, 2002 Antwerp, Belgium University of Antwerp.

Data driven model acquisition using minimum description length
Walter, M., Psarrou, A. and Gong, S. 2001. Data driven model acquisition using minimum description length. in: Cootes, T. and Taylor, C. (ed.) BMVC: Proceedings of the 12th British Machine Vision Conference BMVA. pp. 673-683

Auto clustering for unsupervised learning of atomic gesture components using minimum description length
Walter, M., Psarrou, A. and Gong, S. 2001. Auto clustering for unsupervised learning of atomic gesture components using minimum description length. in: Proceedings of IEEE ICCV Workshop on Recognition, Analysis, and Tracking of Faces and Gestures in Real-Time Systems, 2001 USA IEEE . pp. 157-162

An extensible movie system interface for information-rich television
Angelopoulou, A., Psarrou, A. and Parapadakis, D. 2001. An extensible movie system interface for information-rich television. in: Graham, P., Maheswaran, M. and Eskicioglu, M.R. (ed.) Proceedings of the International Conference on Internet Computing, IC'2001, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA, June 25-28, 2001 USA CSREA Press.

An incremental approach towards automatic model acquisition for human gesture recognition
Walter, M., Psarrou, A. and Gong, S. 2000. An incremental approach towards automatic model acquisition for human gesture recognition. Workshop on Human Motion. Austin, Texas 07 - 08 Dec 2000 IEEE . https://doi.org/10.1109/humo.2000.897369

On utilising template and feature-based correspondence in multi-view appearance models
Romdhani, S., Psarrou, A. and Gong, S. 2000. On utilising template and feature-based correspondence in multi-view appearance models. 6th European Conference on Computer Vision. Dublin, Ireland 26 Jun - 01 Jul 2000 Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45054-8_52

A generic face appearance model of shape and texture under very large pose variations from profile to profile views
Romdhani, S., Gong, S. and Psarrou, A. 2000. A generic face appearance model of shape and texture under very large pose variations from profile to profile views. 15th International Conference on Pattern Recognition. ICPR-2000. Barcelona, Spain 03 - 07 Sep 2000 IEEE . https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPR.2000.905654

Learning a single active face shape model across views
Romdhani, S., Psarrou, A. and Gong, S. 1999. Learning a single active face shape model across views. International Workshop on Recognition, Analysis, and Tracking of Faces and Gestures in Real-Time Systems. In Conjunction with ICCV'99. Corfu, Greece 26 - 27 Sep 1999 IEEE . https://doi.org/10.1109/ratfg.1999.799220

A dynamic JAVA-based intelligent interface for online image database searches
Konstantinou, V. and Psarrou, A. 1999. A dynamic JAVA-based intelligent interface for online image database searches. Third International Conference, VISUAL'99. Amsterdam, The Netherlands 02 - 04 Jun 1999 Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-48762-x_27

Stochastic temporal models of human activities
Walter, M., Gong, S. and Psarrou, A. 1999. Stochastic temporal models of human activities. IEEE International Workshop on Modelling People. MPeople'99. Kerkyra, Greece 20 Sep 1999 IEEE . https://doi.org/10.1109/people.1999.798350

Recognition of temporal structures: Learning prior and propagating observation augmented densities via hidden Markov states
Gong, Shaogang, Walter, Michael and Psarrou, Alexandra 1999. Recognition of temporal structures: Learning prior and propagating observation augmented densities via hidden Markov states. Seventh IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision. Kerkyra, Greece 20 - 27 Sep 1999 IEEE . https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCV.1999.791212

Using RBF networks to map GWT ridge images to pose
Psarrou, A. and Tanner, J. 1998. Using RBF networks to map GWT ridge images to pose. Third Asian Conference on Computer Vision (ACCV'98). Hong Kong, China 08 - 10 Jan 1998 Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-63930-6_180

Content-based search in medieval manuscripts
Psarrou, A., Konstantinou, V., Morse, P. and O'Reilly, P. 1997. Content-based search in medieval manuscripts. IEEE TENCON '97. IEEE Region 10 Annual Conference. Brisbane, QLD, Australia 04 Dec 1997 IEEE . https://doi.org/10.1109/TENCON.1997.647288

Modelling spatio-temporal trajectories and face signatures on partially recurrent neural networks
Psarrou, Alexandra, Gong, Shaogang and Buxton, Hilary 1995. Modelling spatio-temporal trajectories and face signatures on partially recurrent neural networks. ICNN'95 - International Conference on Neural Networks. Perth, WA, Australia 27 Nov - 01 Dec 1995 IEEE . https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNN.1995.487707

A neural network platform for recognising a sequence of cell images
Psarrou, A. and Buxton, H. 1992. A neural network platform for recognising a sequence of cell images. Applications of Artificial Neural Networks III: Aerospace Sensing. Orlando, FL, United States 16 Sep 1992 https://doi.org/10.1117/12.139983

Neural network approach to the computation of visual algorithms
Psarrou, A. and Buxton, H. 1989. Neural network approach to the computation of visual algorithms. First IEE International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks. London, UK 16 - 18 Oct 1989 IEEE .