Respiratory and non-respiratory sinus arrhythmia: implications for heart rate variability

McMullen, M.K., Whitehouse, J., Towell, A. and Rhodes, G. 2012. Respiratory and non-respiratory sinus arrhythmia: implications for heart rate variability. Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing. 26 (1), pp. 21-28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10877-011-9327-8

TitleRespiratory and non-respiratory sinus arrhythmia: implications for heart rate variability
TypeJournal article
AuthorsMcMullen, M.K., Whitehouse, J., Towell, A. and Rhodes, G.
Abstract

The quantity of blood arriving at the left side of
the heart oscillates throughout the breathing cycle due to the mechanics of breathing. Neurally regulated fluctuations in the length of the heart period act to dampen oscillations of the left ventricular stroke volume entering the aorta. We have reported that stroke volume oscillations but not spectral frequency variability stroke volume measures can be used to estimate the breathing frequency. This study investigated with the same recordings whether heart period oscillations or spectral heart rate variability measures could function as estimators of breathing frequency. Continuous 270 s cardiovascular recordings were obtained from 22 healthy adult volunteers in the supine and upright postures. Breathing was recorded simultaneously. Breathing frequency and heart period oscillation frequency were calculated manually, while heart rate variability spectral maximums were obtained using heart rate variability software.
These estimates were compared to the breathing
frequency using the Bland–Altman agreement procedure.
Estimates were required to be \±10% (95% levels of
agreement). The 95% levels of agreement measures for the
heart period oscillation frequency (supine: -27.7 to 52.0%, upright: -37.8 to 45.9%) and the heart rate variability spectral maximum estimates (supine: -48.7 to 26.5% and -56.4 to 62.7%, upright: -37.8 to 39.3%) exceeded 10%. Multiple heart period oscillations were observed to occur during breathing cycles. Both respiratory and non-respiratory sinus arrhythmia was observed amongst healthy adults. This observation at least partly explains why heart period parameters and heart rate variability parameters are not reliable estimators of breathing frequency. In determining
the validity of spectral heart rate variability measurements we suggest that it is the position of the spectral peaks and not the breathing

KeywordsHeart period, Heart rate, Heart rate variability, Breathing frequency, Respiratory sinus arrhythmia
JournalJournal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing
Journal citation26 (1), pp. 21-28
ISSN1573-2614
1387-1307
Year2012
PublisherSpringer
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1007/s10877-011-9327-8
Web address (URL)http://www.controlled-trials.com/ISRCTN11339389/mcmullen
Publication dates
PublishedFeb 2012
Published25 Dec 2011

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