Inhibition of neutrophil and monocyte recruitment by endogenous and exogenous lipocortin 1

Getting, S.J., Flower, R.J. and Perretti, M. 1997. Inhibition of neutrophil and monocyte recruitment by endogenous and exogenous lipocortin 1. British Journal of Pharmacology. 120 (6), pp. 1075-1082. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjp.0701029

TitleInhibition of neutrophil and monocyte recruitment by endogenous and exogenous lipocortin 1
AuthorsGetting, S.J., Flower, R.J. and Perretti, M.
Abstract

The role played by endogenous lipocortin 1 in the anti-migratory action exerted by dexamethasone (Dex) on monocyte recruitment in an in vivo model of acute inflammation was investigated by use of several neutralizing polyclonal antibodies raised against lipocortin 1 or a lipocortin 1-derived N-terminus peptide (peptide Ac2-26). The efficacy of peptide Ac2-26 in inhibiting monocyte and polymorphonuclear leucocyte (PMN) recruitment was also tested.

Intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of zymosan A (1 mg) produced a time-dependent cell accumulation into mouse peritoneal cavities which followed a typical profile of acute inflammation: PMN influx was maximal at 4 h post-zymosan (between 15 and 20×106 cells per mouse), and this was followed by an accumulation of monocytes which peaked at the 24 h time-point (between 10 and 15×106 cells per mouse).

Dex administration to mice reduced zymosan-induced 4 h PMN infiltration and 24 h monocyte accumulation with similar efficacy: approximately 50% of inhibition of recruitment of both cell types was achieved at the dose of 30 μg per mouse (∼1 mg kg−1, subcutaneously (s.c.)). Maximal inhibitions of 64% and 67% on PMN and monocyte recruitment, respectively, were measured after a dose of 100 μg per mouse (∼3 mg kg−1, s.c.).

Dex (30 μg s.c.) inhibited monocyte (53%) and PMN (69%) accumulation in response to zymosan application in mice which had been treated with a non-immune sheep serum (50 μl s.c.). In contrast, the steroid was no longer active in reducing cell accumulation in mice which had been passively immunized against full length human recombinant lipocortin 1 (serum LCS3), or against lipocortin 1 N-terminus peptide.

Treatment of mice with vinblastine (1 mg kg−1, intravenously (i.v.)) produced a remarkable leucopenia as assessed 24 h after administration. This was accompanied by a 60% reduction in 4 h-PMN influx, and by a 27% reduction in 24 h-monocyte accumulation, measured after zymosan administration. The inhibitory effect of Dex on monocyte recruitment was not significantly modified in vinblastine-treated mice, with 36% and 57% of inhibition calculated at the dose of 30 μg Dex, and 70% and 60% of inhibition at 100 μg Dex, in vehicle- and vinblastine-treated mice, respectively.

Treatment of mice with peptide Ac2-26 dose-dependently attenuated PMN influx at 4 h post-zymosan with a significant effect at 100 μg per mouse (45% of inhibition, n=9, P<0.05) and a maximal effect of 61% inhibition at the highest dose tested of 200 μg s.c. (n=14, P<0.05). No effect of peptide Ac2-26 (200 μg s.c.) was seen on zymosan-induced 24 h monocyte recruitment. In contrast, administration of 200 μg peptide Ac2-26 every 6 h was effective in reducing the number of monocytes harvested from the inflamed peritoneal cavities at 24 h post-zymosan: 9.40±0.58×106 monocytes per mouse (n=13) and 5.74±0.34 monocytes per mouse (n=14) in vehicle- and peptide Ac2-26-treated mice, respectively (P<0.05).

Finally, peptide Ac2-26 produced a concentration-dependent inhibition of the rate of phagocytosis of mouse resident peritoneal macrophages as measured by flow cytometry, with a maximal reduction of 34% at the highest concentration tested of 100 μg ml−1 (n=8 experiments performed in duplicate; P<0.05).

In conclusion, this study suggests that in vivo monocyte recruitment during acute inflammation is, at least in part, under the negative modulatory control of endogenous lipocortin 1 (as seen after administration of Dex by using the specific antisera) and exogenous lipocortin 1 mimetics (as observed with peptide Ac2-26). In addition to the neutrophil, we can now propose that the monocyte also can be a target for the in vivo anti-inflammatory action of lipocortin 1.

JournalBritish Journal of Pharmacology
Journal citation120 (6), pp. 1075-1082
ISSN0007-1188
YearMar 1997
PublisherNature Publishing Group
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjp.0701029
Publication dates
PublishedMar 1997

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Parker, E., Qusous, A., Getting, S.J., Hucklebridge, F. and Kerrigan, M.J.P. 2010. Cartilage and macrophages: evidence for a paracrine loop. Poster no. 278. Combined Meeting of Orthopaedic Research Societies. Kyoto, Japan

Tamoxifen: chondroprotective effects post-mechanical trauma
Parker, E., Peetroons, C., Getting, S.J., Hucklebridge, F. and Kerrigan, M.J.P. 2010. Tamoxifen: chondroprotective effects post-mechanical trauma. Physiological Society Meeting 21. University of Durham

REV5901: chondroprotective effects post mechanical trauma
Parker, E., Noureen, S., Getting, S.J., Vleck, V.E., Hucklebridge, F. and Kerrigan, M.J.P. 2010. REV5901: chondroprotective effects post mechanical trauma. Physiological Society Meeting 19. University of Manchester

The effects of REV5901 on chondrocyte viability following mechanical trauma
Parker, E., Getting, S.J., Hucklebridge, F., Vleck, V.E. and Kerrigan, M.J.P. 2010. The effects of REV5901 on chondrocyte viability following mechanical trauma. British Orthopaedic Research Society Annual Meeting. Newcastle upon Tyne 22 - 23 Jun 2009 Wiley.

Diurnal inflammatory cytokine changes post-exercise. Poster no. 319
Parker, E., Getting, S.J., Hucklebridge, F. and Kerrigan, M.J.P. 2010. Diurnal inflammatory cytokine changes post-exercise. Poster no. 319. Combined Meeting of Orthopaedic Research Societies. Kyoto, Japan

Knee forces and inflammation: the effects of foot strike patterns and footwear
Parker, E., Domah, S., Getting, S.J., Vleck, V.E., Hucklebridge, F. and Kerrigan, M.J.P. 2010. Knee forces and inflammation: the effects of foot strike patterns and footwear. Physiological Society Meeting 19. University of Manchester

Chondroitin and glucosamine supplementation results in increased chondrocyte viability post mechanical trauma in vitro
Parker, E., Begum, N., Wunderlich, C., Ravichandran, N., Getting, S.J., Vleck, V.E., Hucklebridge, F. and Kerrigan, M.J.P. 2010. Chondroitin and glucosamine supplementation results in increased chondrocyte viability post mechanical trauma in vitro. Physiological Society Meeting 19. University of Manchester

REV5901: the protective effect on bovine articular chondrocytes following single impact trauma
Nedelcheva, Y., Getting, S.J. and Kerrigan, M.J.P. 2010. REV5901: the protective effect on bovine articular chondrocytes following single impact trauma. Physiological Society Meeting 19. University of Manchester

REV5901: an investigation on the chondroprotective effect in bovine chondrocytes following single impact trauma
Nedelcheva, Y., Getting, S.J. and Kerrigan, M.J.P. 2010. REV5901: an investigation on the chondroprotective effect in bovine chondrocytes following single impact trauma. Physiological Society Meeting 21. University of Durham

α-MSH and dTRP8-γ-MSH inhibit TNF-α induced MMP 1 and 13 expression in human C20/A4 chondrocytes
Kaneva, M., Locke, I.C., Kerrigan, M.J.P. and Getting, S.J. 2010. α-MSH and dTRP8-γ-MSH inhibit TNF-α induced MMP 1 and 13 expression in human C20/A4 chondrocytes. British Pharmacological Society Winter Meeting 2010. London, UK 14th-16th December 2010

Melanocortin peptides modulate pro-inflammatory mediator release from TNF-a stimulated C-20/A4 cells
Kaneva, M., Kerrigan, M.J.P., Locke, I.C. and Getting, S.J. 2010. Melanocortin peptides modulate pro-inflammatory mediator release from TNF-a stimulated C-20/A4 cells. British Orthopaedic Research Society Annual Meeting. Newcastle upon Tyne 22 - 23 Jun 2009 Wiley. pp. PO136

The MC3 agonist dTRP8-γ-MSH inhibits IL-6 and IL-8 release from TNF-α stimulated C-20/A4 chondrocytes, an effect blocked by the MC3R antagonist SHU9119
Kaneva, M., Kerrigan, M.J.P., Locke, I.C. and Getting, S.J. 2010. The MC3 agonist dTRP8-γ-MSH inhibits IL-6 and IL-8 release from TNF-α stimulated C-20/A4 chondrocytes, an effect blocked by the MC3R antagonist SHU9119. Physiology 2010. University of Manchester 30 June - 2 July 2010

Testicular LH-stimulated testosterone production is inhibited by activation of melanocortin 3 receptors (MC3)
Akindele, K., Horanin, M.M., Getting, S.J., Smith, C.L. and Murray, J.F. 2010. Testicular LH-stimulated testosterone production is inhibited by activation of melanocortin 3 receptors (MC3). Society for Reproduction and Fertility. Sutton Bonnington 11th - 13th July 2010

Anti-inflammatory and antiosteoclastogenesis propertiesof endogenous melanocortin receptor type 3 inexperimental arthritis
Patel, H.B., Bombardieri, M., Sampaio, A.L.F., D'Acquisto, F., Gray, M., Grieco, P., Getting, S.J., Pitzalis, C. and Perretti, M. 2010. Anti-inflammatory and antiosteoclastogenesis propertiesof endogenous melanocortin receptor type 3 inexperimental arthritis. FASEB Journal. 24 (12), pp. 4835-4843. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.10-167759

Cromoglycate drugs suppress eicosanoid generation in U937 cells by promoting the release of Anx-A1
Yazid, S., Solito, E., Christian, H.C., McArthur, S., Goulding, N. and Flower, R.J. 2009. Cromoglycate drugs suppress eicosanoid generation in U937 cells by promoting the release of Anx-A1. Biochemical Pharmacology. 77 (12), pp. 1814-1826. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2009.03.010

Pro-inflammatory mediator release from TNF-α stimulated C-20/A4 cells results in Col II degradation
Kaneva, M., Kerrigan, M.J.P., Locke, I.C. and Getting, S.J. 2009. Pro-inflammatory mediator release from TNF-α stimulated C-20/A4 cells results in Col II degradation. British Orthopaedic Research Society (BORS) Annual Meeting. Newcastle 22nd - 23rd June 2009

Characterisation of cystathionine gamma-lyase/hydrogen sulphide pathway in ischaemia/reperfusion injury of the mouse kidney: an in vivo study
Tripatara, P., Patel, N.S.A., Brancaleone, V., Renshaw, D., Rocha, J., Sepodes, B., Mota-Filipe, H., Perretti, M. and Thiemermann, C. 2009. Characterisation of cystathionine gamma-lyase/hydrogen sulphide pathway in ischaemia/reperfusion injury of the mouse kidney: an in vivo study. European Journal of Pharmacology. 606 (1-3), pp. 205-209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.01.041

The effects of REV5901 on chondrocyte viability following mechanical trauma
Parker, E., Getting, S.J., Hucklebridge, F., Vleck, V.E. and Kerrigan, M.J.P. 2009. The effects of REV5901 on chondrocyte viability following mechanical trauma. pA2 Online. From the Queen Elizabeth II Conference Centre London, Winter 2009 Meeting: Proceedings of the British Pharmacological Society. 7 (4), p. P0149. https://doi.org/http://www.pa2online.org/abstracts/Vol7Issue4abst127P.pdf

Annexin A1 regulates hormone exocytosis through a mechanism involving actin reorganization
McArthur, S., Yazid, S., Christian, H.C., Sirha, R., Flower, R.J., Buckingham, J.C. and Solito, E. 2009. Annexin A1 regulates hormone exocytosis through a mechanism involving actin reorganization. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. 23 (11), pp. 4000-4010. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.09-131391

Melanocortin peptides modulate pro-inflammatory mediator release from TNF-a stimulated C-20/A4 cells
Kaneva, M., Kerrigan, M.J.P., Locke, I.C. and Getting, S.J. 2009. Melanocortin peptides modulate pro-inflammatory mediator release from TNF-a stimulated C-20/A4 cells. pA2 Online. From the Queen Elizabeth II Conference Centre London, Winter 2009 Meeting: Proceedings of the British Pharmacological Society.

Molecular characterization of the melanocortin 3 receptor in the testes of mice
Horanin, M.M., Akindele, K., Getting, S.J., Smith, C.L. and Murray, J.F. 2009. Molecular characterization of the melanocortin 3 receptor in the testes of mice. pA2 Online. From the Queen Elizabeth II Conference Centre London, Winter 2009 Meeting: Proceedings of the British Pharmacological Society. 7 (4). https://doi.org/http://www.pa2online.org/abstracts/Vol7Issue4abst089P.pdf

Melanocortin peptide therapy for the treatment of arthritic pathologies
Getting, S.J., Kaneva, M., Bhadresa, Y., Renshaw, D., Leoni, G., Patel, H.B., Kerrigan, M.J.P. and Locke, I.C. 2009. Melanocortin peptide therapy for the treatment of arthritic pathologies. The Scientific World Journal. 9, pp. 1394-1414. https://doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2009.163

Inflamed phenotype of the mesenteric microcirculation of melanocortin type 3 receptor-null mice after ischemia-reperfusion
Leoni, G., Patel, H.B., Sampaio, A.L.F., Gavins, F.N.E., Murray, J.F., Grieco, P., Getting, S.J. and Perretti, M. 2008. Inflamed phenotype of the mesenteric microcirculation of melanocortin type 3 receptor-null mice after ischemia-reperfusion. FASEB Journal. 22 (12), pp. 4228-4238. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.08-113886

A role for MC3R in modulating lung inflammation
Getting, S.J., Riffo-Vasquez, Y., Pitchford, S., Kaneva, M., Grieco, P., Page, C.P., Perretti, M. and Spina, D. 2008. A role for MC3R in modulating lung inflammation. Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 21 (6), pp. 866-873. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pupt.2008.09.004

Mineral magnetic signatures in a long core from Lake Qarun, Middle Egypt
Foster, I.D.L., Oldfield, F., Flower, R.J. and Keatings, K. 2008. Mineral magnetic signatures in a long core from Lake Qarun, Middle Egypt. Journal of Paleolimnology. 40 (3), pp. 835-849. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10933-008-9202-x

Annexin 1 mediates the rapid anti-inflammatory effects of neutrophil-derived microparticles
Dalli, J., Norling, L.V., Renshaw, D., Cooper, D., Leung Kit-Y and Perretti, M. 2008. Annexin 1 mediates the rapid anti-inflammatory effects of neutrophil-derived microparticles. Blood. 112 (6), pp. 2512-2519. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2008-02-140533

Melanocortin 3 receptor in the testes of mice
Yogarajah, S., Lynch, S., Smith, C.L., Getting, S.J., Perretti, M. and Murray, J.F. 2008. Melanocortin 3 receptor in the testes of mice. Society for Reproduction and Fertility. Edinburgh 29 Jun - 01 Jul 2008 pp. Abstract P80

Melanocortin 3 receptor in the testes of mice
Wotherspoon, G., Yogarajah, S., Lynch, S., Smith, C.L., Getting, S.J., Perretti, M. and Murray, J.F. 2008. Melanocortin 3 receptor in the testes of mice. pA2 Online. From the University of Brighton, Winter 2008 Meeting: Proceedings of the British Pharmacological Society. 6 (4), p. P008.

Asymmetric dimethylarginine negatively influences osteoblast differentiation in vitro
Stenbeck, G., Joseph, J., Getting, S.J. and Smith, C.L. 2008. Asymmetric dimethylarginine negatively influences osteoblast differentiation in vitro. pA2 Online. From the University of Brighton, Winter 2008 Meeting: Proceedings of the British Pharmacological Society. 6 (4), p. C041.

The role of the actin cytoskeleton in chondrocyte protection following single impact
Nedelcheva, Y., Getting, S.J. and Kerrigan, M.J.P. 2008. The role of the actin cytoskeleton in chondrocyte protection following single impact. pA2 Online. From the University of Brighton, Winter 2008 Meeting: Proceedings of the British Pharmacological Society. 6 (4). https://doi.org/http://www.pa2online.org/abstracts/Vol6Issue4abst148P.pdf

Tonic inhibitory control of the mesenteric microcirculation by the melanocortin type 3 receptor
Leoni, G., Patel, H.B., Sampaio, A.L.F., Gavins, F.N.E., Getting, S.J. and Perretti, M. 2008. Tonic inhibitory control of the mesenteric microcirculation by the melanocortin type 3 receptor. Journal of Vascular Research. 45 (Suppl2).

Inhibitory role of endogenous melanocortin type 3 receptor in the inflamed microcirculation
Leoni, G., Patel, H.B., Sampaio, A.L.F., Gavins, F.N.E., Getting, S.J. and Perretti, M. 2008. Inhibitory role of endogenous melanocortin type 3 receptor in the inflamed microcirculation. William Harvey Day. St. Barts Hospital, London 14th October 2008

A role for melanocortin peptides in modulating oxidative stress induced inflammation in A549 cells
Getting, S.J., Kaneva, M. and Kerrigan, M.J.P. 2008. A role for melanocortin peptides in modulating oxidative stress induced inflammation in A549 cells. pA2 Online. From the University of Brighton, Winter 2008 Meeting: Proceedings of the British Pharmacological Society. 6 (4), p. C020.

Melanocortins
Getting, S.J. 2008. Melanocortins. in: Offermanns, S. and Rosenthal, W. (ed.) Encyclopedia of molecular pharmacology. 2nd edition Berlin Springer. pp. 752-757

The effect of prolonged hypotonicity on chondrocyte volume regulation and intracellular calcium signalling
Ali, N., Getting, S.J. and Kerrigan, M.J.P. 2008. The effect of prolonged hypotonicity on chondrocyte volume regulation and intracellular calcium signalling. pA2 Online. From the University of Brighton, Winter 2008 Meeting: Proceedings of the British Pharmacological Society. 6 (4). https://doi.org/http://www.pa2online.org/abstracts/Vol6Issue4abst092P.pdf

Therapeutic exploitation of endogenous anti-inflammatory mechanisms: old and new leads
Renshaw, D., Urquhart, P. and Perretti, M. 2007. Therapeutic exploitation of endogenous anti-inflammatory mechanisms: old and new leads. Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry. 5 (4), pp. 289-305. https://doi.org/10.2174/187152306778772838

Endogenous MC3R and inhibition of inflammatory arthritis. PC112
Patel, H.B., Sampaio, A.L.F., Getting, S.J., Gray, M. and Perretti, M. 2007. Endogenous MC3R and inhibition of inflammatory arthritis. PC112. Life Sciences. Glasgow 8th - 12th July 2007

Crucial role for endogenous melanocortin type 3 receptor in mesenteric post-reperfusion injury. PC106
Leoni, G., Getting, S.J., Gavins, F.N.E. and Perretti, M. 2007. Crucial role for endogenous melanocortin type 3 receptor in mesenteric post-reperfusion injury. PC106. Life Sciences. Glasgow 8th - 12th July 2007

Glucocorticoid and melanocortins: special issue
Getting, S.J. 2007. Glucocorticoid and melanocortins: special issue. ScientificWorldJournal. 7, pp. 1463-1464. https://doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2007.93

[D -Trp8]-γ -melanocyte -stimulating hormone exhibits anti-inflammatory efficacy in mice bearing a nonfunctional MC1 R(Recessive Yellow e/e Mouse)
Getting, S.J., Lam, C.W., Leoni, G., Gavins, F.N.E., Grieco, P. and Perretti, M. 2006. [D -Trp8]-γ -melanocyte -stimulating hormone exhibits anti-inflammatory efficacy in mice bearing a nonfunctional MC1 R(Recessive Yellow e/e Mouse). Molecular Pharmacology. 70 (6), pp. 1850-1855. https://doi.org/10.1124/mol.106.028878

Annexin 1 and melanocortin peptide therapy for protection against ischaemic-reperfusion damage in the heart
Gavins, F.N.E., Leoni, G. and Getting, S.J. 2006. Annexin 1 and melanocortin peptide therapy for protection against ischaemic-reperfusion damage in the heart. ScientificWorldJournal. 6, pp. 1008-1023. https://doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2006.196

Targeting melanocortin receptors as potential novel therapeutics
Getting, S.J. 2006. Targeting melanocortin receptors as potential novel therapeutics. Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 111 (1), pp. 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2005.06.022

Melanocortin receptor signaling in RAW264.7 macrophage cell line
Lam, C.W., Perretti, M. and Getting, S.J. 2006. Melanocortin receptor signaling in RAW264.7 macrophage cell line. Peptides. 27 (2), pp. 404-412. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.peptides.2005.01.031

The melanocortin peptide HP228 displays protective effects in acute models of inflammation and organ damage
Getting, S.J., Di Filippo, C., D'Amico, M. and Perretti, M. 2006. The melanocortin peptide HP228 displays protective effects in acute models of inflammation and organ damage. European Journal of Pharmacology. 532 (1-2), pp. 138-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.12.023

Mode of glucocorticoid actions in airway disease
Ito, K., Getting, S.J. and Charron, C.E. 2006. Mode of glucocorticoid actions in airway disease. ScientificWorldJournal. 28 (6), pp. 1750-1769. https://doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2006.274

Melanocortin 3 receptors control crystal-induced inflammation
Getting, S.J., Lam, C.W., Chen, A.S., Grieco, P. and Perretti, M. 2006. Melanocortin 3 receptors control crystal-induced inflammation. FASEB Journal. 20 (13), pp. 2234-2241.

In vitro and in vivo induction of heme oxygenase 1 in mouse macrophages following melanocortin receptor activation
Lam, C.W., Getting, S.J. and Perretti, M. 2005. In vitro and in vivo induction of heme oxygenase 1 in mouse macrophages following melanocortin receptor activation. Journal of Immunology. 174 (4), pp. 2297-2304.

MC-3 receptor and the inflammatory mechanisms activated in acute myocardial infarct
Getting, S.J., Di Filippo, C., Christian, H.C., Lam, C.W., Rossi, F., D'Amico, M. and Perretti, M. 2004. MC-3 receptor and the inflammatory mechanisms activated in acute myocardial infarct. Journal of Leukocyte Biology. 76 (4), pp. 845-853. https://doi.org/10.1189/jlb.0306175

Inhibitory effects of TSG-6 Link module on leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions in vitro and in vivo
Cao, T.V., La, M., Getting, S.J. and Day, A.J. 2004. Inhibitory effects of TSG-6 Link module on leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions in vitro and in vivo. Microcirculation. 11 (7), pp. 615-624. https://doi.org/10.1080/10739680490503438

Investigation into the potential anti-inflammatory effects of endothelin antagonists in a murine model of experimental monosodium urate peritonitis
Getting, S.J., Di Filippo, C., Lam, C.W., Rossi, F. and D'Amico, M. 2004. Investigation into the potential anti-inflammatory effects of endothelin antagonists in a murine model of experimental monosodium urate peritonitis. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 310 (1), pp. 90-97. https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.104.065573

Modulation of inflammation and response to dexamethasone by Annexin 1 in antigen-induced arthritis
Yang, Y.H., Morand, E.F., Getting, S.J. and Paul-Clark, M. 2004. Modulation of inflammation and response to dexamethasone by Annexin 1 in antigen-induced arthritis. Arthritis & Rheumatism. 50 (3), pp. 976-984. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.20201

The annexin 1-/- mouse: phenotypic studies
Wells, D., Wells, K., Liu, K., Hannon, R., Croxtall, J.D., Damazo, A.S., Oliani, S.M., Getting, S.J., Parente, L., Paul-Clark, M., Yona, S., Gavins, F.N.E., Martin, J., Christian, H.C., Cover, P.O., John, C.D., Solito, E., Morris, J.F., Perretti, M., Buckingham, J.C. and Flower, R.J. 2004. The annexin 1-/- mouse: phenotypic studies. Annexins. 1 (2), pp. 109-120.

Activation of melanocortin receptors induces cAMP-dependent hemeoxygenase-1 expression in murine macrophages
Lam, C.W., Getting, S.J. and Perretti, M. 2004. Activation of melanocortin receptors induces cAMP-dependent hemeoxygenase-1 expression in murine macrophages. pA2 Online. Winter 2004 Meeting: Proceedings of the British Pharmacological Society.

Melanocortin receptor type 3 as a potential target for anti-inflammatory therapy
Lam, C.W. and Getting, S.J. 2004. Melanocortin receptor type 3 as a potential target for anti-inflammatory therapy. Current Drug Targets. Inflammation & Allergy. 3 (3), pp. 311-315.

Dissection of the anti-inflammatory effect of the core and C-terminal (KPV) alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone peptides
Getting, S.J., Schiöth, H.B. and Perretti, M. 2003. Dissection of the anti-inflammatory effect of the core and C-terminal (KPV) alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone peptides. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 306 (2), pp. 631-637. https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.103.051623

Redundancy of a Functional Melanocortin 1 Receptor in the Anti-inflammatory actions of melanocortin peptides: studies in the recessive yellow (e/e) mouse suggest an important role for melanocortin 3 receptor
Getting, S.J., Christian, H.C., Lam, C.W., Gavins, F.N.E., Flower, R.J., Schiöth, H.B. and Perretti, M. 2003. Redundancy of a Functional Melanocortin 1 Receptor in the Anti-inflammatory actions of melanocortin peptides: studies in the recessive yellow (e/e) mouse suggest an important role for melanocortin 3 receptor. Journal of Immunology. 170 (6), pp. 3323-3330.

Aberrant inflammation and resistance to glucocorticoids in annexin 1-/- mouse
Hannon, R., Croxtall, J.D., Getting, S.J., Roviezzo, F., Yona, S., Paul-Clark, M., Gavins, F.N.E., Perretti, M., Morris, J.F., Buckingham, J.C. and Flower, R.J. 2003. Aberrant inflammation and resistance to glucocorticoids in annexin 1-/- mouse. FASEB Journal. 17 (2), pp. 253-255. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.02-0239fje

Migration of specific leukocyte subsets in response to cytokine or chemokine application in vivo
Perretti, M. and Getting, S.J. 2003. Migration of specific leukocyte subsets in response to cytokine or chemokine application in vivo. Methods in Molecular Biology. 225, pp. 139-146. https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-374-7:139

Migration of specific leukocyte sub-sets in response to cytokine or chemokine application in vivo
Perretti, M. and Getting, S.J. 2003. Migration of specific leukocyte sub-sets in response to cytokine or chemokine application in vivo. in: Winyard, P.G. and Willoughby, D.A. (ed.) Inflammation Protocols Totowa, NJ Humana Press. pp. 139-146

The link module from human TSG-6 inhibits neutrophil migration in a hyaluronan- and inter-alpha -inhibitor-independent manner
Getting, S.J., Mahoney, D.J., Cao, T.V., Rugg, M.S., Fries, E., Milner, C.M., Perretti, M. and Day, A.J. 2002. The link module from human TSG-6 inhibits neutrophil migration in a hyaluronan- and inter-alpha -inhibitor-independent manner. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (52), pp. 51068-51076. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M205121200

The annexin-1 knockout mouse: what it tells us about the inflammatory response
Roviezzo, F., Getting, S.J., Paul-Clark, M., Yona, S., Gavins, F.N.E., Perretti, M., Hannon, R., Croxtall, J.D., Buckingham, J.C. and Flower, R.J. 2002. The annexin-1 knockout mouse: what it tells us about the inflammatory response. Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. 53 (4, part 1), pp. 541 -553.

Endogenous lipid- and peptide-derived anti-inflammatory pathways generated with glucocorticoid and aspirin treatment activate the lipoxin A4 receptor
Perretti, M., Chiang, N., La, M., Fierro, I.M., Marullo, S., Getting, S.J., Solito, E. and Serhan, C.N. 2002. Endogenous lipid- and peptide-derived anti-inflammatory pathways generated with glucocorticoid and aspirin treatment activate the lipoxin A4 receptor. Nature Medicine. 8 (11), pp. 1296-1302. https://doi.org/10.1038/nm786

Activation of melanocortin type 3 receptor as a molecular mechanism for adrenocorticotropic hormone efficacy in gouty arthritis
Getting, S.J., Christian, H.C., Flower, R.J. and Perretti, M. 2002. Activation of melanocortin type 3 receptor as a molecular mechanism for adrenocorticotropic hormone efficacy in gouty arthritis. Arthritis & Rheumatism. 46 (10), pp. 2765-2775. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.10526

Melanocortin peptides and their receptors: new targets for anti-inflammatory therapy
Getting, S.J. 2002. Melanocortin peptides and their receptors: new targets for anti-inflammatory therapy. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences. 23 (10), pp. 447-449. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-6147(02)02103-X

A novel control mechanism based on GDNF modulation of somatostatin release from sensory neurones
Malcangio, M., Getting, S.J., Grist, J., Cunningham, J.R., Bradbury, E.J., Issa, P.C., Lever, I.J., Pezet, S. and Perretti, M. 2002. A novel control mechanism based on GDNF modulation of somatostatin release from sensory neurones. FASEB Journal. 16 (7), pp. 730-732. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.01-0971fje.

Characterization of CXC and CC chemokine expression in a murine model of chronic granuloma
Carollo, M., Getting, S.J., Delaney, S., Christie, M.I. and Perretti, M. 2002. Characterization of CXC and CC chemokine expression in a murine model of chronic granuloma. Inflammation Research. 51 (2), pp. 110-111. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02684013

Involvement of the receptor for formylated peptides in the in vivo anti-migratory actions of annexin 1 and its mimetics
Perretti, M., Getting, S.J., Solito, E., Murphy, P.M. and Gao, J.L. 2001. Involvement of the receptor for formylated peptides in the in vivo anti-migratory actions of annexin 1 and its mimetics. American Journal of Pathology. 158 (6), pp. 1969-1973.

Anti-inflammatory effects of a novel, potent inhibitor of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase
Mabley, J.G., Jagtap, P., Perretti, M., Getting, S.J., Salzman, A.L., Virag, L., Szabo, E., Soriano, F.G., Liaudet, L., Hasko, G., Marton, A., Southan, G.J., Abdelkarim, G.E. and Szabo, C. 2001. Anti-inflammatory effects of a novel, potent inhibitor of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. Inflammation Research. 50 (11), pp. 561-569. https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00000234

Arthritic diseases: melanocortin type 3 receptor agonists as potential therapeutics
Getting, S.J. and Perretti, M. 2001. Arthritic diseases: melanocortin type 3 receptor agonists as potential therapeutics. Current Opinion in Investigational Drugs. 2 (8), pp. 1064-1069.

Natural and synthetic agonists of the melanocortin receptor type 3 possess anti-inflammatory properties
Getting, S.J., Allcock, G.H., Flower, R.J. and Perretti, M. 2001. Natural and synthetic agonists of the melanocortin receptor type 3 possess anti-inflammatory properties. Journal of Leukocyte Biology. 69 (1), pp. 98-104.

MC3-R as a novel target for anti-inflammatory therapy
Getting, S.J. and Perretti, M. 2000. MC3-R as a novel target for anti-inflammatory therapy. Drug News & Perspectives. 13 (1), pp. 19-27.

POMC gene-derived peptides activate melanocortin type 3 receptor on murine macrophages, suppress cytokine release, and inhibit neutrophil migration in acute experimental inflammation
Getting, S.J., Gibbs, L., Clark, A.J.L., Flower, R.J. and Perretti, M. 1999. POMC gene-derived peptides activate melanocortin type 3 receptor on murine macrophages, suppress cytokine release, and inhibit neutrophil migration in acute experimental inflammation. Journal of Immunology. 162 (12), pp. 7446-7453.

Compounds for use in the treatment of inflammation
Flower, R.J., Getting, S.J. and Perretti, M. 1998. Compounds for use in the treatment of inflammation.

Inhibition of poly (ADP-ribose) synthetase attenuates neutrophil recruitment and exerts anti-inflammatory effects
Szabo, C., Lim, L.H.K., Cuzzocrea, S., Getting, S.J., Zingarelli, B., Flower, R.J., Salzman, A.L. and Perretti, M. 1997. Inhibition of poly (ADP-ribose) synthetase attenuates neutrophil recruitment and exerts anti-inflammatory effects. Journal of experimental medicine. 186 (7), pp. 1041-1049. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.186.7.1041

Molecular determinants of monosodium urate crystal-induced murine peritonitis: a role for endogenous mast cells and a distinct requirement for endothelial-derived selectins
Getting, S.J., Flower, R.J., Parente, L., de Medicis, R., Lussier, A., Woliztky, B.A., Martins, M.A. and Perretti, M. 1997. Molecular determinants of monosodium urate crystal-induced murine peritonitis: a role for endogenous mast cells and a distinct requirement for endothelial-derived selectins. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 283 (1), pp. 123-130.

Sub-acute treatment of rats with dexamethasone reduces ICAM-1 levels on circulating monocytes
Tailor, A., Das, A.M., Getting, S.J., Flower, R.J. and Perretti, M. 1997. Sub-acute treatment of rats with dexamethasone reduces ICAM-1 levels on circulating monocytes. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 231 (3), pp. 675-678. https://doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.1997.6168

Biphasic modulation of GABA release by nitric oxide in the hippocampus of freely moving rats in vivo
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Nitric oxide regulates excitatory amino acid release in a biphasic manner in freely moving rats
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Effect of nitric oxide on basal and NMDA-evoked release of glutamate and aspartate release in vivo
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