Attenuation of plasma annexin A1 in human obesity

Kosicka, A., Cunliffe, AD., MacKenzie, R., Zariwala, M., Perretti, M., Flower, R.J. and Renshaw, D. 2013. Attenuation of plasma annexin A1 in human obesity. FASEB Journal. 27 (1), pp. 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.12-213728

TitleAttenuation of plasma annexin A1 in human obesity
AuthorsKosicka, A., Cunliffe, AD., MacKenzie, R., Zariwala, M., Perretti, M., Flower, R.J. and Renshaw, D.
Abstract

Obesity-related metabolic disorders are characterized by mild chronic inflammation, leukocyte infiltration, and tissue fibrosis as a result of adipocytokine production from the expanding white adipose tissue.
Annexin A1 (AnxA1) is an endogenous glucocorticoid
regulated protein, which modulates systemic anti-inflammatory processes and, therefore, may be altered with increasing adiposity in humans. Paradoxically, we found that plasma AnxA1 concentrations inversely correlated with BMI, total percentage body fat, and waist-to-hip ratio in human subjects. Plasma AnxA1 was also inversely correlated with plasma concentrations of the acute-phase protein, C-reactive protein (CRP), and the adipocytokine leptin, suggesting that as systemic inflammation increases,anti-inflammatory AnxA1 is reduced. In addition, AnxA1 gene expression and protein were significantly up-regulated during adipogenesis in a human adipocyte cell line compared to vehicle alone, demonstrating for the first time that AnxA1 is expressed and excreted from human adipocytes. These data demonstrate a failure in the endogenous anti-inflammatory system to respond to increasing systemic inflammation resulting from expanding adipose tissue, a condition strongly linked to the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
These data raise the possibility that a reduction in
plasma AnxA1 may contribute to the chronic inflammatory
phenotype observed in human obesity.

Keywordsanti-inflammatory
adipocytes
adipocytokines
SGBS cells
inflammation
JournalFASEB Journal
Journal citation27 (1), pp. 1-11
ISSN0892-6638
Year2013
PublisherFederation of American Societies for Experimental Biology
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.12-213728
Publication dates
Published online04 Oct 2012
Published in printJan 2013
Published04 Oct 2012

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Gulrez Zariwala, M., Elsaid, N., Jackson, T.L., Corral López, F., Farnaud, S., Somavarapu, S. and Renshaw, D. 2013. A novel approach to oral iron delivery using ferrous sulphate loaded solid lipid nanoparticles. International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 456 (2), pp. 400-407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.08.070

Ligand-specific conformational change of the G-protein-coupled receptor ALX/FPR2 determines proresolving functional responses
Cooray, S.N., Gobbetti, T., Montero-Melendez, T., McArthur, S., Thompson, D., Clark, A.J.L., Flower, R.J. and Perretti, M. 2013. Ligand-specific conformational change of the G-protein-coupled receptor ALX/FPR2 determines proresolving functional responses. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 110 (45), pp. 18232-18237. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1308253110

Macronutrient regulation of PYY and DPPIV in human intestinal epithelial cells
Zariwala, M., Kosicka, A. and Renshaw, D. 2013. Macronutrient regulation of PYY and DPPIV in human intestinal epithelial cells. ENDO 2013: The Endocrine Society’s 95th Annual Meeting. San Francisco, USA 15 - 18 Jun 2013

Preparation and Characterisation of Solid Lipid Particles for Oral Iron Delivery
Zariwala, M., Farnaud, S., Somavarapu, S. and Renshaw, D. 2013. Preparation and Characterisation of Solid Lipid Particles for Oral Iron Delivery. Fifth Congress of the International BioIron Society (IBIS), Biennial World Meeting. University College London 14 - 18 Apr 2013 Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajh.23453

Hepcidin transcription and peptide secretion are governed by different regulatory mechanisms
Mehta, K., Patel, V., Busbridge, M., Renshaw, D., Zariwala, M., Evans, R. and Farnaud, S. 2013. Hepcidin transcription and peptide secretion are governed by different regulatory mechanisms. Fifth Congress of the International BioIron Society (IBIS), Biennial World Meeting. University College London 14 - 18 Apr 2013 Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajh.23453

Comparison Study of Oral Iron Preparations Using a Human Intestinal Model
Zariwala, M., Somavarapu, S., Farnaud, S. and Renshaw, D. 2013. Comparison Study of Oral Iron Preparations Using a Human Intestinal Model. Scientia Pharmaceutica. 81 (4), pp. 1123-1139. https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.1304-03

Hepcidin transcription and peptide secretion are governed by different regulatory mechanisms
Mehta, K., Patel, V., Busbridge Mark, Renshaw, D., Zariwala, M.G., Evans, R. and Farnaud, S. 2013. Hepcidin transcription and peptide secretion are governed by different regulatory mechanisms. American Journal of Hematology. 88, p. E55.

Chemerin15 inhibits neutrophil-mediated vascular inflammation and myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury through ChemR23
Cash, J.L., Bena, S., Headland, S.E., McArthur, S., Brancaleone, V. and Perretti, M. 2013. Chemerin15 inhibits neutrophil-mediated vascular inflammation and myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury through ChemR23. EMBO reports. 14 (11), pp. 999-1007. https://doi.org/10.1038/embor.2013.138

Annexin-A1 protein and its relationship to cortisol in human saliva
Fowkes, R.C., Moradi-Bidhendi, N., Branceleone, V., Gulrez Zariwala, M., Brady, D., Jessop, D.S., Perretti, M., Renshaw, D. and Brancaleone, V. 2013. Annexin-A1 protein and its relationship to cortisol in human saliva. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 38 (5), pp. 722-727. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.08.003

Increased transferrin-bound iron uptake in HepG2 cells is followed by an increase in expression of the iron hormone hepcidin pre-and post-translationally
Mehta, K., Patel, V., Busbridge Mark, Renshaw, D., Zariwala, M., Evans, R. and Farnaud, S. 2012. Increased transferrin-bound iron uptake in HepG2 cells is followed by an increase in expression of the iron hormone hepcidin pre-and post-translationally. European Iron Club Annual Meeting 2012. Rennes, France 29 - 31 Aug 2012

Comparison of iron absorption from iron supplement preparations using an in vitro Caco-2 model
Zariwala, M., Farnaud, S. and Renshaw, D. 2012. Comparison of iron absorption from iron supplement preparations using an in vitro Caco-2 model. European Iron Club Annual Meeting 2012. Rennes, France 29 - 31 Aug 2012

DPPIV and macronutrients regulate the expression of PYY3–36 in human gut epithelial cells
Kosicka, A., Renshaw, D. and Zariwala, M. 2012. DPPIV and macronutrients regulate the expression of PYY3–36 in human gut epithelial cells. Society for Endocrinology BES 2012. Harrogate, UK Mar - Apr 2012 BioScientifica Ltd.. https://doi.org/10.1530/endoabs.31.P197

Ac 2-26, an annexin A1-derived peptide, reduces inflammation in human SGBS adipocytes after hypoxia treatment
Kosicka-Knox, A., Cunliffe, A., Mackenzie, R., Zariwala, M. and Renshaw, D. 2012. Ac 2-26, an annexin A1-derived peptide, reduces inflammation in human SGBS adipocytes after hypoxia treatment. 15th International & 14th European Congress of Endocrinology. Florence, Italy 05 - 09 May 2012 BioScientifica Ltd..

Annexin A1, an anti-inflammatory regulator, is expressed in human adipocytes
Kosicka-Knox, A., Cunliffe, A., Mackenzie, R., Zariwala, M. and Renshaw, D. 2012. Annexin A1, an anti-inflammatory regulator, is expressed in human adipocytes. Society for Endocrinology BES 2012. Harrogate, UK Mar - Apr 2012

Adipocyte pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 expression is associated with augmented PPARγ upregulation in early-life programming of later obesity
Holness, M.J., Zariwala, M., Walker, C.G. and Sugden, M.C. 2012. Adipocyte pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 expression is associated with augmented PPARγ upregulation in early-life programming of later obesity. FEBS Open Bio. 2, pp. 32-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fob.2012.02.003

Intermittent exercise with and without hypoxia improves insulin sensitivity in individuals with type 2 diabetes
MacKenzie, R., Maxwell, N.S., Castle, P.C., Elliott, B., Brickley, G. and Watt, P.W. 2012. Intermittent exercise with and without hypoxia improves insulin sensitivity in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 97 (4), pp. 46-55. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2011-2829

The central role of myostatin in skeletal muscle and whole body homeostasis
Elliott, B., Renshaw, D., Getting, S.J. and MacKenzie, R. 2012. The central role of myostatin in skeletal muscle and whole body homeostasis. Acta Physiologica. 205 (3), pp. 324-40. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1716.2012.02423.x

Annexin A1 N-terminal derived Peptide ac2-26 exerts chemokinetic effects on human neutrophils
Dalli, J., Montero-Melendez, T., McArthur, S. and Perretti, M. 2012. Annexin A1 N-terminal derived Peptide ac2-26 exerts chemokinetic effects on human neutrophils. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 3 28. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2012.00028

Targeting the melanocortin receptor system for anti-stroke therapy
Holloway, P.M., Smith, H.K., Renshaw, D., Flower, R.J., Getting, S.J. and Gavins, F.N.E. 2011. Targeting the melanocortin receptor system for anti-stroke therapy. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences. 32 (2), pp. 90-98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tips.2010.11.010

Total pituitary hormone content in wild type and MC3 null male and female mice
Dowejko, M.M., Smith, C.L., Getting, S.J., Perretti, M., Le Tissier, P. and Murray, J.F. 2011. Total pituitary hormone content in wild type and MC3 null male and female mice. British Society for Neuroendocrinology. Cambridge 3rd - 5th July 2011

Comparison between the total pituitary hormone content in wild type and melanocortin 3 receptor (MC3) null male and female mice
Dowejko, M.M., Smith, C.L., Getting, S.J., Perretti, M., Le Tissier, P. and Murray, J.F. 2011. Comparison between the total pituitary hormone content in wild type and melanocortin 3 receptor (MC3) null male and female mice. Society for Reproduction and Fertility. Brighton 11th - 13th July 2011

Antiallergic cromones inhibit neutrophil recruitment onto vascular endothelium via Annexin-A1 mobilization
Yazid, S., Leoni, G., Getting, S.J., Cooper, D., Solito, E., Perretti, M. and Flower, R.J. 2010. Antiallergic cromones inhibit neutrophil recruitment onto vascular endothelium via Annexin-A1 mobilization. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 30 (9), pp. 1718-1724. https://doi.org/10.1161/ATVBAHA.110.209536

The melanocortin MC1 receptor agonist BMS-470539 inhibits leucocyte trafficking in the inflamed vasculature
Leoni, G., Voisin, M.B., Carlson, K., Getting, S.J., Nourshargh, S. and Perretti, M. 2010. The melanocortin MC1 receptor agonist BMS-470539 inhibits leucocyte trafficking in the inflamed vasculature. British Journal of Pharmacology. 160 (1), pp. 171-180. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00688.x

Saliva: physiology and diagnostic potential in health and disease
Farnaud, S., Kosti, O., Getting, S.J. and Renshaw, D. 2010. Saliva: physiology and diagnostic potential in health and disease. ScientificWorldJournal. 10, pp. 434-456. https://doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2010.38

Changes in adipocyte circadian clock function via SRT1 and AMPK in programmed obesity
Caton, P.W., Zariwala, M., Holness, M.J. and Sugden, M.C. 2010. Changes in adipocyte circadian clock function via SRT1 and AMPK in programmed obesity. Diabetic Medicine. 27 (S1), pp. 1-36. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-5491.2009.02935.x

Anti-allergic drugs and the Annexin-A1 system
Yazid, S., Ayoub, S.S., Solito, E., McArthur, S., Vo, P., Dufton, N. and Flower, R.J. 2010. Anti-allergic drugs and the Annexin-A1 system. Pharmacological reports. 62 (3), pp. 511-517. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1734-1140(10)70307-8

Downstream gene activation of the receptor ALX by the agonist Annexin A1
Renshaw, D., Montero-Melendez, T., Dalli, J., Kamal, A., Brancaleone, V., D'Acquisto, F., Cirino, G. and Perretti, M. 2010. Downstream gene activation of the receptor ALX by the agonist Annexin A1. PLoS ONE. 5 (9) e12771. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0012771

Anti-inflammatory and antiosteoclastogenesis propertiesof endogenous melanocortin receptor type 3 inexperimental arthritis
Patel, H.B., Bombardieri, M., Sampaio, A.L.F., D'Acquisto, F., Gray, M., Grieco, P., Getting, S.J., Pitzalis, C. and Perretti, M. 2010. Anti-inflammatory and antiosteoclastogenesis propertiesof endogenous melanocortin receptor type 3 inexperimental arthritis. FASEB Journal. 24 (12), pp. 4835-4843. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.10-167759

Cromoglycate drugs suppress eicosanoid generation in U937 cells by promoting the release of Anx-A1
Yazid, S., Solito, E., Christian, H.C., McArthur, S., Goulding, N. and Flower, R.J. 2009. Cromoglycate drugs suppress eicosanoid generation in U937 cells by promoting the release of Anx-A1. Biochemical Pharmacology. 77 (12), pp. 1814-1826. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2009.03.010

Characterisation of cystathionine gamma-lyase/hydrogen sulphide pathway in ischaemia/reperfusion injury of the mouse kidney: an in vivo study
Tripatara, P., Patel, N.S.A., Brancaleone, V., Renshaw, D., Rocha, J., Sepodes, B., Mota-Filipe, H., Perretti, M. and Thiemermann, C. 2009. Characterisation of cystathionine gamma-lyase/hydrogen sulphide pathway in ischaemia/reperfusion injury of the mouse kidney: an in vivo study. European Journal of Pharmacology. 606 (1-3), pp. 205-209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.01.041

PPARalpha deficiency impacts the regulation ofadipocyte leptin synthesis and secretion
Holness, M.J., Zariwala, M., Walker, C.G. and Sugden, M.C. 2009. PPARalpha deficiency impacts the regulation ofadipocyte leptin synthesis and secretion. Diabetic Medicine. 26 (S1), pp. 37-38. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-5491.2009.02662.x

The molecular regulation of adipose-tissue gene expression by an early life intervention
Sugden, M.C., Zariwala, M., Nooristani, S. and Holness, M.J. 2009. The molecular regulation of adipose-tissue gene expression by an early life intervention. Diabetic Medicine. 26 (S1), pp. 37-38. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-5491.2009.02662.x

PPARs and the orchestration of metabolic fuel selection
Sugden, M.C., Zariwala, M.G. and Holness, M.J. 2009. PPARs and the orchestration of metabolic fuel selection. Pharmacological Research. 60 (3), p. 141–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2009.03.014

Annexin A1 regulates hormone exocytosis through a mechanism involving actin reorganization
McArthur, S., Yazid, S., Christian, H.C., Sirha, R., Flower, R.J., Buckingham, J.C. and Solito, E. 2009. Annexin A1 regulates hormone exocytosis through a mechanism involving actin reorganization. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. 23 (11), pp. 4000-4010. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.09-131391

Melanocortin peptide therapy for the treatment of arthritic pathologies
Getting, S.J., Kaneva, M., Bhadresa, Y., Renshaw, D., Leoni, G., Patel, H.B., Kerrigan, M.J.P. and Locke, I.C. 2009. Melanocortin peptide therapy for the treatment of arthritic pathologies. The Scientific World Journal. 9, pp. 1394-1414. https://doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2009.163

Inflamed phenotype of the mesenteric microcirculation of melanocortin type 3 receptor-null mice after ischemia-reperfusion
Leoni, G., Patel, H.B., Sampaio, A.L.F., Gavins, F.N.E., Murray, J.F., Grieco, P., Getting, S.J. and Perretti, M. 2008. Inflamed phenotype of the mesenteric microcirculation of melanocortin type 3 receptor-null mice after ischemia-reperfusion. FASEB Journal. 22 (12), pp. 4228-4238. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.08-113886

A role for MC3R in modulating lung inflammation
Getting, S.J., Riffo-Vasquez, Y., Pitchford, S., Kaneva, M., Grieco, P., Page, C.P., Perretti, M. and Spina, D. 2008. A role for MC3R in modulating lung inflammation. Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 21 (6), pp. 866-873. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pupt.2008.09.004

Mineral magnetic signatures in a long core from Lake Qarun, Middle Egypt
Foster, I.D.L., Oldfield, F., Flower, R.J. and Keatings, K. 2008. Mineral magnetic signatures in a long core from Lake Qarun, Middle Egypt. Journal of Paleolimnology. 40 (3), pp. 835-849. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10933-008-9202-x

Annexin 1 mediates the rapid anti-inflammatory effects of neutrophil-derived microparticles
Dalli, J., Norling, L.V., Renshaw, D., Cooper, D., Leung Kit-Y and Perretti, M. 2008. Annexin 1 mediates the rapid anti-inflammatory effects of neutrophil-derived microparticles. Blood. 112 (6), pp. 2512-2519. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2008-02-140533

Melanocortin 3 receptor in the testes of mice
Yogarajah, S., Lynch, S., Smith, C.L., Getting, S.J., Perretti, M. and Murray, J.F. 2008. Melanocortin 3 receptor in the testes of mice. Society for Reproduction and Fertility. Edinburgh 29 Jun - 01 Jul 2008 pp. Abstract P80

Melanocortin 3 receptor in the testes of mice
Wotherspoon, G., Yogarajah, S., Lynch, S., Smith, C.L., Getting, S.J., Perretti, M. and Murray, J.F. 2008. Melanocortin 3 receptor in the testes of mice. pA2 Online. From the University of Brighton, Winter 2008 Meeting: Proceedings of the British Pharmacological Society. 6 (4), p. P008.

Tonic inhibitory control of the mesenteric microcirculation by the melanocortin type 3 receptor
Leoni, G., Patel, H.B., Sampaio, A.L.F., Gavins, F.N.E., Getting, S.J. and Perretti, M. 2008. Tonic inhibitory control of the mesenteric microcirculation by the melanocortin type 3 receptor. Journal of Vascular Research. 45 (Suppl2).

Inhibitory role of endogenous melanocortin type 3 receptor in the inflamed microcirculation
Leoni, G., Patel, H.B., Sampaio, A.L.F., Gavins, F.N.E., Getting, S.J. and Perretti, M. 2008. Inhibitory role of endogenous melanocortin type 3 receptor in the inflamed microcirculation. William Harvey Day. St. Barts Hospital, London 14th October 2008

Therapeutic exploitation of endogenous anti-inflammatory mechanisms: old and new leads
Renshaw, D., Urquhart, P. and Perretti, M. 2007. Therapeutic exploitation of endogenous anti-inflammatory mechanisms: old and new leads. Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry. 5 (4), pp. 289-305. https://doi.org/10.2174/187152306778772838

Prolactin in culture leads to a shift in stimulatory threshold but does not augment the K-ATP channel independent pathway for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion
Zariwala, M., Holness, M.J., Turner, M.D. and Sugden, M.C. 2007. Prolactin in culture leads to a shift in stimulatory threshold but does not augment the K-ATP channel independent pathway for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Diabetic Medicine. 24 (S1), p. 33. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-5491.2007.02126.x

Enhancement of immune response of HBsAg loaded poly(L-lactic acid) microspheres against Hepatitis B through incorporation of alum and chitosan
Pandit, S., Cevher, E, Zariwala, M., Somavarapu, S. and Alpar, H.O. 2007. Enhancement of immune response of HBsAg loaded poly(L-lactic acid) microspheres against Hepatitis B through incorporation of alum and chitosan. Journal of Microencapsulation. 24 (6), p. 539–552. https://doi.org/10.1080/02652040701443700

Diet, obesity and diabetes: a current update
Walker, C.G., Zariwala, M.G., Holness, M.J. and Sugden, M.C. 2007. Diet, obesity and diabetes: a current update. Clinical Science. 112 (2), pp. 93-111. https://doi.org/10.1042/CS20060150

Endogenous MC3R and inhibition of inflammatory arthritis. PC112
Patel, H.B., Sampaio, A.L.F., Getting, S.J., Gray, M. and Perretti, M. 2007. Endogenous MC3R and inhibition of inflammatory arthritis. PC112. Life Sciences. Glasgow 8th - 12th July 2007

Crucial role for endogenous melanocortin type 3 receptor in mesenteric post-reperfusion injury. PC106
Leoni, G., Getting, S.J., Gavins, F.N.E. and Perretti, M. 2007. Crucial role for endogenous melanocortin type 3 receptor in mesenteric post-reperfusion injury. PC106. Life Sciences. Glasgow 8th - 12th July 2007

[D -Trp8]-γ -melanocyte -stimulating hormone exhibits anti-inflammatory efficacy in mice bearing a nonfunctional MC1 R(Recessive Yellow e/e Mouse)
Getting, S.J., Lam, C.W., Leoni, G., Gavins, F.N.E., Grieco, P. and Perretti, M. 2006. [D -Trp8]-γ -melanocyte -stimulating hormone exhibits anti-inflammatory efficacy in mice bearing a nonfunctional MC1 R(Recessive Yellow e/e Mouse). Molecular Pharmacology. 70 (6), pp. 1850-1855. https://doi.org/10.1124/mol.106.028878

Adrenomedullin increases the expression of calcitonin-like receptor and receptor activity modifying protein 2 mRNA in human microvascular endothelial cells
Schwarz, N., Renshaw, D., Kapas, S. and Hinson, J.P. 2006. Adrenomedullin increases the expression of calcitonin-like receptor and receptor activity modifying protein 2 mRNA in human microvascular endothelial cells. Journal of Endocrinology. 190 (2), pp. 505-514. https://doi.org/10.1677/joe.1.06806

Intra-adrenal mechanisms in the response to chronic stress: investigation in a rat model of emotionality
Kosti, O., Raven, P.W., Renshaw, D. and Hinson, J.P. 2006. Intra-adrenal mechanisms in the response to chronic stress: investigation in a rat model of emotionality. Journal of Endocrinology. 189 (2), pp. 211-218. https://doi.org/10.1677/joe.1.06638

Melanocortin receptor signaling in RAW264.7 macrophage cell line
Lam, C.W., Perretti, M. and Getting, S.J. 2006. Melanocortin receptor signaling in RAW264.7 macrophage cell line. Peptides. 27 (2), pp. 404-412. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.peptides.2005.01.031

The melanocortin peptide HP228 displays protective effects in acute models of inflammation and organ damage
Getting, S.J., Di Filippo, C., D'Amico, M. and Perretti, M. 2006. The melanocortin peptide HP228 displays protective effects in acute models of inflammation and organ damage. European Journal of Pharmacology. 532 (1-2), pp. 138-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.12.023

Early protein restriction attenuates effects of increased age to suppress the response of adipose-tissue LPL activity to feeding
Zariwala, M., Holness, M.J. and Sugden, M.C. 2006. Early protein restriction attenuates effects of increased age to suppress the response of adipose-tissue LPL activity to feeding. Diabetic Medicine. 23 (S2), pp. 31-138. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-5468.2006.01875.x

Melanocortin 3 receptors control crystal-induced inflammation
Getting, S.J., Lam, C.W., Chen, A.S., Grieco, P. and Perretti, M. 2006. Melanocortin 3 receptors control crystal-induced inflammation. FASEB Journal. 20 (13), pp. 2234-2241.

In vitro and in vivo induction of heme oxygenase 1 in mouse macrophages following melanocortin receptor activation
Lam, C.W., Getting, S.J. and Perretti, M. 2005. In vitro and in vivo induction of heme oxygenase 1 in mouse macrophages following melanocortin receptor activation. Journal of Immunology. 174 (4), pp. 2297-2304.

MC-3 receptor and the inflammatory mechanisms activated in acute myocardial infarct
Getting, S.J., Di Filippo, C., Christian, H.C., Lam, C.W., Rossi, F., D'Amico, M. and Perretti, M. 2004. MC-3 receptor and the inflammatory mechanisms activated in acute myocardial infarct. Journal of Leukocyte Biology. 76 (4), pp. 845-853. https://doi.org/10.1189/jlb.0306175

The annexin 1-/- mouse: phenotypic studies
Wells, D., Wells, K., Liu, K., Hannon, R., Croxtall, J.D., Damazo, A.S., Oliani, S.M., Getting, S.J., Parente, L., Paul-Clark, M., Yona, S., Gavins, F.N.E., Martin, J., Christian, H.C., Cover, P.O., John, C.D., Solito, E., Morris, J.F., Perretti, M., Buckingham, J.C. and Flower, R.J. 2004. The annexin 1-/- mouse: phenotypic studies. Annexins. 1 (2), pp. 109-120.

Activation of melanocortin receptors induces cAMP-dependent hemeoxygenase-1 expression in murine macrophages
Lam, C.W., Getting, S.J. and Perretti, M. 2004. Activation of melanocortin receptors induces cAMP-dependent hemeoxygenase-1 expression in murine macrophages. pA2 Online. Winter 2004 Meeting: Proceedings of the British Pharmacological Society.

Dissection of the anti-inflammatory effect of the core and C-terminal (KPV) alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone peptides
Getting, S.J., Schiöth, H.B. and Perretti, M. 2003. Dissection of the anti-inflammatory effect of the core and C-terminal (KPV) alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone peptides. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 306 (2), pp. 631-637. https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.103.051623

Redundancy of a Functional Melanocortin 1 Receptor in the Anti-inflammatory actions of melanocortin peptides: studies in the recessive yellow (e/e) mouse suggest an important role for melanocortin 3 receptor
Getting, S.J., Christian, H.C., Lam, C.W., Gavins, F.N.E., Flower, R.J., Schiöth, H.B. and Perretti, M. 2003. Redundancy of a Functional Melanocortin 1 Receptor in the Anti-inflammatory actions of melanocortin peptides: studies in the recessive yellow (e/e) mouse suggest an important role for melanocortin 3 receptor. Journal of Immunology. 170 (6), pp. 3323-3330.

Aberrant inflammation and resistance to glucocorticoids in annexin 1-/- mouse
Hannon, R., Croxtall, J.D., Getting, S.J., Roviezzo, F., Yona, S., Paul-Clark, M., Gavins, F.N.E., Perretti, M., Morris, J.F., Buckingham, J.C. and Flower, R.J. 2003. Aberrant inflammation and resistance to glucocorticoids in annexin 1-/- mouse. FASEB Journal. 17 (2), pp. 253-255. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.02-0239fje

Migration of specific leukocyte subsets in response to cytokine or chemokine application in vivo
Perretti, M. and Getting, S.J. 2003. Migration of specific leukocyte subsets in response to cytokine or chemokine application in vivo. Methods in Molecular Biology. 225, pp. 139-146. https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-374-7:139

Migration of specific leukocyte sub-sets in response to cytokine or chemokine application in vivo
Perretti, M. and Getting, S.J. 2003. Migration of specific leukocyte sub-sets in response to cytokine or chemokine application in vivo. in: Winyard, P.G. and Willoughby, D.A. (ed.) Inflammation Protocols Totowa, NJ Humana Press. pp. 139-146

The link module from human TSG-6 inhibits neutrophil migration in a hyaluronan- and inter-alpha -inhibitor-independent manner
Getting, S.J., Mahoney, D.J., Cao, T.V., Rugg, M.S., Fries, E., Milner, C.M., Perretti, M. and Day, A.J. 2002. The link module from human TSG-6 inhibits neutrophil migration in a hyaluronan- and inter-alpha -inhibitor-independent manner. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (52), pp. 51068-51076. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M205121200

The annexin-1 knockout mouse: what it tells us about the inflammatory response
Roviezzo, F., Getting, S.J., Paul-Clark, M., Yona, S., Gavins, F.N.E., Perretti, M., Hannon, R., Croxtall, J.D., Buckingham, J.C. and Flower, R.J. 2002. The annexin-1 knockout mouse: what it tells us about the inflammatory response. Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. 53 (4, part 1), pp. 541 -553.

Endogenous lipid- and peptide-derived anti-inflammatory pathways generated with glucocorticoid and aspirin treatment activate the lipoxin A4 receptor
Perretti, M., Chiang, N., La, M., Fierro, I.M., Marullo, S., Getting, S.J., Solito, E. and Serhan, C.N. 2002. Endogenous lipid- and peptide-derived anti-inflammatory pathways generated with glucocorticoid and aspirin treatment activate the lipoxin A4 receptor. Nature Medicine. 8 (11), pp. 1296-1302. https://doi.org/10.1038/nm786

Activation of melanocortin type 3 receptor as a molecular mechanism for adrenocorticotropic hormone efficacy in gouty arthritis
Getting, S.J., Christian, H.C., Flower, R.J. and Perretti, M. 2002. Activation of melanocortin type 3 receptor as a molecular mechanism for adrenocorticotropic hormone efficacy in gouty arthritis. Arthritis & Rheumatism. 46 (10), pp. 2765-2775. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.10526

A novel control mechanism based on GDNF modulation of somatostatin release from sensory neurones
Malcangio, M., Getting, S.J., Grist, J., Cunningham, J.R., Bradbury, E.J., Issa, P.C., Lever, I.J., Pezet, S. and Perretti, M. 2002. A novel control mechanism based on GDNF modulation of somatostatin release from sensory neurones. FASEB Journal. 16 (7), pp. 730-732. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.01-0971fje.

Characterization of CXC and CC chemokine expression in a murine model of chronic granuloma
Carollo, M., Getting, S.J., Delaney, S., Christie, M.I. and Perretti, M. 2002. Characterization of CXC and CC chemokine expression in a murine model of chronic granuloma. Inflammation Research. 51 (2), pp. 110-111. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02684013

Bacterial lipopolysaccharide directly stimulates cortisol secretion in human adrenal cells
Vakharia, K., Renshaw, D. and Hinson, J.P. 2002. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide directly stimulates cortisol secretion in human adrenal cells. Endocrine Research. 28 (4), pp. 357-361. https://doi.org/10.1081/ERC-120016809

Regulation of rat adrenal vasoactive intestinal peptide content: effects of adrenocorticotropic hormone treatment and changes in dietary sodium intake
Hinson, J.P., Renshaw, D., Carroll, M. and Kapas, S. 2001. Regulation of rat adrenal vasoactive intestinal peptide content: effects of adrenocorticotropic hormone treatment and changes in dietary sodium intake. Journal of Neuroendocrinology. 13 (9), pp. 769-773. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2826.2001.00692.x

Involvement of the receptor for formylated peptides in the in vivo anti-migratory actions of annexin 1 and its mimetics
Perretti, M., Getting, S.J., Solito, E., Murphy, P.M. and Gao, J.L. 2001. Involvement of the receptor for formylated peptides in the in vivo anti-migratory actions of annexin 1 and its mimetics. American Journal of Pathology. 158 (6), pp. 1969-1973.

Anti-inflammatory effects of a novel, potent inhibitor of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase
Mabley, J.G., Jagtap, P., Perretti, M., Getting, S.J., Salzman, A.L., Virag, L., Szabo, E., Soriano, F.G., Liaudet, L., Hasko, G., Marton, A., Southan, G.J., Abdelkarim, G.E. and Szabo, C. 2001. Anti-inflammatory effects of a novel, potent inhibitor of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. Inflammation Research. 50 (11), pp. 561-569. https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00000234

Arthritic diseases: melanocortin type 3 receptor agonists as potential therapeutics
Getting, S.J. and Perretti, M. 2001. Arthritic diseases: melanocortin type 3 receptor agonists as potential therapeutics. Current Opinion in Investigational Drugs. 2 (8), pp. 1064-1069.

Natural and synthetic agonists of the melanocortin receptor type 3 possess anti-inflammatory properties
Getting, S.J., Allcock, G.H., Flower, R.J. and Perretti, M. 2001. Natural and synthetic agonists of the melanocortin receptor type 3 possess anti-inflammatory properties. Journal of Leukocyte Biology. 69 (1), pp. 98-104.

MC3-R as a novel target for anti-inflammatory therapy
Getting, S.J. and Perretti, M. 2000. MC3-R as a novel target for anti-inflammatory therapy. Drug News & Perspectives. 13 (1), pp. 19-27.

POMC gene-derived peptides activate melanocortin type 3 receptor on murine macrophages, suppress cytokine release, and inhibit neutrophil migration in acute experimental inflammation
Getting, S.J., Gibbs, L., Clark, A.J.L., Flower, R.J. and Perretti, M. 1999. POMC gene-derived peptides activate melanocortin type 3 receptor on murine macrophages, suppress cytokine release, and inhibit neutrophil migration in acute experimental inflammation. Journal of Immunology. 162 (12), pp. 7446-7453.

Compounds for use in the treatment of inflammation
Flower, R.J., Getting, S.J. and Perretti, M. 1998. Compounds for use in the treatment of inflammation.

Inhibition of poly (ADP-ribose) synthetase attenuates neutrophil recruitment and exerts anti-inflammatory effects
Szabo, C., Lim, L.H.K., Cuzzocrea, S., Getting, S.J., Zingarelli, B., Flower, R.J., Salzman, A.L. and Perretti, M. 1997. Inhibition of poly (ADP-ribose) synthetase attenuates neutrophil recruitment and exerts anti-inflammatory effects. Journal of experimental medicine. 186 (7), pp. 1041-1049. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.186.7.1041

Molecular determinants of monosodium urate crystal-induced murine peritonitis: a role for endogenous mast cells and a distinct requirement for endothelial-derived selectins
Getting, S.J., Flower, R.J., Parente, L., de Medicis, R., Lussier, A., Woliztky, B.A., Martins, M.A. and Perretti, M. 1997. Molecular determinants of monosodium urate crystal-induced murine peritonitis: a role for endogenous mast cells and a distinct requirement for endothelial-derived selectins. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 283 (1), pp. 123-130.

Inhibition of neutrophil and monocyte recruitment by endogenous and exogenous lipocortin 1
Getting, S.J., Flower, R.J. and Perretti, M. 1997. Inhibition of neutrophil and monocyte recruitment by endogenous and exogenous lipocortin 1. British Journal of Pharmacology. 120 (6), pp. 1075-1082. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjp.0701029

Sub-acute treatment of rats with dexamethasone reduces ICAM-1 levels on circulating monocytes
Tailor, A., Das, A.M., Getting, S.J., Flower, R.J. and Perretti, M. 1997. Sub-acute treatment of rats with dexamethasone reduces ICAM-1 levels on circulating monocytes. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 231 (3), pp. 675-678. https://doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.1997.6168

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