Workplace Physical Activity Barriers and Facilitators: A Qualitative Study Based on Employees Physical Activity Levels

Safi, A., Cole, M., Kelly, A., Zariwala, M. and Walker, N.C. 2022. Workplace Physical Activity Barriers and Facilitators: A Qualitative Study Based on Employees Physical Activity Levels. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 19 (15) e9442. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159442

TitleWorkplace Physical Activity Barriers and Facilitators: A Qualitative Study Based on Employees Physical Activity Levels
TypeJournal article
AuthorsSafi, A., Cole, M., Kelly, A., Zariwala, M. and Walker, N.C.
AbstractIntroduction: Lack of time, management support, insufficient facilitates, workload balance, and culture are often reported as common barriers to physical activity (PA) participation in the workplace. In comparison, identifying facilitators of PA in the workplace are scarce. A ‘one-size-fits-all’ approach to overcoming the barriers may also be unsuccessful within university settings where multidisciplinary workforce exists due to the heterogeneity nature of job roles. Thus, the aim of this study was to understand the perceived barriers and facilitators of PA of university employees who were classified as active or inactive based on their job roles. Methods: Forty-one employees (female = 17; male = 24) participated in focus groups to discuss their perceived barriers and facilitators to PA in the workplace. Participants were categorised based on their PA levels as active and inactive prior analysing the semi-structured focus groups data via using thematic analysis. Results and Discussion: The results showed that a lack of time was reported by 80% of the participants as a barrier to PA, including 63% inactive and 17% of the active participants. This included 27% administrators’ staff, 23% academics, 19% senior management, and 11% professional service staff. Over 75% participants reported a lack of management support as one of the perceived barriers to their PA engagement in the workplace. Approximately 58% also reported workplace culture as a barrier to PA participation. Open access to a gym on campus was perceived to be the main facilitator to engaging in PA in the future. Similarly, increased management support for engaging in PA and having flexibility during working days were perceived as facilitators for PA engagement and a way to reduced sedentary behaviour in the workplace. Conclusions: These findings contribute to the limited literature in terms of evaluating obstacles and facilitators of university employees to encourage engagement with PA in the workplace. These findings can be applied to form PA, health, and wellbeing-related interventions specifically targeting these identified barriers that are experienced in the workplace and thereby potentially reducing absenteeism and increasing productivity.
Keywordsqualitative research
physical activity
workplace
barriers
facilitators
employees health and wellbeing
Article numbere9442
JournalInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Journal citation19 (15)
ISSN1660-4601
Year2022
PublisherMDPI
Publisher's version
License
CC BY 4.0
File Access Level
Open (open metadata and files)
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159442
PubMed ID35954798
Publication dates
Published01 Aug 2022
Published online01 Aug 2022
LicenseCC BY 4.0

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Dagos, D., Selvam, P., Kelly, P., Evans, R., Zariwala, M., Renshaw, D. and Farnaud, S. 2015. Comparative study of bioavailability of different iron supplements to bacteria. 6th Meeting of the International Bioiron Society. Hangzhou, China 06 - 10 Sep 2015 Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajh.24277

A preliminary study of the link between iron increase in dopaminergic cells and Parkinson's disease
Mehta, K., Ahmed, B., Zariwala, M., Evans, R. and Farnaud, S. 2015. A preliminary study of the link between iron increase in dopaminergic cells and Parkinson's disease. 6th Meeting of the International Bioiron Society. Hangzhou, China 06 - 10 Sep 2015 Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajh.24277

What could insulin teach us about hepcidin? A comparative study between the iron hormone hepcidin and insulin
Mehta, K., Zariwala, M., Renshaw, D. and Farnaud, S. 2015. What could insulin teach us about hepcidin? A comparative study between the iron hormone hepcidin and insulin. 6th Meeting of the International Bioiron Society. Hangzhou, China 06 - 10 Sep 2015 Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajh.24277

Novel beta-casein nanocarriers for oral iron delivery
Zariwala, M., Somavarapu, S., Evans, R., Farnaud, S. and Renshaw, D. 2015. Novel beta-casein nanocarriers for oral iron delivery. 6th Meeting of the International Bioiron Society. Hangzhou, China 06 - 10 Sep 2015 Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajh.24277

Platform delivery technologies for nutraceutical applications
Zariwala, M., Somavarapu, S., Evans, R.W., Farnaud, S. and Renshaw, D. 2015. Platform delivery technologies for nutraceutical applications. Vitafoods . Geneva, Switzerland 05 - 07 May 2015

Novel whey protein isolate nanocarriers for oral micronutrient delivery
Farnaud, S., Renshaw, D., Somavarapu, S. and Zariwala, M. 2015. Novel whey protein isolate nanocarriers for oral micronutrient delivery. 9th NIZO Dairy Conference Milk Protein Functionality . Papendal, Netherlands 30 Sep - 02 Oct 2015

Drug Delivery Approaches for Apigenin: A Review
Papay, Z.E., Balogh, E., Zariwala, M., Somavarapu, S. and Antal, I. 2015. Drug Delivery Approaches for Apigenin: A Review. in: Stacks, N.M. (ed.) Apigenin and Naringenin: Natural Sources, Pharmacology and Role in Cancer Prevention New York, USA Nova Science Publishers. pp. 1-20

Formulation and characterization of curcumin loaded DQAsomes for pulmonary delivery
Zupancic, S., Kocbek, P., Kristl, J., Zariwala, M., Renshaw, D., Gul, M.O., Elsaid, Z., Taylor, K.M.G. and Somavarapu, S. 2014. Formulation and characterization of curcumin loaded DQAsomes for pulmonary delivery. 10th International Conference and Workshop on Biological Barriers. Saarbrücken 16 - 21 Feb 2014

Serum ferritin levels are correlated with total adiposity, but not BMI in obese males
Zariwala, M., Kosicka, A., MacKenzie, R. and Renshaw, D. 2014. Serum ferritin levels are correlated with total adiposity, but not BMI in obese males. Society for Endocrinology BES 2014. Liverpool, UK 24 - 27 Mar 2014 BioScientifica Ltd.. https://doi.org/10.1530/endoabs.34.P255

A human cell model of Parkinson’s disease confirms iron accumulation in dopaminergic neurons following 6-OHDOPA treatment
Zariwala, M. and Farnaud, S. 2014. A human cell model of Parkinson’s disease confirms iron accumulation in dopaminergic neurons following 6-OHDOPA treatment. European Iron Club Annual Meeting 2014. Verona, Italy 11 - 14 Sep 2014

Fabrication and characterization of novel hydrophobically modified chitosan nanoliposomes for oral iron delivery
Zariwala, M., Bendre, H., Markiv, A., Farnaud, S., Somavarapu, S. and Renshaw, D. 2014. Fabrication and characterization of novel hydrophobically modified chitosan nanoliposomes for oral iron delivery. European Iron Club Annual Meeting 2014. Verona, Italy 11 - 14 Sep 2014

Design and Development of Novel Mitochondrial Targeted Nanocarriers, DQAsomes for Curcumin Inhalation
Zupančič, Š., Kocbek, P., Zariwala, M., Renshaw, D., Gul, M.O., Elsaid, Z., Taylor, K.M.G. and Somavarapu, S. 2014. Design and Development of Novel Mitochondrial Targeted Nanocarriers, DQAsomes for Curcumin Inhalation. Molecular Pharmaceutics. 11 (7), pp. 2334-2345. https://doi.org/10.1021/mp500003q

Ascorbyl palmitate/DSPE-PEG nanocarriers for oral iron delivery:Preparation, characterisation and in vitro evaluation
Zariwala, M., Farnaud, S., Merchant, Z., Somavarapu, S. and Renshaw, D. 2014. Ascorbyl palmitate/DSPE-PEG nanocarriers for oral iron delivery:Preparation, characterisation and in vitro evaluation. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces. 115 (1), p. 86– 92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.11.028

Design and Development of Novel Mitochondrial Targeted
Zupančič, Š., Kocbek, P., Zariwala, M., Renshaw, D., Gul, M.O., Elsaid, Z., Taylor, K.M.G. and Somavarapu, S. 2014. Design and Development of Novel Mitochondrial Targeted. Molecular Pharmaceutics. 11 (7), pp. 2334-2345. https://doi.org/10.1021/mp500003q

Macronutrient regulation of PYY and DPPIV in human intestinal epithelial cells
Zariwala, M., Kosicka, A. and Renshaw, D. 2013. Macronutrient regulation of PYY and DPPIV in human intestinal epithelial cells. ENDO 2013: The Endocrine Society’s 95th Annual Meeting. San Francisco, USA 15 - 18 Jun 2013

Preparation and Characterisation of Solid Lipid Particles for Oral Iron Delivery
Zariwala, M., Farnaud, S., Somavarapu, S. and Renshaw, D. 2013. Preparation and Characterisation of Solid Lipid Particles for Oral Iron Delivery. Fifth Congress of the International BioIron Society (IBIS), Biennial World Meeting. University College London 14 - 18 Apr 2013 Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajh.23453

Hepcidin transcription and peptide secretion are governed by different regulatory mechanisms
Mehta, K., Patel, V., Busbridge, M., Renshaw, D., Zariwala, M., Evans, R. and Farnaud, S. 2013. Hepcidin transcription and peptide secretion are governed by different regulatory mechanisms. Fifth Congress of the International BioIron Society (IBIS), Biennial World Meeting. University College London 14 - 18 Apr 2013 Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajh.23453

Comparison Study of Oral Iron Preparations Using a Human Intestinal Model
Zariwala, M., Somavarapu, S., Farnaud, S. and Renshaw, D. 2013. Comparison Study of Oral Iron Preparations Using a Human Intestinal Model. Scientia Pharmaceutica. 81 (4), pp. 1123-1139. https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.1304-03

A novel approach to oral iron delivery using ferrous sulphate loadedsolid lipid nanoparticles
Zariwala, M., Elsaid, N., Jackson, T.L., Corral López, F., Farnaud, S., Somavarapu, S. and Renshaw, D. 2013. A novel approach to oral iron delivery using ferrous sulphate loadedsolid lipid nanoparticles. International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 456 (2), pp. 400-407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.08.070

Annexin-A1 protein and its relationship to cortisol
Fowkes, R.C., Moradi-Bidhendi, N., Branceleone, V., Zariwala, M., Brady, D., Jessop, D.S., Perretti, M. and Renshaw, D. 2013. Annexin-A1 protein and its relationship to cortisol. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 38 (5), pp. 722-727. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.08.003

Attenuation of plasma annexin A1 in human obesity
Kosicka, A., Cunliffe, AD., MacKenzie, R., Zariwala, M., Perretti, M., Flower, R.J. and Renshaw, D. 2013. Attenuation of plasma annexin A1 in human obesity. FASEB Journal. 27 (1), pp. 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.12-213728

Increased transferrin-bound iron uptake in HepG2 cells is followed by an increase in expression of the iron hormone hepcidin pre-and post-translationally
Mehta, K., Patel, V., Busbridge Mark, Renshaw, D., Zariwala, M., Evans, R. and Farnaud, S. 2012. Increased transferrin-bound iron uptake in HepG2 cells is followed by an increase in expression of the iron hormone hepcidin pre-and post-translationally. European Iron Club Annual Meeting 2012. Rennes, France 29 - 31 Aug 2012

Comparison of iron absorption from iron supplement preparations using an in vitro Caco-2 model
Zariwala, M., Farnaud, S. and Renshaw, D. 2012. Comparison of iron absorption from iron supplement preparations using an in vitro Caco-2 model. European Iron Club Annual Meeting 2012. Rennes, France 29 - 31 Aug 2012

DPPIV and macronutrients regulate the expression of PYY3–36 in human gut epithelial cells
Kosicka, A., Renshaw, D. and Zariwala, M. 2012. DPPIV and macronutrients regulate the expression of PYY3–36 in human gut epithelial cells. Society for Endocrinology BES 2012. Harrogate, UK Mar - Apr 2012 BioScientifica Ltd.. https://doi.org/10.1530/endoabs.31.P197

Ac 2-26, an annexin A1-derived peptide, reduces inflammation in human SGBS adipocytes after hypoxia treatment
Kosicka-Knox, A., Cunliffe, A., Mackenzie, R., Zariwala, M. and Renshaw, D. 2012. Ac 2-26, an annexin A1-derived peptide, reduces inflammation in human SGBS adipocytes after hypoxia treatment. 15th International & 14th European Congress of Endocrinology. Florence, Italy 05 - 09 May 2012 BioScientifica Ltd..

Annexin A1, an anti-inflammatory regulator, is expressed in human adipocytes
Kosicka-Knox, A., Cunliffe, A., Mackenzie, R., Zariwala, M. and Renshaw, D. 2012. Annexin A1, an anti-inflammatory regulator, is expressed in human adipocytes. Society for Endocrinology BES 2012. Harrogate, UK Mar - Apr 2012

Adipocyte pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 expression is associated with augmented PPARγ upregulation in early-life programming of later obesity
Holness, M.J., Zariwala, M., Walker, C.G. and Sugden, M.C. 2012. Adipocyte pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 expression is associated with augmented PPARγ upregulation in early-life programming of later obesity. FEBS Open Bio. 2, pp. 32-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fob.2012.02.003

Changes in adipocyte circadian clock function via SRT1 and AMPK in programmed obesity
Caton, P.W., Zariwala, M., Holness, M.J. and Sugden, M.C. 2010. Changes in adipocyte circadian clock function via SRT1 and AMPK in programmed obesity. Diabetic Medicine. 27 (S1), pp. 1-36. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-5491.2009.02935.x

PPARalpha deficiency impacts the regulation ofadipocyte leptin synthesis and secretion
Holness, M.J., Zariwala, M., Walker, C.G. and Sugden, M.C. 2009. PPARalpha deficiency impacts the regulation ofadipocyte leptin synthesis and secretion. Diabetic Medicine. 26 (S1), pp. 37-38. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-5491.2009.02662.x

The molecular regulation of adipose-tissue gene expression by an early life intervention
Sugden, M.C., Zariwala, M., Nooristani, S. and Holness, M.J. 2009. The molecular regulation of adipose-tissue gene expression by an early life intervention. Diabetic Medicine. 26 (S1), pp. 37-38. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-5491.2009.02662.x

PPARs and the orchestration of metabolic fuel selection
Sugden, M.C., Zariwala, M.G. and Holness, M.J. 2009. PPARs and the orchestration of metabolic fuel selection. Pharmacological Research. 60 (3), p. 141–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2009.03.014

Prolactin in culture leads to a shift in stimulatory threshold but does not augment the K-ATP channel independent pathway for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion
Zariwala, M., Holness, M.J., Turner, M.D. and Sugden, M.C. 2007. Prolactin in culture leads to a shift in stimulatory threshold but does not augment the K-ATP channel independent pathway for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Diabetic Medicine. 24 (S1), p. 33. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-5491.2007.02126.x

Enhancement of immune response of HBsAg loaded poly(L-lactic acid) microspheres against Hepatitis B through incorporation of alum and chitosan
Pandit, S., Cevher, E, Zariwala, M., Somavarapu, S. and Alpar, H.O. 2007. Enhancement of immune response of HBsAg loaded poly(L-lactic acid) microspheres against Hepatitis B through incorporation of alum and chitosan. Journal of Microencapsulation. 24 (6), p. 539–552. https://doi.org/10.1080/02652040701443700

Diet, obesity and diabetes: a current update
Walker, C.G., Zariwala, M.G., Holness, M.J. and Sugden, M.C. 2007. Diet, obesity and diabetes: a current update. Clinical Science. 112 (2), pp. 93-111. https://doi.org/10.1042/CS20060150

Early protein restriction attenuates effects of increased age to suppress the response of adipose-tissue LPL activity to feeding
Zariwala, M., Holness, M.J. and Sugden, M.C. 2006. Early protein restriction attenuates effects of increased age to suppress the response of adipose-tissue LPL activity to feeding. Diabetic Medicine. 23 (S2), pp. 31-138. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-5468.2006.01875.x

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