Rachel Aldred, Ersilia Verlinghieri, Megan Sharkey, Irena Itova and Anna Goodman 2021. Equity in new active travel infrastructure: a spatial analysis of London’s new Low Traffic Neighbourhoods. Journal of Transport Geography. 96 103194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2021.103194
| Title | Equity in new active travel infrastructure: a spatial analysis of London’s new Low Traffic Neighbourhoods |
|---|---|
| Type | Journal article |
| Authors | Rachel Aldred, Ersilia Verlinghieri, Megan Sharkey, Irena Itova and Anna Goodman |
| Abstract | In this article we examine equity in new active travel infrastructure in London, UK. We focus on Low Traffic Neighbourhoods (LTNs) introduced during Covid-19. These area-based schemes mainly involve ‘modal filters’ that restrict through motor traffic from residential streets within a neighbourhood. Such approaches to traffic management are traditional in the Netherlands, but are relatively novel in London and other global cities such as Barcelona. LTNs are often controversial, with one criticism being that they are implemented in affluent areas and hence benefit richer residents. London represents an excellent opportunity to investigate whether these rapidly introduced schemes have so far been equitably distributed. We focused on LTNs introduced between March and September 2020 and still present at the end of October 2020. Having generated datasets representing these new LTN locations and their boundary roads, we matched these to Output Areas (OAs, administrative areas containing around 300 residents). We then examined the extent to which LTN implementation was associated with age, ethnicity, disability, employment and car ownership (using Census 2011 data) and small-area deprivation (using the Index of Multiple Deprivation 2019). We estimated that 3.7% of all Londoners live inside a new LTN, and 8.9% live within 500 m walking distance of a new modal filter. Across London as a whole, people in the most deprived quarter of OAs were 2.5 times more likely to live in a new LTN, compared to Londoners in the least deprived quarter. While overall Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) people were slightly more likely than White Londoners to live in a new LTN, this varied by ethnic group. Specifically, Black Londoners were somewhat more likely, and Asian Londoners somewhat less likely than White people to live in a new LTN. Car-free households were more likely to live in a new LTN. We also examined equity within London's districts, which lead on implementation of LTNs. In the median district, people in more deprived areas were more likely to live in an LTN than people in less deprived areas, suggesting that, on average, individual districts have prioritised their more deprived areas. However, in the median district, BAME residents were slightly less likely to live in an LTN than White residents. Across districts implementing LTNs there was wide variation, with some much more or less equitable than others. A third of districts implemented no LTNs at all. Finally, at the micro level, residents living in LTNs were demographically similar to neighbours living in OAs that touched an LTN boundary road. We conclude that LTN implementation has been broadly equitable at the city and micro levels, but the picture is more mixed at the district level, despite districts being encouraged to consider deprivation when planning LTN locations. Equity metrics should be used in policy and research to monitor and improve the distribution of active travel interventions. |
| Article number | 103194 |
| Journal | Journal of Transport Geography |
| Journal citation | 96 |
| ISSN | 0966-6923 |
| Year | 2021 |
| Publisher | Elsevier |
| Publisher's version | License CC BY 4.0 File Access Level Open (open metadata and files) |
| Digital Object Identifier (DOI) | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2021.103194 |
| Web address (URL) | https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/q87fu |
| Publication dates | |
| Published | 26 Feb 2021 |
| Published in print | Oct 2021 |
| Output media | SocArXiv pre-print |
Troubling go-alongs through the lens of care
Larrington-Spencer, H., Verlinghieri, E., Lawlor, E. and Aldred, R. 2024. Troubling go-alongs through the lens of care. Qualitative Research. Advanced online publication. https://doi.org/10.1177/14687941241277747
The impact of Low Traffic Neighbourhoods in London on the characteristics of people walking, cycling and wheeling: statistical analysis plan
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Old Oak and Park Royal – towards active travel? 2nd edition - Short report
Greenwood, D., Aldred, R., Gerhards, J. and Fadel, M. 2024. Old Oak and Park Royal – towards active travel? 2nd edition - Short report. London
Old Oak and Park Royal – towards active travel? 2nd edition - Full report
Greenwood, D., Gerhards, J., Aldred, R. and Fadel, M. 2024. Old Oak and Park Royal – towards active travel? 2nd edition - Full report. London
Road Traffic Injuries and LTNs: Statistical Analysis Plan
Furlong, J., Armstrong, B., Edwards, P., Fevyer, D., Aldred, R. and Goodman, A. 2024. Road Traffic Injuries and LTNs: Statistical Analysis Plan.
Editorial. Active travel and health equity: towards an intersectional approach
Rachel Aldred and Robin Mazumder 2024. Editorial. Active travel and health equity: towards an intersectional approach. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 58 (12), pp. 635-636. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2023-107109
Impacts of active travel interventions on travel behaviour and health: Results from a five-year longitudinal travel survey in Outer London
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Changes in motor traffic in London’s Low Traffic Neighbourhoods and boundary roads
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Low Traffic Neighbourhoods in London: statistical analysis plan for examining impacts on driving times
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Sound and fury? The impact of councillors’ LTN positions on voting behaviour in Greater London
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“You always think about what other people be thinking”: Black men and barriers to cycling in London
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In the opposite lane: How Women of Colour experience, negotiate and apply an oppositional gaze to dominant cycling discourses
Aldred, R., Pedroso, D., Pedroso, D. and Pedroso, D. 2023. In the opposite lane: How Women of Colour experience, negotiate and apply an oppositional gaze to dominant cycling discourses. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives. 19 100828. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2023.100828
The Impact of 2020 Low Traffic Neighbourhoods on Levels of Car/Van Driving among Residents: Findings from Lambeth, London, UK
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Statistical Analysis Plan: Low Traffic Neighbourhoods in London: Interrupted time series analysis of sensor count data
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Old Oak and Park Royal – towards active travel? Full report
Gerhards, J., Greenwood, D. and Aldred, R. 2022. Old Oak and Park Royal – towards active travel? Full report. London University of Westminster. https://doi.org/10.34737/w2031
Equity in temporary street closures: The case of London’s Covid-19 ‘School Streets’ schemes
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More than walking and cycling: What is ‘active travel’?
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Rogue drivers, typical cyclists, and tragic pedestrians: a Critical Discourse Analysis of media reporting of fatal road traffic collisions
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Cycling behaviour in 17 countries across 6 continents: levels of cycling, who cycles, for what purpose, and how far?
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Health, environmental and distributional impacts of cycling uptake: The model underlying the Propensity to Cycle tool for England and Wales.
Woodcock, James, Aldred, Rachel, Lovelace, Robin, Strain, Tessa and Goodman, Anna 2021. Health, environmental and distributional impacts of cycling uptake: The model underlying the Propensity to Cycle tool for England and Wales. Journal of Transport & Health. 22 101066. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2021.101066
The Impact of Low Traffic Neighbourhoods on Active Travel, Car Use, and Perceptions of Local Environment during the COVID-19 Pandemic
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The Impact of Introducing a Low Traffic Neighbourhood on Street Crime, in Waltham Forest, London
Goodman, A. and Rachel Aldred 2021. The Impact of Introducing a Low Traffic Neighbourhood on Street Crime, in Waltham Forest, London. Findings. February. https://doi.org/10.32866/001c.19414
How does mode of travel affect risks posed to other road users? An analysis of English road fatality data, incorporating gender and road type
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Impacts of 2020 Low Traffic Neighbourhoods in London on Road Traffic Injuries
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Short-Term Association between the Introduction of 2020 Low Traffic Neighbourhoods and Street Crime, in London, UK
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The Impact of 2020 Low Traffic Neighbourhoods on Fire Service Emergency Response Times, in London, UK
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Association of Infrastructure and Route Environment Factors with Cycling Injury Risk at Intersection and Non-Intersection Locations: A Case-Crossover Study of Britain.
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The Impact of Introducing Low Traffic Neighbourhoods on Road Traffic Injuries
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The Impact of Introducing a Low Traffic Neighbourhood on Fire Service Emergency Response Times, in Waltham Forest, London
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Cycling Injury Risk in London: Impacts of Road Characteristics and Infrastructure
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The Impact of Low Traffic Neighbourhoods and Other Active Travel Interventions on Vehicle Ownership: Findings from the Outer London Mini-Holland Programme
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Low Traffic Neighbourhoods, Car Use, and Active Travel: evidence from the People and Places survey of Outer London active travel interventions
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Built Environment Interventions to Increase Active Travel: a Critical Review and Discussion
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Who caused that congestion? Narrating driving and cycling in a changing policy context
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Scenarios of cycling to school in England, and associated health and carbon impacts: Application of the ‘Propensity to Cycle Tool’
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Evaluating active travel and health economic impacts of small streetscape schemes: An exploratory study in London
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Impacts of an active travel intervention with a cycling focus in a suburban context: One-year findings from an evaluation of London’s in-progress mini-Hollands programme
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Motor traffic on urban minor and major roads: impacts on pedestrian and cyclist injuries
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Barriers to investing in cycling: Stakeholder views from England
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Contextualising Safety in Numbers: a longitudinal investigation into change in cycling safety in Britain, 1991–2001 and 2001–2011
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Cyclists in shared bus lanes: could there be unrecognised impacts on bus journey times?
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Estimating city-level travel patterns using street imagery: A case study of using Google Street View in Britain
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Road injuries in the National Travel Survey: under-reporting and inequalities in injury risk
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Inequalities in self-report road injury risk in Britain: A new analysis of National Travel Survey data, focusing on pedestrian injuries
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Cycling injury risk in London: A case-control study exploring the impact of cycle volumes, motor vehicle volumes, and road characteristics including speed limits
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Invisible cyclists? Disabled people and cycle planning–A case study of London
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Predictors of the frequency and subjective experience of cycling near misses: Findings from the first two years of the UK Near Miss Project
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Cycling provision separated from motor traffic: a systematic review exploring whether stated preferences vary by gender and age
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Diversifying and normalising cycling in London, UK: An exploratory study on the influence of infrastructure
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Stakeholders, politics, and media
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The National Propensity to Cycle Tool
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Trends in local newspaper reporting of London cyclist fatalities 1992-2012: the role of the media in shaping the systems dynamics of cycling
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Cycling near misses: their frequency, impact, and prevention
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Reframing safety: An analysis of perceptions of cycle safety clothing
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Geographies of citizenship and everyday (im)mobility
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A matter of utility? Rationalising cycling, cycling rationalities
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Investigating the rates and impacts of near misses and related incidents among UK cyclists
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Does more cycling mean more diversity in cycling?
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Why culture matters for transport policy: the case of cycling in the UK
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The new mobilities paradigm and sustainable transport: : finding synergies and creating new methods
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The Commute
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Cycling and society
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Matter in or out of place? Bicycle parking strategies and their effects on people, practices and places
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Incompetent or too competent? Negotiating everyday cycling identities in a motor dominated society
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Cycling’s sensory strategies: how cyclists mediate their exposure to the urban environment
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Who are 'Londoners on Bikes' and what do they want? Negotiating identity and issue definition in a ‘pop-up’ cycle campaign
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Constructing mobile places between ‘leisure’ and ‘transport’: a case study of two group cycle rides
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The Role of Advocacy and Activism
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Cycling cultures: summary of key findings and recommendations
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Governing transport from welfare state to hollow state: the case of cycling in the UK
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Transitions: becoming a cyclist and cycle trainer in London
Aldred, R. and Kullman, K. 2011. Transitions: becoming a cyclist and cycle trainer in London. London University of East London Sustainable Mobilities Research Group.
Cycling policy in the UK: a historical and thematic overview
Golbuff, L. and Aldred, R. 2011. Cycling policy in the UK: a historical and thematic overview. London University of East London Sustainable Mobilities Research Group.
Green and healthy jobs in transport: launching a new partnership under THE PEP
Woodcock, J. and Aldred, R. 2011. Green and healthy jobs in transport: launching a new partnership under THE PEP. Geneva World Health Organisation.
From community participation to organizational therapy? World cafe and appreciative inquiry as research methods
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Editorial introduction
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Framing scrappage in Germany and the UK: from climate discourse to recession talk?
Aldred, R. and Tepe, D. 2011. Framing scrappage in Germany and the UK: from climate discourse to recession talk? Journal of Transport Geography. 19 (6), pp. 1563-1569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2011.04.008
‘On the outside’: constructing cycling citizenship
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"A potential fifth column”: conflicts and struggles for control in the context of local NHS privatisation
Aldred, R. 2009. "A potential fifth column”: conflicts and struggles for control in the context of local NHS privatisation. Health. 13 (5), pp. 543-561. https://doi.org/10.1177/1363459308336797
The cowardly cyborg
Woodcock, J. and Aldred, R. 2009. The cowardly cyborg. British Medical Journal. 338 (b522). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b522
Ethical and political issues in contemporary research relationships
Aldred, R. 2008. Ethical and political issues in contemporary research relationships. Sociology. 42 (5), pp. 887-903. https://doi.org/10.1177/0038038508094568
Cars, corporations, and commodities: Consequences for the social determinants of health
Woodcock, J. and Aldred, R. 2008. Cars, corporations, and commodities: Consequences for the social determinants of health. Emerging Themes in Epidemiology. 5 4. https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-7622-5-4
Transport: challenging disabling environments
Aldred, R. and Woodcock, J. 2008. Transport: challenging disabling environments. Local Environment. 13 (6), pp. 485-496. https://doi.org/10.1080/13549830802259847
NHS LIFT and the new shape of neoliberal welfare
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Managing risk and regulation within new local ‘health economies’: The case of NHS LIFT (local improvement finance trust)
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