Rachel Aldred, Ersilia Verlinghieri, Megan Sharkey, Irena Itova and Anna Goodman 2021. Equity in new active travel infrastructure: a spatial analysis of London’s new Low Traffic Neighbourhoods. Journal of Transport Geography. 96 103194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2021.103194
| Title | Equity in new active travel infrastructure: a spatial analysis of London’s new Low Traffic Neighbourhoods |
|---|---|
| Type | Journal article |
| Authors | Rachel Aldred, Ersilia Verlinghieri, Megan Sharkey, Irena Itova and Anna Goodman |
| Abstract | In this article we examine equity in new active travel infrastructure in London, UK. We focus on Low Traffic Neighbourhoods (LTNs) introduced during Covid-19. These area-based schemes mainly involve ‘modal filters’ that restrict through motor traffic from residential streets within a neighbourhood. Such approaches to traffic management are traditional in the Netherlands, but are relatively novel in London and other global cities such as Barcelona. LTNs are often controversial, with one criticism being that they are implemented in affluent areas and hence benefit richer residents. London represents an excellent opportunity to investigate whether these rapidly introduced schemes have so far been equitably distributed. We focused on LTNs introduced between March and September 2020 and still present at the end of October 2020. Having generated datasets representing these new LTN locations and their boundary roads, we matched these to Output Areas (OAs, administrative areas containing around 300 residents). We then examined the extent to which LTN implementation was associated with age, ethnicity, disability, employment and car ownership (using Census 2011 data) and small-area deprivation (using the Index of Multiple Deprivation 2019). We estimated that 3.7% of all Londoners live inside a new LTN, and 8.9% live within 500 m walking distance of a new modal filter. Across London as a whole, people in the most deprived quarter of OAs were 2.5 times more likely to live in a new LTN, compared to Londoners in the least deprived quarter. While overall Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) people were slightly more likely than White Londoners to live in a new LTN, this varied by ethnic group. Specifically, Black Londoners were somewhat more likely, and Asian Londoners somewhat less likely than White people to live in a new LTN. Car-free households were more likely to live in a new LTN. We also examined equity within London's districts, which lead on implementation of LTNs. In the median district, people in more deprived areas were more likely to live in an LTN than people in less deprived areas, suggesting that, on average, individual districts have prioritised their more deprived areas. However, in the median district, BAME residents were slightly less likely to live in an LTN than White residents. Across districts implementing LTNs there was wide variation, with some much more or less equitable than others. A third of districts implemented no LTNs at all. Finally, at the micro level, residents living in LTNs were demographically similar to neighbours living in OAs that touched an LTN boundary road. We conclude that LTN implementation has been broadly equitable at the city and micro levels, but the picture is more mixed at the district level, despite districts being encouraged to consider deprivation when planning LTN locations. Equity metrics should be used in policy and research to monitor and improve the distribution of active travel interventions. |
| Article number | 103194 |
| Journal | Journal of Transport Geography |
| Journal citation | 96 |
| ISSN | 0966-6923 |
| Year | 2021 |
| Publisher | Elsevier |
| Publisher's version | License CC BY 4.0 File Access Level Open (open metadata and files) |
| Digital Object Identifier (DOI) | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2021.103194 |
| Web address (URL) | https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/q87fu |
| Publication dates | |
| Published | 26 Feb 2021 |
| Published in print | Oct 2021 |
| Output media | SocArXiv pre-print |
Scales of governance, polycentricity and the case of active travel infrastructure in West London
Greenwood, D., Gerhards, J., Aldred, R. and Fadel, M. 2024. Scales of governance, polycentricity and the case of active travel infrastructure in West London. Public Policy and Administration.
Troubling go-alongs through the lens of care
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The impact of Low Traffic Neighbourhoods in London on the characteristics of people walking, cycling and wheeling: statistical analysis plan
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Old Oak and Park Royal – towards active travel? 2nd edition - Short report
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Old Oak and Park Royal – towards active travel? 2nd edition - Full report
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Sound and fury? The impact of councillors’ LTN positions on voting behaviour in Greater London
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“You always think about what other people be thinking”: Black men and barriers to cycling in London
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In the opposite lane: How Women of Colour experience, negotiate and apply an oppositional gaze to dominant cycling discourses
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The Impact of 2020 Low Traffic Neighbourhoods on Levels of Car/Van Driving among Residents: Findings from Lambeth, London, UK
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Statistical Analysis Plan: Low Traffic Neighbourhoods in London: Interrupted time series analysis of sensor count data
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Old Oak and Park Royal – towards active travel? Full report
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Equity in temporary street closures: The case of London’s Covid-19 ‘School Streets’ schemes
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More than walking and cycling: What is ‘active travel’?
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Rogue drivers, typical cyclists, and tragic pedestrians: a Critical Discourse Analysis of media reporting of fatal road traffic collisions
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Cycling behaviour in 17 countries across 6 continents: levels of cycling, who cycles, for what purpose, and how far?
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Health, environmental and distributional impacts of cycling uptake: The model underlying the Propensity to Cycle tool for England and Wales.
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The Impact of Low Traffic Neighbourhoods on Active Travel, Car Use, and Perceptions of Local Environment during the COVID-19 Pandemic
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The Impact of Introducing a Low Traffic Neighbourhood on Street Crime, in Waltham Forest, London
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How does mode of travel affect risks posed to other road users? An analysis of English road fatality data, incorporating gender and road type
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Short-Term Association between the Introduction of 2020 Low Traffic Neighbourhoods and Street Crime, in London, UK
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The Impact of 2020 Low Traffic Neighbourhoods on Fire Service Emergency Response Times, in London, UK
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The Impact of Introducing Low Traffic Neighbourhoods on Road Traffic Injuries
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The Impact of Introducing a Low Traffic Neighbourhood on Fire Service Emergency Response Times, in Waltham Forest, London
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Built Environment Interventions to Increase Active Travel: a Critical Review and Discussion
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Who caused that congestion? Narrating driving and cycling in a changing policy context
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Scenarios of cycling to school in England, and associated health and carbon impacts: Application of the ‘Propensity to Cycle Tool’
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Barriers to investing in cycling: Stakeholder views from England
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Contextualising Safety in Numbers: a longitudinal investigation into change in cycling safety in Britain, 1991–2001 and 2001–2011
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The National Propensity to Cycle Tool
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Does more cycling mean more diversity in cycling?
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Why culture matters for transport policy: the case of cycling in the UK
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The Commute
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Cycling and society
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Matter in or out of place? Bicycle parking strategies and their effects on people, practices and places
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Incompetent or too competent? Negotiating everyday cycling identities in a motor dominated society
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Cycling’s sensory strategies: how cyclists mediate their exposure to the urban environment
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Who are 'Londoners on Bikes' and what do they want? Negotiating identity and issue definition in a ‘pop-up’ cycle campaign
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Constructing mobile places between ‘leisure’ and ‘transport’: a case study of two group cycle rides
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The Role of Advocacy and Activism
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Cycling cultures: summary of key findings and recommendations
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Governing transport from welfare state to hollow state: the case of cycling in the UK
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Transitions: becoming a cyclist and cycle trainer in London
Aldred, R. and Kullman, K. 2011. Transitions: becoming a cyclist and cycle trainer in London. London University of East London Sustainable Mobilities Research Group.
Cycling policy in the UK: a historical and thematic overview
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Green and healthy jobs in transport: launching a new partnership under THE PEP
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From community participation to organizational therapy? World cafe and appreciative inquiry as research methods
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Editorial introduction
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Framing scrappage in Germany and the UK: from climate discourse to recession talk?
Aldred, R. and Tepe, D. 2011. Framing scrappage in Germany and the UK: from climate discourse to recession talk? Journal of Transport Geography. 19 (6), pp. 1563-1569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2011.04.008
‘On the outside’: constructing cycling citizenship
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"A potential fifth column”: conflicts and struggles for control in the context of local NHS privatisation
Aldred, R. 2009. "A potential fifth column”: conflicts and struggles for control in the context of local NHS privatisation. Health. 13 (5), pp. 543-561. https://doi.org/10.1177/1363459308336797
The cowardly cyborg
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Ethical and political issues in contemporary research relationships
Aldred, R. 2008. Ethical and political issues in contemporary research relationships. Sociology. 42 (5), pp. 887-903. https://doi.org/10.1177/0038038508094568
Cars, corporations, and commodities: Consequences for the social determinants of health
Woodcock, J. and Aldred, R. 2008. Cars, corporations, and commodities: Consequences for the social determinants of health. Emerging Themes in Epidemiology. 5 4. https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-7622-5-4
Transport: challenging disabling environments
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NHS LIFT and the new shape of neoliberal welfare
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