Abstract | Regional competitiveness can be achieved by different setups in the regional innovation system (RIS). Overall, the predominant model emulated by many countries in the world is the liberal, industry-driven model of Silicon Valley. From a Triple Helix perspective, the Silicon Valley model adds value to the innovation ecosystem by leveraging on the weight of private initiative. However, other actors in the Triple Helix can also play an important role in contributing to thriving innovation systems. We present two case studies based on the UK experience, outlining the role that universities play in supporting the development of the local knowledge base to build resilient and sustainable innovation systems. The former case shows how the Triple Helix model can contribute to regional competitiveness through governmental coordination (in the Northern Powerhouse case) and shift into a Quadruple Helix model by enhancing inclusivity. The latter shows how regional competitiveness can be achieved by leveraging on the coordinating role of the local centres of knowledge (in the Midlands Engine case). Key elements to the success of these two different models of coordination are the upgrading of regional learning capabilities and the workforce upskilling. The policy implications deriving from this study suggest policymakers could shape the role of the centres of knowledge in the coordination of regional efforts to apply Knowledge Based Development (KBD) solutions to the development of RIS: (i) a partnering role might be most appropriate to initiatives based on a Quadruple Helix approach and (ii) stronger leadership as primus inter pares may be more suited for initiatives based on a Triple Helix approach. |
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