Bioactivity-guided fractionation of the volatile oil of Angelica sinensis radix designed to preserve the synergistic effects of the mixture followed by identification of the active principles

Yeh, J.C., Garrard, I.J., Cho, C.W.C., Bligh, S.W.A., Lu, G.H., Fan, T.P. and Fisher, D. 2012. Bioactivity-guided fractionation of the volatile oil of Angelica sinensis radix designed to preserve the synergistic effects of the mixture followed by identification of the active principles. Journal of Chromatography A. 1236, pp. 132-138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2012.03.013

TitleBioactivity-guided fractionation of the volatile oil of Angelica sinensis radix designed to preserve the synergistic effects of the mixture followed by identification of the active principles
AuthorsYeh, J.C., Garrard, I.J., Cho, C.W.C., Bligh, S.W.A., Lu, G.H., Fan, T.P. and Fisher, D.
Abstract

In natural product research, it is a common experience that fractionation of biologically-active crude extracts can lead to the loss of their original activity. This is attributed to synergistic effects, where two or more components are required to be present together for full activity of the sample. Our previous study showed that a volatile oil of Angelica sinensis radix (VOAS) inhibited endothelial cell proliferation in culture. Here we have used a bioactivity-guided fractionation method to preserve any synergistic effects of VOAS combining countercurrent chromatography (CCC), the MTS cell viability assay and gas chromatography (GC). Using a two-phase CCC solvent system (heptane–ethyl acetate–methanol–water at a volume ratio of 27:23:27:23%), forty-five fractions were isolated, nine of which exhibited anti-endothelial properties. GC analysis showed two bioactive alkylphthalides, Z-ligustilide and n-butylidenephthalide (BP) were the major compounds detected in the bioactive fractions, and were absent in non-bioactive fractions. Our results indicate that Z-ligustilide and BP are the main constituents responsible for the anti-endothelial properties of VOAS. This rapid and reliable approach in preserving sample activity while isolating and identifying its active compounds suggests that this protocol can be a powerful tool for drug discovery from natural products.

JournalJournal of Chromatography A
Journal citation1236, pp. 132-138
ISSN0021-9673
Year04 May 2012
PublisherElsevier
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2012.03.013
Publication dates
Published04 May 2012

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Wang, Y., Kong, L., Lei, X., Hu, L., Zou, H., Welbeck, E., Bligh, S.W.A. and Wang, Z. 2009. Comprehensive two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography system with immobilized liposome chromatography column and reversed-phase column for separation of complex traditional Chinese medicine Longdan Xiegan Decoction. Journal of Chromatography A. 1216 (11), pp. 2185-2191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2008.05.074

Preparation and characterization of medicated PAN/PVP composite fibers for better drug release profiles
Yu, D.G., Shen, X.X., Zhu, L.M., Branford-White, C.J., Bligh, S.W.A. and Yang, Y.C. 2009. Preparation and characterization of medicated PAN/PVP composite fibers for better drug release profiles. in: ICBBE 2009: 3rd international conference on bioinformatics and biomedical engineering IEEE .

Oral fast-dissolving drug delivery membranes prepared from electrospun polyvinylpyrrolidone ultrafine fibers
Yu, D.G., Shen, X.X., Branford-White, C.J., White, K.N., Zhu, L.M. and Bligh, S.W.A. 2009. Oral fast-dissolving drug delivery membranes prepared from electrospun polyvinylpyrrolidone ultrafine fibers. Nanotechnology. 20 (5), p. 055104. https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/20/5/055104

Presentation of the beta-carboxamidophosphonate arrangement in substrate structures targeting HIV-1 PR
Wardle, N.J., Hudson, H.R., Matthews, R.W., Nunn, C., Vella, C. and Bligh, S.W.A. 2009. Presentation of the beta-carboxamidophosphonate arrangement in substrate structures targeting HIV-1 PR. Letters in Drug Design and Discovery. 6, pp. 139-145.

Cytotoxic sesquiterpenes from Ligularia platyglossa
Liu, J.Q., Zhang, M., Zhang, C.-F., Qi, H.Y., Bashall, A., Bligh, S.W.A. and Wang, Z. 2008. Cytotoxic sesquiterpenes from Ligularia platyglossa. Phytochemistry. 69 (11), pp. 2231-2236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2008.05.018

Characterization of fifty-one flavonoids in a Chinese herbal prescription Longdan Xiegan Decoction by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry and photodiode array detection
Wang, Y., Yang, L., He, Y.Q., Wang, C.-H., Welbeck, E., Bligh, S.W.A. and Wang, Z. 2008. Characterization of fifty-one flavonoids in a Chinese herbal prescription Longdan Xiegan Decoction by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry and photodiode array detection. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry. 22 (12), pp. 1767-1778. https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.3536

High performance liquid chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometric analysis for metabolites of isoline in rat urine and bile
Zhang, F., Zhong, D.F., Wang, C.-H., Bligh, S.W.A. and Wang, Z. 2008. High performance liquid chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometric analysis for metabolites of isoline in rat urine and bile. Drug Metabolism Reviews. 40, p. 216.

Quantitative analysis by HPLC-MS2 of the pyrrolizidine alkaloid adonifoline in Senecio scandens
Zhang, F., Wang, C.-H., Wang, W., Chen, L.X., Ma, H.Y., Zhang, C.-F., Zhang, M., Bligh, S.W.A. and Wang, Z. 2008. Quantitative analysis by HPLC-MS2 of the pyrrolizidine alkaloid adonifoline in Senecio scandens. Phytochemical Analysis. 19 (1), pp. 25-31. https://doi.org/10.1002/pca.1009

Organophosphorus compounds: intervention in mechanisms of signal transduction relevant to proliferative, immunological and circulatory disorders
Wardle, N.J., Bligh, S.W.A. and Hudson, H.R. 2008. Organophosphorus compounds: intervention in mechanisms of signal transduction relevant to proliferative, immunological and circulatory disorders. Current Medicinal Chemistry. 15, pp. 2230-2257.

Sulfated beta-glucan derived from oat bran with potent anti-HIV activity
Wang, S.C., Bligh, S.W.A., Zhu, C.L., Shi, S.S., Wang, Z., Hu, Z.B., Crowder, J., Branford-White, C.J. and Vella, C. 2008. Sulfated beta-glucan derived from oat bran with potent anti-HIV activity. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 56 (8), pp. 2624-2629. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf072888h

Quantitative analysis of total retronecine esters-type pyrrolizidine alkaloids in plant by high performance liquid chromatography
Zhang, F., Wang, C.-H., Xiong, A., Wang, W., Yang, L., Branford-White, C.J., Wang, Z. and Bligh, S.W.A. 2007. Quantitative analysis of total retronecine esters-type pyrrolizidine alkaloids in plant by high performance liquid chromatography. Analytica Chimica Acta. 605 (1), pp. 94-101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2007.10.021

Biological fingerprinting analysis of the traditional Chinese prescription Longdan Xiegan Decoction by on/off-line comprehensive two-dimensional biochromatography
Wang, Y., Kong, L., Hu, L., Lei, X., Yang, L., Chou, G.-X., Zou, H., Wang, C.-H., Bligh, S.W.A. and Wang, Z. 2007. Biological fingerprinting analysis of the traditional Chinese prescription Longdan Xiegan Decoction by on/off-line comprehensive two-dimensional biochromatography. Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications. 860 (2), pp. 185-194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.10.027

Structural features and anti-HIV-1 activity of novel polysaccharides from red algae Grateloupia longifolia and Grateloupia filicina
Wang, S.C., Bligh, S.W.A., Shi, S.S., Wang, Z., Hu, Z.B., Crowder, J., Branford-White, C.J. and Vella, C. 2007. Structural features and anti-HIV-1 activity of novel polysaccharides from red algae Grateloupia longifolia and Grateloupia filicina. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 41 (4), pp. 369-375. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2007.05.008

Pharmacokinetic behavior of gentiopicroside from decoction of radix gentianae, gentiana macrophylla after oral administration in rats: a pharmacokinetic comaprison with gentiopicroside after oral and intravenous administration alone
Wang, C.-H., Cheng, X.M., He, Y.Q., White, K.N., Bligh, S.W.A., Branford-White, C.J. and Wang, Z. 2007. Pharmacokinetic behavior of gentiopicroside from decoction of radix gentianae, gentiana macrophylla after oral administration in rats: a pharmacokinetic comaprison with gentiopicroside after oral and intravenous administration alone. Archives of pharmacal research. 30 (9), pp. 1149-1154. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02980251

Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of gentiopicroside from decoctions of Gentianae and Longdan Xiegan Tang after oral administration in rats: comparison with gentiopicroside alone
Wang, C.-H., Cheng, X.M., Bligh, S.W.A., White, K.N., Branford-White, C.J. and Wang, Z. 2007. Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of gentiopicroside from decoctions of Gentianae and Longdan Xiegan Tang after oral administration in rats: comparison with gentiopicroside alone. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis. 44 (5), pp. 1113-1117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2007.04.036

Synthesis of a novel ‘smart’ bifunctional chelating agent 1-(2-[β,d-galactopyranosyloxy]ethyl)-7-(1-carboxy-3-[4-aminophenyl]propyl)-4,10-bis(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (Gal-PA-DO3A-NH2) and its Gd(III) complex
Wardle, N.J., Herlihy, A.H., So, P.W., Bell, J.D. and Bligh, S.W.A. 2007. Synthesis of a novel ‘smart’ bifunctional chelating agent 1-(2-[β,d-galactopyranosyloxy]ethyl)-7-(1-carboxy-3-[4-aminophenyl]propyl)-4,10-bis(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (Gal-PA-DO3A-NH2) and its Gd(III) complex. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry. 15 (14), pp. 4714-4721. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2007.05.004

High-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for the simultaneous analysis of cis-, trans- and dihydro-2-glucosyloxycinnamic acid derivatives from Dendrobium medicinal plants
Yang, L., Nakamura, N., Hattori, M., Wang, Z., Bligh, S.W.A. and Xu, L. 2007. High-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for the simultaneous analysis of cis-, trans- and dihydro-2-glucosyloxycinnamic acid derivatives from Dendrobium medicinal plants. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry. 21 (12), pp. 1833-1840. https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.3025

ω-Phosphinyl-α-amino acids: synthesis, and development towards use as therapeutic agents
Wardle, N.J., Bligh, S.W.A. and Hudson, H.R. 2007. ω-Phosphinyl-α-amino acids: synthesis, and development towards use as therapeutic agents. Current Organic Chemistry. 11 (18), pp. 1635-1651. https://doi.org/10.2174/138527207783221200

Synthesis and spectral investigation of manganese(II), cadmium(II) and oxovanadium(IV) complexes with 2,6-diacetylpyridine bis(2-aminobenzoylhydrazone): crystal structure of manganese(II) and cadmium(II) complexes
Gudasi, K.B., Patil, S., Vadavi, R.S., Shenoy, R.V., Nethaji, M. and Bligh, S.W.A. 2006. Synthesis and spectral investigation of manganese(II), cadmium(II) and oxovanadium(IV) complexes with 2,6-diacetylpyridine bis(2-aminobenzoylhydrazone): crystal structure of manganese(II) and cadmium(II) complexes. Inorganica Chimica Acta. 359 (10), pp. 3229-3236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ica.2006.03.009

A new phenanthrene with a spirolactone from Dendrobium chrysanthum and its anti-inflammatory activities
Yang, L., Qin, L.H., Bligh, S.W.A., Bashall, A., Zhang, C.-F., Zhang, M., Wang, Z. and Xu, L. 2006. A new phenanthrene with a spirolactone from Dendrobium chrysanthum and its anti-inflammatory activities. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry. 14 (10), pp. 3496-3501. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2006.01.004

Phytoestrogen levels in selected Jamaican food
Simon, G., McFarlane-Anderson, N., Fletcher, H., Golden, K., Wharfe, G., Ogegbo, O., Bligh, S.W.A. and Branford-White, C.J. 2006. Phytoestrogen levels in selected Jamaican food. West Indian Medical Journal. 55, p. 24.

Organophosphorus chemistry: therapeutic intervention in mechanisms of viral and cellular replication
Wardle, N.J., Bligh, S.W.A. and Hudson, H.R. 2005. Organophosphorus chemistry: therapeutic intervention in mechanisms of viral and cellular replication. Current Organic Chemistry. 9 (18), pp. 1803-1828. https://doi.org/10.2174/138527205774913123

Multiflorane triterpene esters from the seeds of Trichosanthes kirilowii
Wu, T., Cheng, X.M., Bligh, S.W.A., Chou, G.-X., Wang, Z., Bashall, A. and Branford-White, C.J. 2005. Multiflorane triterpene esters from the seeds of Trichosanthes kirilowii. Helvetica Chimica Acta. 88 (10), pp. 2617-2623. https://doi.org/10.1002/hlca.200590202

Bi-bicyclic and bi-tricyclic compounds from Dendrobium thyrsiflorum
Zhang, G.N., Zhong, L.Y., Bligh, S.W.A., Guo, Y.L., Zhang, C.-F., Zhang, M., Wang, Z. and Xu, L. 2005. Bi-bicyclic and bi-tricyclic compounds from Dendrobium thyrsiflorum. Phytochemistry. 66 (10), pp. 1113-1120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2005.04.001

Simultaneous determination of six isoflavonoids in commercial Radix Astragali by HPLC-UV
Wu, T., Bligh, S.W.A., Gu, L.-H., Wang, Z., Liu, H.P., Cheng, X.M., Branford-White, C.J. and Hu, Z.B. 2005. Simultaneous determination of six isoflavonoids in commercial Radix Astragali by HPLC-UV. Fitoterapia. 76 (2), pp. 157-165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2004.11.006

Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of gentiopicroside following oral and intravenous administration in mice
Wang, C.-H., Wang, Z., Bligh, S.W.A., White, K.N. and Branford-White, C.J. 2004. Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of gentiopicroside following oral and intravenous administration in mice. European Journal of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics. 29 (3), pp. 199-203. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03190598

Taraxer-14-en-3β-ol, an anti-inflammatory compound from Sterculia foetida L.
Naik, D.G., Mujumdar, A.M., Waghole, R.J., Misar, A.V., Bligh, S.W.A., Bashall, A. and Crowder, J. 2004. Taraxer-14-en-3β-ol, an anti-inflammatory compound from Sterculia foetida L. Planta Medica. 70 (1), pp. 68-69. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2004-815459

cis-Eudesmane Sesquiterpene Glycosides from Liriope muscari and Ophiopogon japonicus
Cheng, Z.H., Wu, T., Bligh, S.W.A., Bashall, A. and Yu, B.Y. 2004. cis-Eudesmane Sesquiterpene Glycosides from Liriope muscari and Ophiopogon japonicus. Journal of Natural Products. 67 (10), pp. 1761-1763. https://doi.org/10.1021/np049864e

Fluorescence properties of green fluorescent protein FRET pairs concatenated with the small G protein, Rac, and its interacting domain of the kinase, p21-activated kinase
Collinson, A.D., Bligh, S.W.A., Graham, D.L., Mott, H.R., Chalk, P.A., Korniotis, N. and Lowe, P.N. 2004. Fluorescence properties of green fluorescent protein FRET pairs concatenated with the small G protein, Rac, and its interacting domain of the kinase, p21-activated kinase. Assay and Drug Development Technologies. 2 (6), pp. 659-673. https://doi.org/10.1089/adt.2004.2.659

Measurement of dissociation constants of inhibitors binding to Src SH2 domain protein by non-covalent electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Bligh, S.W.A., Haley, T. and Lowe, P.N. 2003. Measurement of dissociation constants of inhibitors binding to Src SH2 domain protein by non-covalent electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Journal of Molecular Recognition. 16 (3), pp. 139-148. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmr.622

Reaction of (C-(6-aminomethyl-pyridin-2-yl)methylamine)chloroplatinum(II) with nucleosides and its biological activity
Bligh, S.W.A., Bashall, A., Garrud, C., McPartlin, M., Wardle, N.J., White, K.N., Padhye, S., Barve, V. and Kundu, G. 2003. Reaction of (C-(6-aminomethyl-pyridin-2-yl)methylamine)chloroplatinum(II) with nucleosides and its biological activity. Dalton Transactions. 2003 (2), pp. 184-188. https://doi.org/10.1039/B208790A

How chemistry brought me to the life-sciences interface
Bligh, S.W.A. 2003. How chemistry brought me to the life-sciences interface. Science.

IUPAC-NIST solubility data series. 76. Solubility of ethyne in liquids
Fogg, P.G.T., Bligh, S.W.A., Derrick, M.E., Yampol’skii, Y.P., Clever, H.L., Skrzecz, A. and Young, C.L. 2001. IUPAC-NIST solubility data series. 76. Solubility of ethyne in liquids. Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data. 30 (6), pp. 1693-1875. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1397768

Dimeric yttrium(III) and neodymium(III) macrocyclic complexes: potential catalysts for hydrolysis of double-stranded DNA
Bligh, S.W.A., Choi, N., Evagorou, E.G., McPartlin, M. and White, K.N. 2001. Dimeric yttrium(III) and neodymium(III) macrocyclic complexes: potential catalysts for hydrolysis of double-stranded DNA. Journal of the Chemical Society, Dalton Transactions. 2001 (21), pp. 3169-3172. https://doi.org/10.1039/B102533N

Characterization of 111In3+ complexes of DTPA amide derivatives: biodistribution and clearance studied by gamma imaging
Prata, M.I.M., Santos, A.C., Bligh, S.W.A., Chowdhury, A.H.M.S., Geraldes, C.F.G.C. and de Lima, J.J.P. 2000. Characterization of 111In3+ complexes of DTPA amide derivatives: biodistribution and clearance studied by gamma imaging. Nuclear Medicine and Biology. 27 (6), pp. 605-610. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0969-8051(00)00127-X

Synthesis and structural properties of metal complexes of dialkyl α-hydroxyiminophosphonates
Bligh, S.W.A., Choi, N., McGrath, C.M., McPartlin, M. and Woodroffe, T.M. 2000. Synthesis and structural properties of metal complexes of dialkyl α-hydroxyiminophosphonates. Journal of the Chemical Society, Dalton Transactions. 2000 (15), pp. 2587-2594. https://doi.org/10.1039/B003241G

Non-ionic bulky Gd(III) DTPA-bisamide complexes as potential contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging
Bligh, S.W.A., Chowdhury, A.H.M.S., Kennedy, D., Luchinat, C. and Parigi, G. 1999. Non-ionic bulky Gd(III) DTPA-bisamide complexes as potential contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. 41 (4), pp. 767-773. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1522-2594(199904)41:4<767::AID-MRM16>3.0.CO;2-G

Synthesis of novel α-functionalized phosphinic acid derivatives of thiophene and the first crystal structure of an α-hydroxyalkylphosphinate
Bligh, S.W.A., McPartlin, M., Sanganee, M.J., Woodroffe, T.M. and Geraldes, C.F.G.C. 1998. Synthesis of novel α-functionalized phosphinic acid derivatives of thiophene and the first crystal structure of an α-hydroxyalkylphosphinate. Chemical Communications. 1998 (19), pp. 2073-2074. https://doi.org/10.1039/A805189E

A gadolinium cryptate with two coordinated water molecules
Bligh, S.W.A., Drew, M.G.B., Martin, N., Maubert, B. and Nelson, J. 1998. A gadolinium cryptate with two coordinated water molecules. Journal of the Chemical Society, Dalton Transactions. 1998 (22), pp. 3711-3714. https://doi.org/10.1039/A805859H

A novel hexaaza macrocycle with methylenephosphonate pendant arms: a potential useful chelate for biomedical applications
Bligh, S.W.A., Choi, N., Geraldes, C.F.G.C., Knoke, S., McPartlin, M., Sanganee, M.J. and Woodroffe, T.M. 1997. A novel hexaaza macrocycle with methylenephosphonate pendant arms: a potential useful chelate for biomedical applications. Journal of the Chemical Society, Dalton Transactions. 1997 (21), pp. 4119-4126. https://doi.org/10.1039/A703678G

Hexaaza and octaaza macrocycles with 2-hydroxy 3,5-dimethylbenzyl pendant arms
Bligh, S.W.A., Choi, N., Evagorou, E.G. and McPartlin, M. 1997. Hexaaza and octaaza macrocycles with 2-hydroxy 3,5-dimethylbenzyl pendant arms. Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions. 1997 (21), pp. 3151-3156. https://doi.org/10.1039/A704835A

α-aminophosphonate monoesters in one step
Bligh, S.W.A., McGrath, C.M., Failla, S. and Finocchiaro, P. 1996. α-aminophosphonate monoesters in one step. Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements. 118 (1), pp. 189-194. https://doi.org/10.1080/10426509608038811

Lanthanide and transition metal complexes of dialkyl alpha-hydroxyiminophosphonates
Bligh, S.W.A., Choi, N., Green, D.S.C., Hudson, H.R., McGrath, C.M., McPartlin, M. and Pianka, M. 1996. Lanthanide and transition metal complexes of dialkyl alpha-hydroxyiminophosphonates. Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements. 111 (1-4), p. 49. https://doi.org/10.1080/10426509608054678

Neutral gadolinium(III) complexes of bulky octadentate dtpa derivatives as potential contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging
Bligh, S.W.A., Chowdhury, A.H.M.S., McPartlin, M. and Scowen, I.J. 1995. Neutral gadolinium(III) complexes of bulky octadentate dtpa derivatives as potential contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging. Polyhedron. 14 (4), pp. 567-569. https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-5387(94)00318-9

Teaching techniques in inorganic chemistry
Bligh, S.W.A., Conole, G. and McPartlin, M. 1995. Teaching techniques in inorganic chemistry. in: Variety in Chemistry Proceedings UK Physical Sciences Centre.

Synthesis, characterization and comparative study of aminophosphonate chelates of gadolinium(III) ions as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents
Bligh, S.W.A., Harding, C.T., McEwen, A.B. and Sadler, P.J. 1994. Synthesis, characterization and comparative study of aminophosphonate chelates of gadolinium(III) ions as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents. Polyhedron. 13 (12), pp. 1937-1943. https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-5387(94)80018-9

Synthesis of the first lanthanide complexes of dialkyl α-hydroxyiminophosphonates; ambivalent ligand bonding in the PrIII and NdIII complexes of diisopropyl α-hydroxyiminopropylphosphonate (L1), [PrL13Cl3] and [NdL12(NO3)3(H2O)]
Bligh, S.W.A., Choi, N., Hudson, H.R., McGrath, C.M. and McPartlin, M. 1994. Synthesis of the first lanthanide complexes of dialkyl α-hydroxyiminophosphonates; ambivalent ligand bonding in the PrIII and NdIII complexes of diisopropyl α-hydroxyiminopropylphosphonate (L1), [PrL13Cl3] and [NdL12(NO3)3(H2O)]. Journal of the Chemical Society, Dalton Transactions. 1994 (15), pp. 2335-2337. https://doi.org/10.1039/DT9940002335

First structural characterisation of an amino phosphonate monoester metal complex
Bligh, S.W.A., Choi, N., Failla, S., Finocchiaro, P., Il'yasov, A., Libertini, M., McGrath, C.M., McPartlin, M. and Woodroffe, T.M. 1994. First structural characterisation of an amino phosphonate monoester metal complex. Journal of the Chemical Society, Dalton Transactions. 1994 (22), pp. 3333-3334. https://doi.org/10.1039/DT9940003333

Metal-ion controlled helicity of an 18-membered hexaaza tetraamine macrocycle
Bligh, S.W.A., Choi, N., Evagorou, E.G., Li, W.S. and McPartlin, M. 1994. Metal-ion controlled helicity of an 18-membered hexaaza tetraamine macrocycle. Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications. 1994 (20), pp. 2399-2400. https://doi.org/10.1039/C39940002399

Yttrium(III) and lanthanide(III) metal complexes of an 18-membered hexaaza tetraimine macrocycle. Crystal structure of the gadolinium(III) complex
Bligh, S.W.A., Choi, N., Cummins, W.J., Evagorou, E.G., Kelly, J.D. and McPartlin, M. 1994. Yttrium(III) and lanthanide(III) metal complexes of an 18-membered hexaaza tetraimine macrocycle. Crystal structure of the gadolinium(III) complex. Journal of the Chemical Society, Dalton Transactions. 1994 (23), pp. 3369-3376. https://doi.org/10.1039/DT9940003369

Transition metal complexes of dialkyl α-hydroxyiminophosphonates, a novel class of metal complexes
Bligh, S.W.A., Choi, N., Green, D.S.C., Hudson, H.R., McGrath, C.M., McPartlin, M. and Pianka, M. 1993. Transition metal complexes of dialkyl α-hydroxyiminophosphonates, a novel class of metal complexes. Polyhedron. 12 (23), pp. 2887-2890. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-5387(00)80073-X

Macrocyclic lanthanide complexes as potential contrast agents for NMR imaging
Bligh, S.W.A., Choi, N., Cummins, W.J., Evagorou, E.G., Kelly, J.D., McPartlin, M. and Parkes, H.G. 1993. Macrocyclic lanthanide complexes as potential contrast agents for NMR imaging. Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry. 51 (1-2), p. 438. https://doi.org/10.1016/0162-0134(93)85467-M

Synthesis and crystal structure of a novel hexaaza macrocyclic ligand with 2-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylbenzyl pendant arms and its gadolinium(III) complex
Bligh, S.W.A., Choi, N., Cummins, W.J., Evagorou, E.G., Kelly, J.D. and McPartlin, M. 1993. Synthesis and crystal structure of a novel hexaaza macrocyclic ligand with 2-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylbenzyl pendant arms and its gadolinium(III) complex. Journal of the Chemical Society, Dalton Transactions. 1993 (24), pp. 3829-3831. https://doi.org/10.1039/DT9930003829

Distortional isomerism in oxomolybdenum systems: the evidence re-evaluated
Bashall, A., Bligh, S.W.A., Edwards, A.J., McPartlin, M., Gibson, V.C. and Robinson, O.B. 1992. Distortional isomerism in oxomolybdenum systems: the evidence re-evaluated. Angewandte Chemie: International Edition in English. 31 (12), pp. 1607-1609. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.199216071

Synthesis and crystal structure of a gadolinium(III) complex of a tetraimine schiff-base macrocycle: a potential contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging
Bligh, S.W.A., Choi, N., Evagorou, E.G., McPartlin, M., Cummins, W.J. and Kelly, J.D. 1992. Synthesis and crystal structure of a gadolinium(III) complex of a tetraimine schiff-base macrocycle: a potential contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging. Polyhedron. 11 (19), pp. 2571-2573. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-5387(00)83580-9

H-1-Nmr studies of reactions of copper complexes with human blood plasma and urine
Bligh, S.W.A., Boyle, H.A., McEwen, A.B., Sadler, P.J. and Woodham, R.H. 1992. H-1-Nmr studies of reactions of copper complexes with human blood plasma and urine. Biochemical Pharmacology. 43 (2), pp. 137-145. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-2952(92)90270-S

Use of paramagnetic chelated metal derivatives of polysaccharides and spin-labeled polysaccharides as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging
Bligh, S.W.A., Harding, C.T., Sadler, P.J., Bulman, R.A., Bydder, G.M., Pennock, J.M., Kelly, J.D., Clatham, I.A. and Marriott, J.A. 1991. Use of paramagnetic chelated metal derivatives of polysaccharides and spin-labeled polysaccharides as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. 17 (2), pp. 516-532. https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.1910170222

Nuclear magnetic resonance and circular dichroism spectroscopic studies of copper complexation in blood plasma
Bligh, S.W.A., Drake, A.F. and Sadler, P.J. 1990. Nuclear magnetic resonance and circular dichroism spectroscopic studies of copper complexation in blood plasma. Biochemical Society Transactions. 18, pp. 999-1000. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0180999

Ultraviolet and magnetic-circular-diochroic spectroscopic studies of Gd(III) complexed with diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid
Bligh, S.W.A., Drake, A.F. and Sadler, P.J. 1989. Ultraviolet and magnetic-circular-diochroic spectroscopic studies of Gd(III) complexed with diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid. European Journal of Biochemistry. 181 (1), pp. 223-224. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1432-1033.1989.tb14714.x

Characterization and invivo distribution of Tc-99m-labeled and In-111-labelled magnetite
Bligh, S.W.A., Sadler, P.J., Marriott, J.A., Latham, I.A. and Kelly, J.D. 1989. Characterization and invivo distribution of Tc-99m-labeled and In-111-labelled magnetite. Applied Radiation and Isotopes. 40, pp. 751-757.

Labels and contrast agents in biomedical magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging
Bligh, S.W.A. and Sadler, P.J. 1989. Labels and contrast agents in biomedical magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging. in: Dykes, J. and Delpy, D.T. (ed.) Clinical NMR spectroscopy York, England The Institute of Physical Sciences in Medicine. pp. 77-81

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