The Hepatoprotective Properties of Gentiopicroside, Sweroside, and Swertiamarin Against Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD)

Boateng, A., Patel, V. B. and Bligh, S.W.A. 2025. The Hepatoprotective Properties of Gentiopicroside, Sweroside, and Swertiamarin Against Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD). biomolecules. 15 (5) 726. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom15050726

TitleThe Hepatoprotective Properties of Gentiopicroside, Sweroside, and Swertiamarin Against Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD)
TypeJournal article
AuthorsBoateng, A., Patel, V. B. and Bligh, S.W.A.
Abstract

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a metabolic disease characterised by the accumulation of fat in the liver. It is estimated that 30–38% of the world’s adult population have MASLD, making it the most prevalent global chronic liver disease. Due to a lack of a therapy for MASLD, treatment has been mainly focussed on managing the conditions associated with the disease such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidaemia. This study aimed to investigate the role played by Gentiana phytochemicals including the following: gentiopicroside, sweroside, and swertiamarin, in promoting hepatocyte protection against the cytotoxic effects of fatty acids. Gentiana species such as lutea, macrophylla, rigescens, and scabra are known to protect and enhance hepatocyte viability via their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and bitter components including the following: amarogentin gentianine, iso-orientin, swertiamarin, gentiopicroside, and sweroside. In this study, HepG2 cells pre-treated with phytochemicals gentiopicroside, sweroside, swertiamarin, and silymarin followed by an exposure to arachidonic acid (10, 30, 50 and 80 µM) were assessed for cell viability via MTT, mitochondrial function via seahorse assay, ROS levels via DCF assay, and annexin V-FITC for apoptosis. THLE-2 cells were also assayed for validation. The phytochemicals tested improved ATP production notably gentiopicroside, which improved ATP production by over 60% compared to untreated hepatocytes. Significant hepatocyte protection against lipotoxicity leading to apoptosis was also observed in gentiopicroside in the presence of 30 µM arachidonic acid with apoptosis reduced by over 50%. ROS production was reduced up to 60% by the pre-treatment of HepG2 cells with 20 µM, gentiopicroside, sweroside, swertiamarin, and silymarin, with the highest reduction observed in swertiamarin. It was concluded that phytochemicals gentiopicroside, sweroside, and swertiamarin play key roles in the hepatocyte protection against the cytotoxic effects of fatty acids. This protection is conferred by enhancing mitochondrial function in terms of increasing the maximal respiratory capacity in response to a high influx of fatty acids, promoting ATP production as well as scavenging ROS produced as a result of high fatty acid influx and increased mitochondrial respiration. Highlights: Gentiopicroside may minimise lipotoxicity leading to apoptosis and necrosis in hepatocytes in the presence of arachidonic acid. A pre-treatment of hepatocytes with phytochemicals, namely gentiopicroside, sweroside, and silymarin provides a degree of protection which may be attributed to the enhancement of mitochondrial function. Sweroside, silymarin, and swertiamarin may protect HepG2 and THLE-2 cells by scavenging ROS produced by arachidonic acid and the mitochondrial electron transport chain.

Keywordsgentiopicroside
sweroside
swertiamarin
silymarin
hepatoprotective
phytochemicals
Article number726
Journalbiomolecules
Journal citation15 (5)
ISSN2218-273X
Year2025
PublisherMDPI
Publisher's version
License
CC BY 4.0
File Access Level
Open (open metadata and files)
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.3390/biom15050726
Publication dates
Published16 May 2025

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Characterization of metabolites of sweroside in rat urine using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography combined with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy
Han, H., Zeng, W., He, C., Bligh, S.W.A., Liu, Q., Yang, L. and Wang, Z. 2014. Characterization of metabolites of sweroside in rat urine using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography combined with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. Journal of Mass Spectrometry. 49 (11), pp. 1108-1116. https://doi.org/10.1002/jms.3429

Enhanced replication of R5 HIV-1 isolates in vitro by a small-molecule reagent targeting HIV-1 protease
Wardle, N.J., Hudson, H.R., Matthews, R.W., Nunn, C., Vella, C. and Bligh, S.W.A. 2013. Enhanced replication of R5 HIV-1 isolates in vitro by a small-molecule reagent targeting HIV-1 protease. ChemMedChem. 8 (5), pp. 719-721. https://doi.org/10.1002/cmdc.201300051

Hepcidin transcription and peptide secretion are governed by different regulatory mechanisms
Mehta, K., Patel, V., Busbridge, M., Renshaw, D., Zariwala, M., Evans, R. and Farnaud, S. 2013. Hepcidin transcription and peptide secretion are governed by different regulatory mechanisms. Fifth Congress of the International BioIron Society (IBIS), Biennial World Meeting. University College London 14 - 18 Apr 2013 Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajh.23453

Dual drug release nanocomposites prepared using a combination of electrospraying and electrospinning
Yu, D.G., Williams, G.R., Wang, X., Liu, X.-K., Li, H.L. and Bligh, S.W.A. 2013. Dual drug release nanocomposites prepared using a combination of electrospraying and electrospinning. RSC Advances. 2013 (3), pp. 4652-4658. https://doi.org/10.1039/C3RA40334C

Coaxial electrospinning using a concentric Teflon spinneret to prepare biphasic-release nanofibers of helicid
Yu, D.G., Liu, F., Cui, L., Liu, Z., Wang, X. and Bligh, S.W.A. 2013. Coaxial electrospinning using a concentric Teflon spinneret to prepare biphasic-release nanofibers of helicid. RSC Advances. OnlineFirst. https://doi.org/10.1039/C3RA43222J

Interlinking diet, nutrition, menopause and recommended resources
Rajendram, R., Rajendram, R., Patel, V. and Preedy, V.R. 2013. Interlinking diet, nutrition, menopause and recommended resources. in: Hollins Martin, C.J., Watson, R.R. and Preedy, V.R. (ed.) Nutrition and diet in menopause Springer. pp. 451-456

Effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza on antioxidant enzymes in diabetic patients
Quan, Q., Quan, S. and Patel, V. 2013. Effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza on antioxidant enzymes in diabetic patients. in: Preedy, V.R. (ed.) Diabetes: oxidative stress and dietary antioxidants Academic Press. pp. 79-87

Hepcidin transcription and peptide secretion are governed by different regulatory mechanisms
Mehta, K., Patel, V., Busbridge Mark, Renshaw, D., Zariwala, M.G., Evans, R. and Farnaud, S. 2013. Hepcidin transcription and peptide secretion are governed by different regulatory mechanisms. American Journal of Hematology. 88, p. E55.

The role of cancer stem cells in osteosarcoma
Jenks, A., Smith, C.L., Patel, V. and Clements, M.O. 2013. The role of cancer stem cells in osteosarcoma. International society for stem cell research conference. Boston (Massachusetts, USA) June 12 – 15 2013

Damaging effect of free fatty acids and alcohol on hepatic mitochondrial function
Gyamfi, D., Clemens, D.L. and Patel, V. 2013. Damaging effect of free fatty acids and alcohol on hepatic mitochondrial function. Alcohol & Alcoholism. 48, pp. i48-i50.

Sensitized terbium(III) macrocyclic-phthalimide complexes as luminescent pH switches
Chen, G., Wardle, N.J., Sarris, J.L., Chatterton, N.P. and Bligh, S.W.A. 2013. Sensitized terbium(III) macrocyclic-phthalimide complexes as luminescent pH switches. Dalton Transactions. OnlineFirst. https://doi.org/10.1039/C3DT51236C

Evaluation of behavioural and gastrointestinal symptoms in autistic children after visceral osteopathic treatment
Castellarin, I.B., Drysdale, I. and Patel, V. 2013. Evaluation of behavioural and gastrointestinal symptoms in autistic children after visceral osteopathic treatment. International Journal of Osteopathy. 16, pp. e13-e14.

Flavonoids by HPLC
Bligh, S.W.A., Ogegbo, O. and Wang, Z. 2013. Flavonoids by HPLC. in: Ramawat, K.G. and Merillon, J.M. (ed.) Natural products: phytochemistry, botany and metabolism of alkaloids, phenolics and terpenes Berlin Springer. pp. 2107-2144

Hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction induced by fatty acids and ethanol
Gyamfi, D., Everitt, H.E., Tewfik, I., Clemens, D.L. and Patel, V. 2012. Hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction induced by fatty acids and ethanol. Free Radical Biology & Medicine. 53 (11), pp. 2131-2145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.09.024

Metabolic pathways of the psychotropic-carboline alkaloids, harmaline and harmine, by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy
Zhao, T., Zheng, S.S., Zhang, B.F., Li, Y.Y., Bligh, S.W.A., Wang, C.-H. and Wang, Z. 2012. Metabolic pathways of the psychotropic-carboline alkaloids, harmaline and harmine, by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. Food Chemistry. 134 (2), pp. 1096-1105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.03.024

Chemotaxonomically significant roburic acid from section cruciata of gentiana
Wu, L.H., Bligh, S.W.A., Leon, C., Li, X.S., Wang, Z., Branford-White, C.J. and Simmonds, M.S.J. 2012. Chemotaxonomically significant roburic acid from section cruciata of gentiana. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology. 43, pp. 152-155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2012.03.008

Bioactivity-guided fractionation of the volatile oil of Angelica sinensis radix designed to preserve the synergistic effects of the mixture followed by identification of the active principles
Yeh, J.C., Garrard, I.J., Cho, C.W.C., Bligh, S.W.A., Lu, G.H., Fan, T.P. and Fisher, D. 2012. Bioactivity-guided fractionation of the volatile oil of Angelica sinensis radix designed to preserve the synergistic effects of the mixture followed by identification of the active principles. Journal of Chromatography A. 1236, pp. 132-138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2012.03.013

Simultaneous determination of six alkaloids and one monoterpene in rat plasma by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and pharmacokinetic study after oral administration of a Chinese medicine Wuji Pill
Yuan, J., Wang, Y., An, R., Wang, S., Li, S.J., Jia, J.Y., Bligh, S.W.A., Wang, X.H. and Ma, Y.M. 2012. Simultaneous determination of six alkaloids and one monoterpene in rat plasma by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and pharmacokinetic study after oral administration of a Chinese medicine Wuji Pill. Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications. 895-896, pp. 154-161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.03.036

Evodiamine, a dual catalytic inhibitor of type I and II topoisomerases, exhibits enhanced inhibition against camptothecin resistant cells
Pan, X., Hartley, J.M., Hartley, J.A., White, K.N., Wang, Z. and Bligh, S.W.A. 2012. Evodiamine, a dual catalytic inhibitor of type I and II topoisomerases, exhibits enhanced inhibition against camptothecin resistant cells. Phytomedicine. 19 (7), pp. 618-624. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2012.02.003

Synthesis, characterization and anticancer evaluation of novel tri-arm star shaped 1,3,5-triazine hydrazones
Machakanur, S.S., Patil, B.R., Badiger, D.S., Bakale, R.P., Gudasi, K.B. and Bligh, S.W.A. 2012. Synthesis, characterization and anticancer evaluation of novel tri-arm star shaped 1,3,5-triazine hydrazones. Journal of Molecular Structure. 1011, pp. 121-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2011.12.023

Coaxial electrospinning with sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate solution for high quality polyacrylonitrile nanofibers
Yu, D.G., Williams, G.R., Gao, L.D., Bligh, S.W.A., Yang, J.-H. and Wang, X. 2012. Coaxial electrospinning with sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate solution for high quality polyacrylonitrile nanofibers. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects. 396, pp. 161-168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2011.12.063

Increased transferrin-bound iron uptake in HepG2 cells is followed by an increase in expression of the iron hormone hepcidin pre-and post-translationally
Mehta, K., Patel, V., Busbridge Mark, Renshaw, D., Zariwala, M., Evans, R. and Farnaud, S. 2012. Increased transferrin-bound iron uptake in HepG2 cells is followed by an increase in expression of the iron hormone hepcidin pre-and post-translationally. European Iron Club Annual Meeting 2012. Rennes, France 29 - 31 Aug 2012

Metabolomics of four TCM herbal products: application of HPTLC analysis
Ogegbo, O., Eyob, S., Parmar, S., Wang, Z. and Bligh, S.W.A. 2012. Metabolomics of four TCM herbal products: application of HPTLC analysis. Analytical Methods. 4, pp. 2522-2527. https://doi.org/10.1039/C2AY25373A

Synthesis of novel tri-arm star shaped 1,3,5-triazine hydrazones from 2,4,6-tris(4-acetylphenoxy)-1,3,5-triazine core
Machakanur, S.S., Patil, B.R., Badiger, D.S., Pathan, A.H., Gudasi, K.B. and Bligh, S.W.A. 2012. Synthesis of novel tri-arm star shaped 1,3,5-triazine hydrazones from 2,4,6-tris(4-acetylphenoxy)-1,3,5-triazine core. Letters in Organic Chemistry. 9 (1), pp. 29-34. https://doi.org/10.2174/157017812799304051

N-Heterocyclic dronic acids: applications and synthesis
Hudson, H.R., Wardle, N.J., Bligh, S.W.A., Greiner, I., Grun, A. and Keglevich, G. 2012. N-Heterocyclic dronic acids: applications and synthesis. Minireviews in Medicinal Chemistry. 12, pp. 313-325.

Chinese herbal products in the prevention and treatment of liver disease
Gyamfi, D., Everitt, H.E. and Patel, V. 2012. Chinese herbal products in the prevention and treatment of liver disease. in: Watson, R.R. and Preedy, V.R. (ed.) Bioactive food as dietary interventions for liver and gastrointestinal disease Academic Press. pp. 537-550

Quantification of norisoboldine in Linderae Radix by ultra-performance liquid chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography with UV detection
Chen, J.Z., Chou, G.-X., Yang, L., Bligh, S.W.A. and Wang, Z. 2012. Quantification of norisoboldine in Linderae Radix by ultra-performance liquid chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. Journal of Liquid Chromatography and Related Technologies. 35 (6), pp. 788-797. https://doi.org/10.1080/10826076.2011.608236

A chemically unlocked binary molecular switch
Chen, G., Sarris, J.L., Wardle, N.J., Bligh, S.W.A. and Chatterton, N.P. 2012. A chemically unlocked binary molecular switch. Chemical Communications. 48 (72), pp. 9026-9028. https://doi.org/10.1039/C2CC34425D

Dietary sugars: TLC screening of sugars in urine and blood samples
Alonso-Fernandez, J.R. and Patel, V. 2012. Dietary sugars: TLC screening of sugars in urine and blood samples. in: Preedy, V.R. (ed.) Dietary sugars: chemistry, analysis, function and effects Royal Society of Chemistry. pp. 186-205

Urinary 1H-NMR metabonomics study on intervention effects of soya milk in Africans
Ogegbo, O., Dissanyake, W., Crowder, J., Asekun, O., Familoni, O., Branford-White, C.J. and Bligh, S.W.A. 2012. Urinary 1H-NMR metabonomics study on intervention effects of soya milk in Africans. Phytotherapy Research. 26 (1), pp. 127-135. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.3547

Debrisoquine metabolism and CYP2D expression in marmoset liver microsomes
Cooke, B.R., Bligh, S.W.A., Cybulski, Z.R., Ioannides, C. and Hall, M. 2012. Debrisoquine metabolism and CYP2D expression in marmoset liver microsomes. Drug Metabolism and Disposition. 40 (1), pp. 70-75. https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.111.041566

Identification of metabolites of geniposide in rat urine using ultra-performance liquid chromatography combined with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry
Han, H., Yang, L., Xu, Y., Ding, Y., Bligh, S.W.A., Zhang, T. and Wang, Z. 2011. Identification of metabolites of geniposide in rat urine using ultra-performance liquid chromatography combined with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry. 25 (21), pp. 3339-3350. https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.5216

1H NMR study of monocrotaline and its metabolites in human blood
Yang, Y.C., Crowder, J., Wardle, N.J., Yang, L., White, K.N., Wang, Z. and Bligh, S.W.A. 2011. 1H NMR study of monocrotaline and its metabolites in human blood. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 49 (11), pp. 2793-2799. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2011.07.063

Hexa-arm star shaped hydrazone derivatives from hexakis(4-formylphenoxy)-cyclotriphosphazene core
Patil, B.R., Machakanur, S.S., Badiger, D.S., Hunoor, R.S., Gudasi, K.B., Nethaji, M. and Bligh, S.W.A. 2011. Hexa-arm star shaped hydrazone derivatives from hexakis(4-formylphenoxy)-cyclotriphosphazene core. Journal of Molecular Structure. 1003 (1-3), pp. 52-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2011.07.020

Synthesis and characterisation of a novel tubulin-directed DO3A–colchicine conjugate with potential theranostic features
Wardle, N.J., Kalber, T., Bell, J.D. and Bligh, S.W.A. 2011. Synthesis and characterisation of a novel tubulin-directed DO3A–colchicine conjugate with potential theranostic features. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters. 21 (11), pp. 3346-3348. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.04.014

Improving polymer nanofiber quality using a modified co-axial electrospinning process
Yu, D.G., Branford-White, C.J., Bligh, S.W.A., White, K.N., Chatterton, N.P. and Zhu, L.M. 2011. Improving polymer nanofiber quality using a modified co-axial electrospinning process. Macromolecular Rapid Communications. 32 (9-10), pp. 744-750. https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.201100049

Coaxial electrospinning with organic solvent for controlling the size of self-assembled nanoparticles
Yu, D.G., Zhu, L.M., Bligh, S.W.A., Branford-White, C.J. and White, K.N. 2011. Coaxial electrospinning with organic solvent for controlling the size of self-assembled nanoparticles. Chemical Communications. 47 (4), pp. 1216-1218. https://doi.org/10.1039/C0CC03521A

Self-assembled liposomes from amphiphilic electrospun nanofibers
Yu, D.G., Branford-White, C.J., Williams, G.R., Bligh, S.W.A., White, K.N., Zhu, L.M. and Chatterton, N.P. 2011. Self-assembled liposomes from amphiphilic electrospun nanofibers. Soft matter. 7, pp. 8239-8247. https://doi.org/10.1039/C1SM05961K

Synthesis and anti-cancer evaluation of cyclotriphosphazene hydrazone derivatives
Patil, B.R., Machakanur, S.S., Hunoor, R.S., Badiger, D.S., Gudasi, K.B. and Bligh, S.W.A. 2011. Synthesis and anti-cancer evaluation of cyclotriphosphazene hydrazone derivatives. Der Pharma Chemica. 3 (4), pp. 377-388.

Alterations to liver energy metabolism and cell death following alcohol exposure
Gyamfi, D., Clemens, D.L. and Patel, V. 2011. Alterations to liver energy metabolism and cell death following alcohol exposure. Alcohol & Alcoholism. 46, pp. p47-48.

Separation and identification of three epimeric pairs of new C-glucosyl anthrones from Rumex dentatus by on-line high performance liquid chromatography–circular dichroism analysis
Zhu, J.-J., Zhang, C.-F., Zhang, M., Bligh, S.W.A., Yang, L., Wang, Z.-M. and Wang, Z. 2010. Separation and identification of three epimeric pairs of new C-glucosyl anthrones from Rumex dentatus by on-line high performance liquid chromatography–circular dichroism analysis. Journal of Chromatography A. 1217 (33), pp. 5384-5388. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2010.05.039

O-phosphotyrosine analogues: aynthesis and therapeutic role in modulation of signal transduction
Wardle, N.J., Hudson, H.R. and Bligh, S.W.A. 2010. O-phosphotyrosine analogues: aynthesis and therapeutic role in modulation of signal transduction. Current Organic Chemistry. 14 (5), pp. 426-446. https://doi.org/10.2174/138527210790601189

Apoptosis in alcoholic liver disease
Gyamfi, D., Everitt, H.E. and Patel, V. 2010. Apoptosis in alcoholic liver disease. in: Preedy, V.R. (ed.) Apoptosis: modern insights into disease from molecules to man Science Publishers. pp. 211-233

The effect of alcohol exposure on liver energy metabolism and cell death
Gyamfi, D., Clemens, D.L. and Patel, V. 2010. The effect of alcohol exposure on liver energy metabolism and cell death. Hepatology. 52, p. 455A.

Treatment with qing'e, a kidney-invigorating chinese herbal formula, antagonizes the estrogen decline in ovariectomized mice
Xu, Y., Zhang, Z.J., Geng, F., Su, S.B., White, K.N., Bligh, S.W.A., Branford-White, C.J. and Wang, Z. 2010. Treatment with qing'e, a kidney-invigorating chinese herbal formula, antagonizes the estrogen decline in ovariectomized mice. Rejuvenation Research. 13 (4), pp. 479-488. https://doi.org/10.1089/rej.2009.1000

Characterization of new metabolites from in vivo biotransformation of norisoboldine by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy
Chen, J.Z., Chou, G.-X., Wang, C.-H., Yang, L., Bligh, S.W.A. and Wang, Z. 2010. Characterization of new metabolites from in vivo biotransformation of norisoboldine by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis. 52 (5), pp. 687-693. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2010.02.008

Identification of metabolites of adonifoline, a hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloid, by liquid chromatography/tandem and high-resolution mass spectrometry
Xiong, A., Yang, L., He, Y.Q., Zhang, F., Wang, J., Han, H., Wang, C.-H., Bligh, S.W.A. and Wang, Z. 2009. Identification of metabolites of adonifoline, a hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloid, by liquid chromatography/tandem and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry. 23 (24), pp. 3907-3916. https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.4329

Comprehensive two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography system with immobilized liposome chromatography column and reversed-phase column for separation of complex traditional Chinese medicine Longdan Xiegan Decoction
Wang, Y., Kong, L., Lei, X., Hu, L., Zou, H., Welbeck, E., Bligh, S.W.A. and Wang, Z. 2009. Comprehensive two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography system with immobilized liposome chromatography column and reversed-phase column for separation of complex traditional Chinese medicine Longdan Xiegan Decoction. Journal of Chromatography A. 1216 (11), pp. 2185-2191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2008.05.074

S-Nitrosoglutathione inactivation of the mitochondrial and cytosolic BCAT proteins: S-Nitrosation and S-Thiolation
Coles, S.J., Easton, P., Sharrod, H., Hutson, S.M., Hancock, J., Patel, V. and Conway, M.E. 2009. S-Nitrosoglutathione inactivation of the mitochondrial and cytosolic BCAT proteins: S-Nitrosation and S-Thiolation. Biochemistry. 48 (3), pp. 645-656. https://doi.org/10.1021/bi801805h

Preparation and characterization of medicated PAN/PVP composite fibers for better drug release profiles
Yu, D.G., Shen, X.X., Zhu, L.M., Branford-White, C.J., Bligh, S.W.A. and Yang, Y.C. 2009. Preparation and characterization of medicated PAN/PVP composite fibers for better drug release profiles. in: ICBBE 2009: 3rd international conference on bioinformatics and biomedical engineering IEEE .

Oral fast-dissolving drug delivery membranes prepared from electrospun polyvinylpyrrolidone ultrafine fibers
Yu, D.G., Shen, X.X., Branford-White, C.J., White, K.N., Zhu, L.M. and Bligh, S.W.A. 2009. Oral fast-dissolving drug delivery membranes prepared from electrospun polyvinylpyrrolidone ultrafine fibers. Nanotechnology. 20 (5), p. 055104. https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/20/5/055104

Presentation of the beta-carboxamidophosphonate arrangement in substrate structures targeting HIV-1 PR
Wardle, N.J., Hudson, H.R., Matthews, R.W., Nunn, C., Vella, C. and Bligh, S.W.A. 2009. Presentation of the beta-carboxamidophosphonate arrangement in substrate structures targeting HIV-1 PR. Letters in Drug Design and Discovery. 6, pp. 139-145.

Liver metabolism: biochemical and molecular regulations
Gyamfi, D. and Patel, V. 2009. Liver metabolism: biochemical and molecular regulations. in: Preedy, V.R. (ed.) Nutrition, diet therapy, and the liver London CRC Press. pp. 3-15

Hepatic oxidative stress and apoptosis following acute alcohol
Everitt, H.E., Tewfik, I., Preedy, V.R. and Patel, V. 2009. Hepatic oxidative stress and apoptosis following acute alcohol. Alcohol & Alcoholism. 44, p. p85.

Cytotoxic sesquiterpenes from Ligularia platyglossa
Liu, J.Q., Zhang, M., Zhang, C.-F., Qi, H.Y., Bashall, A., Bligh, S.W.A. and Wang, Z. 2008. Cytotoxic sesquiterpenes from Ligularia platyglossa. Phytochemistry. 69 (11), pp. 2231-2236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2008.05.018

Characterization of fifty-one flavonoids in a Chinese herbal prescription Longdan Xiegan Decoction by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry and photodiode array detection
Wang, Y., Yang, L., He, Y.Q., Wang, C.-H., Welbeck, E., Bligh, S.W.A. and Wang, Z. 2008. Characterization of fifty-one flavonoids in a Chinese herbal prescription Longdan Xiegan Decoction by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry and photodiode array detection. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry. 22 (12), pp. 1767-1778. https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.3536

Tomatoes: origin, cultivation techniques, and germplasm resources
da Silva, D.J.H., Abreu, F.B., Caliman, F.R.B., Antonio, A.C. and Patel, V. 2008. Tomatoes: origin, cultivation techniques, and germplasm resources. in: Preedy, V.R. and Watson, R.R. (ed.) Tomatoes and tomato products: nutritional, medicinal and therapeutic properties CRC Press. pp. 3-26

High performance liquid chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometric analysis for metabolites of isoline in rat urine and bile
Zhang, F., Zhong, D.F., Wang, C.-H., Bligh, S.W.A. and Wang, Z. 2008. High performance liquid chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometric analysis for metabolites of isoline in rat urine and bile. Drug Metabolism Reviews. 40, p. 216.

Quantitative analysis by HPLC-MS2 of the pyrrolizidine alkaloid adonifoline in Senecio scandens
Zhang, F., Wang, C.-H., Wang, W., Chen, L.X., Ma, H.Y., Zhang, C.-F., Zhang, M., Bligh, S.W.A. and Wang, Z. 2008. Quantitative analysis by HPLC-MS2 of the pyrrolizidine alkaloid adonifoline in Senecio scandens. Phytochemical Analysis. 19 (1), pp. 25-31. https://doi.org/10.1002/pca.1009

Organophosphorus compounds: intervention in mechanisms of signal transduction relevant to proliferative, immunological and circulatory disorders
Wardle, N.J., Bligh, S.W.A. and Hudson, H.R. 2008. Organophosphorus compounds: intervention in mechanisms of signal transduction relevant to proliferative, immunological and circulatory disorders. Current Medicinal Chemistry. 15, pp. 2230-2257.

Sulfated beta-glucan derived from oat bran with potent anti-HIV activity
Wang, S.C., Bligh, S.W.A., Zhu, C.L., Shi, S.S., Wang, Z., Hu, Z.B., Crowder, J., Branford-White, C.J. and Vella, C. 2008. Sulfated beta-glucan derived from oat bran with potent anti-HIV activity. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 56 (8), pp. 2624-2629. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf072888h

Quantitative analysis of total retronecine esters-type pyrrolizidine alkaloids in plant by high performance liquid chromatography
Zhang, F., Wang, C.-H., Xiong, A., Wang, W., Yang, L., Branford-White, C.J., Wang, Z. and Bligh, S.W.A. 2007. Quantitative analysis of total retronecine esters-type pyrrolizidine alkaloids in plant by high performance liquid chromatography. Analytica Chimica Acta. 605 (1), pp. 94-101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2007.10.021

Biological fingerprinting analysis of the traditional Chinese prescription Longdan Xiegan Decoction by on/off-line comprehensive two-dimensional biochromatography
Wang, Y., Kong, L., Hu, L., Lei, X., Yang, L., Chou, G.-X., Zou, H., Wang, C.-H., Bligh, S.W.A. and Wang, Z. 2007. Biological fingerprinting analysis of the traditional Chinese prescription Longdan Xiegan Decoction by on/off-line comprehensive two-dimensional biochromatography. Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications. 860 (2), pp. 185-194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.10.027

Effects of 4-hydroxynonenal on mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3methylglutaryl (HMG-CoA) synthase
Patel, V., Spencer, C.H., Young, T.A., Lively, M.O. and Cunningham, C.C. 2007. Effects of 4-hydroxynonenal on mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3methylglutaryl (HMG-CoA) synthase. Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 43 (11), pp. 1499-1507. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.08.004

Structural features and anti-HIV-1 activity of novel polysaccharides from red algae Grateloupia longifolia and Grateloupia filicina
Wang, S.C., Bligh, S.W.A., Shi, S.S., Wang, Z., Hu, Z.B., Crowder, J., Branford-White, C.J. and Vella, C. 2007. Structural features and anti-HIV-1 activity of novel polysaccharides from red algae Grateloupia longifolia and Grateloupia filicina. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 41 (4), pp. 369-375. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2007.05.008

Pharmacokinetic behavior of gentiopicroside from decoction of radix gentianae, gentiana macrophylla after oral administration in rats: a pharmacokinetic comaprison with gentiopicroside after oral and intravenous administration alone
Wang, C.-H., Cheng, X.M., He, Y.Q., White, K.N., Bligh, S.W.A., Branford-White, C.J. and Wang, Z. 2007. Pharmacokinetic behavior of gentiopicroside from decoction of radix gentianae, gentiana macrophylla after oral administration in rats: a pharmacokinetic comaprison with gentiopicroside after oral and intravenous administration alone. Archives of pharmacal research. 30 (9), pp. 1149-1154. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02980251

Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of gentiopicroside from decoctions of Gentianae and Longdan Xiegan Tang after oral administration in rats: comparison with gentiopicroside alone
Wang, C.-H., Cheng, X.M., Bligh, S.W.A., White, K.N., Branford-White, C.J. and Wang, Z. 2007. Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of gentiopicroside from decoctions of Gentianae and Longdan Xiegan Tang after oral administration in rats: comparison with gentiopicroside alone. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis. 44 (5), pp. 1113-1117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2007.04.036

Synthesis of a novel ‘smart’ bifunctional chelating agent 1-(2-[β,d-galactopyranosyloxy]ethyl)-7-(1-carboxy-3-[4-aminophenyl]propyl)-4,10-bis(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (Gal-PA-DO3A-NH2) and its Gd(III) complex
Wardle, N.J., Herlihy, A.H., So, P.W., Bell, J.D. and Bligh, S.W.A. 2007. Synthesis of a novel ‘smart’ bifunctional chelating agent 1-(2-[β,d-galactopyranosyloxy]ethyl)-7-(1-carboxy-3-[4-aminophenyl]propyl)-4,10-bis(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (Gal-PA-DO3A-NH2) and its Gd(III) complex. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry. 15 (14), pp. 4714-4721. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2007.05.004

High-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for the simultaneous analysis of cis-, trans- and dihydro-2-glucosyloxycinnamic acid derivatives from Dendrobium medicinal plants
Yang, L., Nakamura, N., Hattori, M., Wang, Z., Bligh, S.W.A. and Xu, L. 2007. High-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for the simultaneous analysis of cis-, trans- and dihydro-2-glucosyloxycinnamic acid derivatives from Dendrobium medicinal plants. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry. 21 (12), pp. 1833-1840. https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.3025

Nutrition and alcoholic liver disease
Everitt, H.E., Patel, V. and Tewfik, I. 2007. Nutrition and alcoholic liver disease. Nutrition Bulletin. 32 (2), pp. 138-144. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-3010.2007.00627.x

Nutrition and alcoholic liver disease
Everitt, H.E., Patel, V.B. and Tewfik, I. 2007. Nutrition and alcoholic liver disease. Nutrition Bulletin. 32 (2), pp. 138-144. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-3010.2007.00627

ω-Phosphinyl-α-amino acids: synthesis, and development towards use as therapeutic agents
Wardle, N.J., Bligh, S.W.A. and Hudson, H.R. 2007. ω-Phosphinyl-α-amino acids: synthesis, and development towards use as therapeutic agents. Current Organic Chemistry. 11 (18), pp. 1635-1651. https://doi.org/10.2174/138527207783221200

Synthesis and spectral investigation of manganese(II), cadmium(II) and oxovanadium(IV) complexes with 2,6-diacetylpyridine bis(2-aminobenzoylhydrazone): crystal structure of manganese(II) and cadmium(II) complexes
Gudasi, K.B., Patil, S., Vadavi, R.S., Shenoy, R.V., Nethaji, M. and Bligh, S.W.A. 2006. Synthesis and spectral investigation of manganese(II), cadmium(II) and oxovanadium(IV) complexes with 2,6-diacetylpyridine bis(2-aminobenzoylhydrazone): crystal structure of manganese(II) and cadmium(II) complexes. Inorganica Chimica Acta. 359 (10), pp. 3229-3236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ica.2006.03.009

A new phenanthrene with a spirolactone from Dendrobium chrysanthum and its anti-inflammatory activities
Yang, L., Qin, L.H., Bligh, S.W.A., Bashall, A., Zhang, C.-F., Zhang, M., Wang, Z. and Xu, L. 2006. A new phenanthrene with a spirolactone from Dendrobium chrysanthum and its anti-inflammatory activities. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry. 14 (10), pp. 3496-3501. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2006.01.004

Phytoestrogen levels in selected Jamaican food
Simon, G., McFarlane-Anderson, N., Fletcher, H., Golden, K., Wharfe, G., Ogegbo, O., Bligh, S.W.A. and Branford-White, C.J. 2006. Phytoestrogen levels in selected Jamaican food. West Indian Medical Journal. 55, p. 24.

Organophosphorus chemistry: therapeutic intervention in mechanisms of viral and cellular replication
Wardle, N.J., Bligh, S.W.A. and Hudson, H.R. 2005. Organophosphorus chemistry: therapeutic intervention in mechanisms of viral and cellular replication. Current Organic Chemistry. 9 (18), pp. 1803-1828. https://doi.org/10.2174/138527205774913123

Protein adduct species in muscle and liver of rats following acute ethanol administration
Patel, V., Worrall, S., Emery, P.W. and Preedy, V.R. 2005. Protein adduct species in muscle and liver of rats following acute ethanol administration. Alcohol & Alcoholism. 40 (6), pp. 485-493. https://doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agh196

Multiflorane triterpene esters from the seeds of Trichosanthes kirilowii
Wu, T., Cheng, X.M., Bligh, S.W.A., Chou, G.-X., Wang, Z., Bashall, A. and Branford-White, C.J. 2005. Multiflorane triterpene esters from the seeds of Trichosanthes kirilowii. Helvetica Chimica Acta. 88 (10), pp. 2617-2623. https://doi.org/10.1002/hlca.200590202

Bi-bicyclic and bi-tricyclic compounds from Dendrobium thyrsiflorum
Zhang, G.N., Zhong, L.Y., Bligh, S.W.A., Guo, Y.L., Zhang, C.-F., Zhang, M., Wang, Z. and Xu, L. 2005. Bi-bicyclic and bi-tricyclic compounds from Dendrobium thyrsiflorum. Phytochemistry. 66 (10), pp. 1113-1120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2005.04.001

Simultaneous determination of six isoflavonoids in commercial Radix Astragali by HPLC-UV
Wu, T., Bligh, S.W.A., Gu, L.-H., Wang, Z., Liu, H.P., Cheng, X.M., Branford-White, C.J. and Hu, Z.B. 2005. Simultaneous determination of six isoflavonoids in commercial Radix Astragali by HPLC-UV. Fitoterapia. 76 (2), pp. 157-165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2004.11.006

Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of gentiopicroside following oral and intravenous administration in mice
Wang, C.-H., Wang, Z., Bligh, S.W.A., White, K.N. and Branford-White, C.J. 2004. Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of gentiopicroside following oral and intravenous administration in mice. European Journal of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics. 29 (3), pp. 199-203. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03190598

Liver dysfunction induced by bile duct ligation and galactosamine injection alters cardiac protein synthesis
Hunter, R.V., Patel, V., Baker, A.J. and Preedy, V.R. 2004. Liver dysfunction induced by bile duct ligation and galactosamine injection alters cardiac protein synthesis. Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental. 53 (8), pp. 964-968. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2003.11.015

Taraxer-14-en-3β-ol, an anti-inflammatory compound from Sterculia foetida L.
Naik, D.G., Mujumdar, A.M., Waghole, R.J., Misar, A.V., Bligh, S.W.A., Bashall, A. and Crowder, J. 2004. Taraxer-14-en-3β-ol, an anti-inflammatory compound from Sterculia foetida L. Planta Medica. 70 (1), pp. 68-69. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2004-815459

cis-Eudesmane Sesquiterpene Glycosides from Liriope muscari and Ophiopogon japonicus
Cheng, Z.H., Wu, T., Bligh, S.W.A., Bashall, A. and Yu, B.Y. 2004. cis-Eudesmane Sesquiterpene Glycosides from Liriope muscari and Ophiopogon japonicus. Journal of Natural Products. 67 (10), pp. 1761-1763. https://doi.org/10.1021/np049864e

Fluorescence properties of green fluorescent protein FRET pairs concatenated with the small G protein, Rac, and its interacting domain of the kinase, p21-activated kinase
Collinson, A.D., Bligh, S.W.A., Graham, D.L., Mott, H.R., Chalk, P.A., Korniotis, N. and Lowe, P.N. 2004. Fluorescence properties of green fluorescent protein FRET pairs concatenated with the small G protein, Rac, and its interacting domain of the kinase, p21-activated kinase. Assay and Drug Development Technologies. 2 (6), pp. 659-673. https://doi.org/10.1089/adt.2004.2.659

Protein metabolism in alcohol misuse and toxicity
Preedy, V.R., Koll, M., Adachi, J., Mantle, D., Patel, V. and Peters, T. 2003. Protein metabolism in alcohol misuse and toxicity. in: Watson, R.R. and Preedy, V.R. (ed.) Nutrition and alcohol: linking nutrient interactions and dietary intake London CRC Press. pp. 261-300

Chronic ethanol consumption increases the concentration of a 4-hydroxynonenal adduct with the mitochondrial hydroxy methyl glutaryl CoA synthase in liver
Patel, V., Spencer, C. and Cunningham, C.C. 2003. Chronic ethanol consumption increases the concentration of a 4-hydroxynonenal adduct with the mitochondrial hydroxy methyl glutaryl CoA synthase in liver. Hepatology. 38, p. p393.

Emerging techniques in biomedical research and their application to alcohol toxicity
Patel, V., Chaurand, P., Caprioli, R., Austen, B., Frears, E., Manca, F., Davies, H., Vrana, K., Wheeler, M. and Preedy, V.R. 2003. Emerging techniques in biomedical research and their application to alcohol toxicity. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. 27 (2), pp. 348-353.

Measurement of dissociation constants of inhibitors binding to Src SH2 domain protein by non-covalent electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Bligh, S.W.A., Haley, T. and Lowe, P.N. 2003. Measurement of dissociation constants of inhibitors binding to Src SH2 domain protein by non-covalent electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Journal of Molecular Recognition. 16 (3), pp. 139-148. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmr.622

Reaction of (C-(6-aminomethyl-pyridin-2-yl)methylamine)chloroplatinum(II) with nucleosides and its biological activity
Bligh, S.W.A., Bashall, A., Garrud, C., McPartlin, M., Wardle, N.J., White, K.N., Padhye, S., Barve, V. and Kundu, G. 2003. Reaction of (C-(6-aminomethyl-pyridin-2-yl)methylamine)chloroplatinum(II) with nucleosides and its biological activity. Dalton Transactions. 2003 (2), pp. 184-188. https://doi.org/10.1039/B208790A

How chemistry brought me to the life-sciences interface
Bligh, S.W.A. 2003. How chemistry brought me to the life-sciences interface. Science.

Altered hepatic mitochondrial ribosome structure following chronic ethanol consumption
Patel, V. and Cunningham, C.C. 2002. Altered hepatic mitochondrial ribosome structure following chronic ethanol consumption. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 398 (1), pp. 41-50. https://doi.org/10.1006/abbi.2001.2701

Chronic ethanol consumption increases the formation of an aldehyde-protein adduct in hepatic mitochondria
Patel, V., Young, T.A. and Cunningham, C.C. 2002. Chronic ethanol consumption increases the formation of an aldehyde-protein adduct in hepatic mitochondria. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research.

IUPAC-NIST solubility data series. 76. Solubility of ethyne in liquids
Fogg, P.G.T., Bligh, S.W.A., Derrick, M.E., Yampol’skii, Y.P., Clever, H.L., Skrzecz, A. and Young, C.L. 2001. IUPAC-NIST solubility data series. 76. Solubility of ethyne in liquids. Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data. 30 (6), pp. 1693-1875. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1397768

Cardioprotective effect of propranolol from alcohol-induced heart muscle damage as assessed by plasma cardiac troponin-T.
Patel, V., Ajmal, R., Sherwood, R., Sullivan, A., Richardson, P. and Preedy, V.R. 2001. Cardioprotective effect of propranolol from alcohol-induced heart muscle damage as assessed by plasma cardiac troponin-T. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. 25 (6), pp. 882-889. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-0277.2001.tb02294.x

Diarrhea reduces the rates of cardiac protein synthesis in myofibrillar protein fractions in rats in vivo
Hunter, R.V., Patel, V., Miell, J., Wong, H.J., Marway, J., Richardson, P. and Preedy, V.R. 2001. Diarrhea reduces the rates of cardiac protein synthesis in myofibrillar protein fractions in rats in vivo. Journal of Nutrition. 131 (5), pp. 1513-1519.

Acute doxorubicin (adriamycin) dosage does not reduce cardiac protein synthesis in vivo, but decreases diaminopeptidase I and proline endopeptidase activities
Zima, T., Tesar, V., Mantle, D., Koll, M., Patel, V., Richardson, P. and Preedy, V.R. 2001. Acute doxorubicin (adriamycin) dosage does not reduce cardiac protein synthesis in vivo, but decreases diaminopeptidase I and proline endopeptidase activities. Experimental and Molecular Pathology. 70 (2), pp. 154-161. https://doi.org/10.1006/exmp.2000.2353

Physiochemical properties of rat liver mitochondrial ribosomes
Patel, V., Cunningham, C.C. and Hantgan, R. 2001. Physiochemical properties of rat liver mitochondrial ribosomes. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 276 (9), pp. 6739-6746. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M005781200

In vivo protein synthetic rates of atrial, ventricular, and pulmonary tissue proteins in aortic constriction, goldblatt, and bromoethylamine models of hypertension
Siddiq, T., Patel, V., Sherwood, R., Richardson, P. and Preedy, V.R. 2001. In vivo protein synthetic rates of atrial, ventricular, and pulmonary tissue proteins in aortic constriction, goldblatt, and bromoethylamine models of hypertension. Experimental and Molecular Pathology. 70 (1), pp. 19-30. https://doi.org/10.1006/exmp.2000.2333

Ethanol and oxidative stress
Sun, A., Ingelman-Sundberg, M., Neve, E., Matsumoto, H., Nishitani, Y., Minowa, Y., Fukui, Y., Bailey, S., Patel, V., Cunningham, C.C., Zima, T., Fialova, L., Mikulikova, L., Popov, P., Malbohan, I., Janebova, M., Nespor, K. and Sun, G. 2001. Ethanol and oxidative stress. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. 25 (5 Suppl.), pp. 237S-243S.

Alpha-Tocopherol supplementation does not prevent acute alcohol-induced heart muscle damage
Koll, M., Patel, V., Sherwood, R.A., Seitz, H.K., Simanowski, U.A., Richardson, P.J., Peters, T.J. and Preedy, V.R. 2001. Alpha-Tocopherol supplementation does not prevent acute alcohol-induced heart muscle damage. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society. 60, p. P125A.

Ethanol and protein metabolism
Cunningham, C.C., Preedy, V.R., Paice, A., Hesketh, J., Peters, T., Patel, V., Volpi, E., Mawatari, K., Masaki, H., Mori, H. and Torii, K. 2001. Ethanol and protein metabolism. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. 25 (5 Suppl.), pp. 262S-268S.

Dimeric yttrium(III) and neodymium(III) macrocyclic complexes: potential catalysts for hydrolysis of double-stranded DNA
Bligh, S.W.A., Choi, N., Evagorou, E.G., McPartlin, M. and White, K.N. 2001. Dimeric yttrium(III) and neodymium(III) macrocyclic complexes: potential catalysts for hydrolysis of double-stranded DNA. Journal of the Chemical Society, Dalton Transactions. 2001 (21), pp. 3169-3172. https://doi.org/10.1039/B102533N

Chronic ethanol consumption alters the glutathione/glutathione peroxidase-1 system and protein oxidation status in rat liver
Bailey, S., Patel, V., Young, T.A., Asayama, K. and Cunningham, C.C. 2001. Chronic ethanol consumption alters the glutathione/glutathione peroxidase-1 system and protein oxidation status in rat liver. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. 25 (5), pp. 726-733.

Characterization of 111In3+ complexes of DTPA amide derivatives: biodistribution and clearance studied by gamma imaging
Prata, M.I.M., Santos, A.C., Bligh, S.W.A., Chowdhury, A.H.M.S., Geraldes, C.F.G.C. and de Lima, J.J.P. 2000. Characterization of 111In3+ complexes of DTPA amide derivatives: biodistribution and clearance studied by gamma imaging. Nuclear Medicine and Biology. 27 (6), pp. 605-610. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0969-8051(00)00127-X

Synthesis and structural properties of metal complexes of dialkyl α-hydroxyiminophosphonates
Bligh, S.W.A., Choi, N., McGrath, C.M., McPartlin, M. and Woodroffe, T.M. 2000. Synthesis and structural properties of metal complexes of dialkyl α-hydroxyiminophosphonates. Journal of the Chemical Society, Dalton Transactions. 2000 (15), pp. 2587-2594. https://doi.org/10.1039/B003241G

Non-ionic bulky Gd(III) DTPA-bisamide complexes as potential contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging
Bligh, S.W.A., Chowdhury, A.H.M.S., Kennedy, D., Luchinat, C. and Parigi, G. 1999. Non-ionic bulky Gd(III) DTPA-bisamide complexes as potential contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. 41 (4), pp. 767-773. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1522-2594(199904)41:4<767::AID-MRM16>3.0.CO;2-G

Synthesis of novel α-functionalized phosphinic acid derivatives of thiophene and the first crystal structure of an α-hydroxyalkylphosphinate
Bligh, S.W.A., McPartlin, M., Sanganee, M.J., Woodroffe, T.M. and Geraldes, C.F.G.C. 1998. Synthesis of novel α-functionalized phosphinic acid derivatives of thiophene and the first crystal structure of an α-hydroxyalkylphosphinate. Chemical Communications. 1998 (19), pp. 2073-2074. https://doi.org/10.1039/A805189E

A gadolinium cryptate with two coordinated water molecules
Bligh, S.W.A., Drew, M.G.B., Martin, N., Maubert, B. and Nelson, J. 1998. A gadolinium cryptate with two coordinated water molecules. Journal of the Chemical Society, Dalton Transactions. 1998 (22), pp. 3711-3714. https://doi.org/10.1039/A805859H

A novel hexaaza macrocycle with methylenephosphonate pendant arms: a potential useful chelate for biomedical applications
Bligh, S.W.A., Choi, N., Geraldes, C.F.G.C., Knoke, S., McPartlin, M., Sanganee, M.J. and Woodroffe, T.M. 1997. A novel hexaaza macrocycle with methylenephosphonate pendant arms: a potential useful chelate for biomedical applications. Journal of the Chemical Society, Dalton Transactions. 1997 (21), pp. 4119-4126. https://doi.org/10.1039/A703678G

Hexaaza and octaaza macrocycles with 2-hydroxy 3,5-dimethylbenzyl pendant arms
Bligh, S.W.A., Choi, N., Evagorou, E.G. and McPartlin, M. 1997. Hexaaza and octaaza macrocycles with 2-hydroxy 3,5-dimethylbenzyl pendant arms. Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions. 1997 (21), pp. 3151-3156. https://doi.org/10.1039/A704835A

α-aminophosphonate monoesters in one step
Bligh, S.W.A., McGrath, C.M., Failla, S. and Finocchiaro, P. 1996. α-aminophosphonate monoesters in one step. Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements. 118 (1), pp. 189-194. https://doi.org/10.1080/10426509608038811

Lanthanide and transition metal complexes of dialkyl alpha-hydroxyiminophosphonates
Bligh, S.W.A., Choi, N., Green, D.S.C., Hudson, H.R., McGrath, C.M., McPartlin, M. and Pianka, M. 1996. Lanthanide and transition metal complexes of dialkyl alpha-hydroxyiminophosphonates. Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements. 111 (1-4), p. 49. https://doi.org/10.1080/10426509608054678

Neutral gadolinium(III) complexes of bulky octadentate dtpa derivatives as potential contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging
Bligh, S.W.A., Chowdhury, A.H.M.S., McPartlin, M. and Scowen, I.J. 1995. Neutral gadolinium(III) complexes of bulky octadentate dtpa derivatives as potential contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging. Polyhedron. 14 (4), pp. 567-569. https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-5387(94)00318-9

Teaching techniques in inorganic chemistry
Bligh, S.W.A., Conole, G. and McPartlin, M. 1995. Teaching techniques in inorganic chemistry. in: Variety in Chemistry Proceedings UK Physical Sciences Centre.

Synthesis, characterization and comparative study of aminophosphonate chelates of gadolinium(III) ions as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents
Bligh, S.W.A., Harding, C.T., McEwen, A.B. and Sadler, P.J. 1994. Synthesis, characterization and comparative study of aminophosphonate chelates of gadolinium(III) ions as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents. Polyhedron. 13 (12), pp. 1937-1943. https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-5387(94)80018-9

Synthesis of the first lanthanide complexes of dialkyl α-hydroxyiminophosphonates; ambivalent ligand bonding in the PrIII and NdIII complexes of diisopropyl α-hydroxyiminopropylphosphonate (L1), [PrL13Cl3] and [NdL12(NO3)3(H2O)]
Bligh, S.W.A., Choi, N., Hudson, H.R., McGrath, C.M. and McPartlin, M. 1994. Synthesis of the first lanthanide complexes of dialkyl α-hydroxyiminophosphonates; ambivalent ligand bonding in the PrIII and NdIII complexes of diisopropyl α-hydroxyiminopropylphosphonate (L1), [PrL13Cl3] and [NdL12(NO3)3(H2O)]. Journal of the Chemical Society, Dalton Transactions. 1994 (15), pp. 2335-2337. https://doi.org/10.1039/DT9940002335

First structural characterisation of an amino phosphonate monoester metal complex
Bligh, S.W.A., Choi, N., Failla, S., Finocchiaro, P., Il'yasov, A., Libertini, M., McGrath, C.M., McPartlin, M. and Woodroffe, T.M. 1994. First structural characterisation of an amino phosphonate monoester metal complex. Journal of the Chemical Society, Dalton Transactions. 1994 (22), pp. 3333-3334. https://doi.org/10.1039/DT9940003333

Metal-ion controlled helicity of an 18-membered hexaaza tetraamine macrocycle
Bligh, S.W.A., Choi, N., Evagorou, E.G., Li, W.S. and McPartlin, M. 1994. Metal-ion controlled helicity of an 18-membered hexaaza tetraamine macrocycle. Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications. 1994 (20), pp. 2399-2400. https://doi.org/10.1039/C39940002399

Yttrium(III) and lanthanide(III) metal complexes of an 18-membered hexaaza tetraimine macrocycle. Crystal structure of the gadolinium(III) complex
Bligh, S.W.A., Choi, N., Cummins, W.J., Evagorou, E.G., Kelly, J.D. and McPartlin, M. 1994. Yttrium(III) and lanthanide(III) metal complexes of an 18-membered hexaaza tetraimine macrocycle. Crystal structure of the gadolinium(III) complex. Journal of the Chemical Society, Dalton Transactions. 1994 (23), pp. 3369-3376. https://doi.org/10.1039/DT9940003369

Transition metal complexes of dialkyl α-hydroxyiminophosphonates, a novel class of metal complexes
Bligh, S.W.A., Choi, N., Green, D.S.C., Hudson, H.R., McGrath, C.M., McPartlin, M. and Pianka, M. 1993. Transition metal complexes of dialkyl α-hydroxyiminophosphonates, a novel class of metal complexes. Polyhedron. 12 (23), pp. 2887-2890. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-5387(00)80073-X

Macrocyclic lanthanide complexes as potential contrast agents for NMR imaging
Bligh, S.W.A., Choi, N., Cummins, W.J., Evagorou, E.G., Kelly, J.D., McPartlin, M. and Parkes, H.G. 1993. Macrocyclic lanthanide complexes as potential contrast agents for NMR imaging. Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry. 51 (1-2), p. 438. https://doi.org/10.1016/0162-0134(93)85467-M

Synthesis and crystal structure of a novel hexaaza macrocyclic ligand with 2-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylbenzyl pendant arms and its gadolinium(III) complex
Bligh, S.W.A., Choi, N., Cummins, W.J., Evagorou, E.G., Kelly, J.D. and McPartlin, M. 1993. Synthesis and crystal structure of a novel hexaaza macrocyclic ligand with 2-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylbenzyl pendant arms and its gadolinium(III) complex. Journal of the Chemical Society, Dalton Transactions. 1993 (24), pp. 3829-3831. https://doi.org/10.1039/DT9930003829

Distortional isomerism in oxomolybdenum systems: the evidence re-evaluated
Bashall, A., Bligh, S.W.A., Edwards, A.J., McPartlin, M., Gibson, V.C. and Robinson, O.B. 1992. Distortional isomerism in oxomolybdenum systems: the evidence re-evaluated. Angewandte Chemie: International Edition in English. 31 (12), pp. 1607-1609. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.199216071

Synthesis and crystal structure of a gadolinium(III) complex of a tetraimine schiff-base macrocycle: a potential contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging
Bligh, S.W.A., Choi, N., Evagorou, E.G., McPartlin, M., Cummins, W.J. and Kelly, J.D. 1992. Synthesis and crystal structure of a gadolinium(III) complex of a tetraimine schiff-base macrocycle: a potential contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging. Polyhedron. 11 (19), pp. 2571-2573. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-5387(00)83580-9

H-1-Nmr studies of reactions of copper complexes with human blood plasma and urine
Bligh, S.W.A., Boyle, H.A., McEwen, A.B., Sadler, P.J. and Woodham, R.H. 1992. H-1-Nmr studies of reactions of copper complexes with human blood plasma and urine. Biochemical Pharmacology. 43 (2), pp. 137-145. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-2952(92)90270-S

Use of paramagnetic chelated metal derivatives of polysaccharides and spin-labeled polysaccharides as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging
Bligh, S.W.A., Harding, C.T., Sadler, P.J., Bulman, R.A., Bydder, G.M., Pennock, J.M., Kelly, J.D., Clatham, I.A. and Marriott, J.A. 1991. Use of paramagnetic chelated metal derivatives of polysaccharides and spin-labeled polysaccharides as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. 17 (2), pp. 516-532. https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.1910170222

Nuclear magnetic resonance and circular dichroism spectroscopic studies of copper complexation in blood plasma
Bligh, S.W.A., Drake, A.F. and Sadler, P.J. 1990. Nuclear magnetic resonance and circular dichroism spectroscopic studies of copper complexation in blood plasma. Biochemical Society Transactions. 18, pp. 999-1000. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0180999

Ultraviolet and magnetic-circular-diochroic spectroscopic studies of Gd(III) complexed with diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid
Bligh, S.W.A., Drake, A.F. and Sadler, P.J. 1989. Ultraviolet and magnetic-circular-diochroic spectroscopic studies of Gd(III) complexed with diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid. European Journal of Biochemistry. 181 (1), pp. 223-224. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1432-1033.1989.tb14714.x

Characterization and invivo distribution of Tc-99m-labeled and In-111-labelled magnetite
Bligh, S.W.A., Sadler, P.J., Marriott, J.A., Latham, I.A. and Kelly, J.D. 1989. Characterization and invivo distribution of Tc-99m-labeled and In-111-labelled magnetite. Applied Radiation and Isotopes. 40, pp. 751-757.

Labels and contrast agents in biomedical magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging
Bligh, S.W.A. and Sadler, P.J. 1989. Labels and contrast agents in biomedical magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging. in: Dykes, J. and Delpy, D.T. (ed.) Clinical NMR spectroscopy York, England The Institute of Physical Sciences in Medicine. pp. 77-81

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