• Journal article

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)-ethyl cellulose based bio-composites with novel characteristics for infection free wound healing application

Iqbal, H.M.N., Kyazze, G., Locke, I.C., Tron, T. and Keshavarz, T. 2015. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)-ethyl cellulose based bio-composites with novel characteristics for infection free wound healing application. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 81, pp. 552-559. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.08.040

TitlePoly(3-hydroxybutyrate)-ethyl cellulose based bio-composites with novel characteristics for infection free wound healing application
TypeJournal article
AuthorsIqbal, H.M.N., Kyazze, G., Locke, I.C., Tron, T. and Keshavarz, T.
Abstract

A series of bio-composites including poly3-hydroxybutyrate [P(3HB)] grafted ethyl cellulose (EC) stated as P(3HB)-EC were successfully synthesised. Furthermore, natural phenols e.g., p-4-hydroxybenzoic acid (HBA) and ferulic acid (FA) were grafted onto the newly developed P(3HB)-EC-based bio-composites under laccase-assisted environment without the use of additional initiators or crosslinking agents. The phenol grafted bio-composites were critically evaluated for their antibacterial and biocompatibility features as well as their degradability in soil. In particular, the results of the antibacterial evaluation for the newly developed bio-composites indicated that 20HBA-g-P(3HB)-EC and 15FA-g-P(3HB)-EC bio-composites exerted strong bactericidal and bacteriostatic activity against Gram- E. coli NTCT 10418 as compared to the Gram+ B. subtilis NCTC 3610. This study shows further that at various phenolic concentrations the newly synthesised bio-composites remained cytocompatible with human keratinocyte-like HaCaT skin cells, as 100% cell viability was recorded, in vitro. As for the degradation, an increase in the degradation rate was recorded during the soil burial analyses over a period of 42 days. These findings suggest that the reported bio-composites have great potential for use in wound healing; covering the affected skin area which may favour tissue repair over shorter periods.

KeywordsEthyl cellulose; Bio-composite; HaCaT compatible
JournalInternational Journal of Biological Macromolecules
Journal citation81, pp. 552-559
ISSN0141-8130
Year2015
PublisherElsevier
Accepted author manuscript
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.08.040
Publication dates
Published in printNov 2015
Published online24 Aug 2015
ProjectDevelopment of bio-composites with novel characteristics through enzymatic grafting

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Fapetu, S., Keshavarz, T., Clements, M.O. and Kyazze, G. 2016. Enhancing electricity production from wastewater using microbial fuel cells. Postgraduate Fair 2016. NCS, University of Westminster 28 Apr 2016

Influence of electrolytes in mediating Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 biofilm composition and virulence factors
Kalgudi, R., Kyazze, G. and Keshavarz, T. 2016. Influence of electrolytes in mediating Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 biofilm composition and virulence factors. Biofilms 7: Microbial Works of Art. Porto, Portugal 26 - 28 Jun 2016 Universidade do Minho.

Applying synthetic biology as a tool to understand simultaneous bioenergy production and biodegradation process
Gomaa, O., Fapetu, S., Kyazze, G. and Keshavarz, T. 2016. Applying synthetic biology as a tool to understand simultaneous bioenergy production and biodegradation process. Aulenta, F. and Majone, M. (ed.) EU-ISMET 2016: The 3rd European Meeting of the International Society for Microbial Electrochemistry and Technology. Department of Chemistry (NEC) Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy 26 - 28 Sep 2016 ISMET.

Improving the performance of microbial fuel cells using laccase-based biocathodes
Mani, P., Keshavarz, T., Kyazze, G. and Chandra, S. 2016. Improving the performance of microbial fuel cells using laccase-based biocathodes. Aulenta, F. and Majone, M. (ed.) EU-ISMET 2016: The 3rd European Meeting of the International Society for Microbial Electrochemistry and Technology. Department of Chemistry (NEC) Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy 26 - 28 Sep 2016 ISMET.

Enhancing electricity production from wastewater using microbial fuel cells
Fapetu, S., Keshavarz, T., Clements, M.O. and Kyazze, G. 2016. Enhancing electricity production from wastewater using microbial fuel cells. Aulenta, F. and Majone, M. (ed.) EU-ISMET 2016: The 3rd European Meeting of the International Society for Microbial Electrochemistry and Technology. Department of Chemistry (NEC) Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy 26 - 28 Sep 2016 ISMET.

Novel P(3HB) Composite Films Containing Bioactive Glass Nanoparticles for Wound Healing Applications
Francis, L., Meng, D., Locke, I.C., Knowles, J.C., Mordan, N., Salih, V., Boccaccini, A.R. and Roy, I. 2016. Novel P(3HB) Composite Films Containing Bioactive Glass Nanoparticles for Wound Healing Applications. Polymer International. 65 (6), pp. 661-674. https://doi.org/10.1002/pi.5108

Contribution of direct electron transfer mechanisms to overall electron transfer in microbial fuel cells utilising Shewanella oneidensis as biocatalyst
Fapetu, S.A., Keshavarz, T., Clements, M.O. and Kyazze, G. 2016. Contribution of direct electron transfer mechanisms to overall electron transfer in microbial fuel cells utilising Shewanella oneidensis as biocatalyst. Biotechnology Letters. 38 (9), pp. 1465-1473. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-016-2128-x

Bacterial Cellulose: A sustainable source to develop value-added products - A review
Arévalo Gallegos, A.M., Carrera, S.H., Parra, R., Keshavarz, T. and Iqbal, H.M.N. 2016. Bacterial Cellulose: A sustainable source to develop value-added products - A review. BioResources. 11 (2). https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.11.2.Gallegos

Treatment of colour industry wastewaters with concomitant bioelectricity production in a sequential stacked mono-chamber microbial fuel cells–aerobic system
Kyazze, G., Fernando, E., Keshavarz, T. and Fonseka, K. 2016. Treatment of colour industry wastewaters with concomitant bioelectricity production in a sequential stacked mono-chamber microbial fuel cells–aerobic system. Environmental Technology. 37 (2), pp. 255-264. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2015.1068378

Enhancing electricity production in microbial fuel cells using defined co-cultures
Fapetu, S., Keshavarz, T., Clements, M.O. and Kyazze, G. 2015. Enhancing electricity production in microbial fuel cells using defined co-cultures. Postgraduate Fair. New Cavendish Street, London 30 Apr 2015

The effect of melanocortin peptides on Interleukin 1-beta induced chondrocyte cell death and inflammation
Can, V.C., Locke, I.C. and Getting, S.J. 2015. The effect of melanocortin peptides on Interleukin 1-beta induced chondrocyte cell death and inflammation. Physiology 2015 . Cardiff, UK. 08 Jul 2015

Urocortin – From Parkinson’s disease to the skeleton
Lawrence, K.M., Jackson, T.R, Jamieson, D., Stevens, A., Owens, G., Sayan, B.S, Locke, I.C. and Townsend, P.A. 2015. Urocortin – From Parkinson’s disease to the skeleton. International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology. 30, pp. 130-138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocel.2014.12.005

The effect of melanocortin peptides on Interleukin 1-beta induced chondrocyte cell death and inflammation
Can, V.C., Locke, I.C. and Getting, S.J. 2015. The effect of melanocortin peptides on Interleukin 1-beta induced chondrocyte cell death and inflammation. Physiology 2015. Cardiff Jun 2015

Development of bio-composites with novel characteristics through enzymatic grafting
Iqbal, H.M.N. 2015. Development of bio-composites with novel characteristics through enzymatic grafting. PhD thesis University of Westminster Faculty of Science and Technology https://doi.org/10.34737/9v61y

Development of novel antibacterial active, HaCaT biocompatible and biodegradable CA-g-P(3HB)-EC biocomposites with caffeic acid as a functional entity
Iqbal, H.M.N., Kyazze, G., Locke, I.C., Tron, T. and Keshavarz, T. 2015. Development of novel antibacterial active, HaCaT biocompatible and biodegradable CA-g-P(3HB)-EC biocomposites with caffeic acid as a functional entity. eXPRESS Polymer Letters. 9 (9), p. 764–772. https://doi.org/10.3144/expresspolymlett.2015.72

Dual production of biopolymers from bacteria
Sukan, A., Roy, I. and Keshavarz, T. 2015. Dual production of biopolymers from bacteria. Carbohydrate Polymers. 126, pp. 47-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.03.001

Development of bio-composites with novel characteristics: Evaluation of phenol-induced antibacterial, biocompatible and biodegradable behaviours
Iqbal, H.M.N., Kyazze, G., Locke, I.C., Tron, T. and Keshavarz, T. 2015. Development of bio-composites with novel characteristics: Evaluation of phenol-induced antibacterial, biocompatible and biodegradable behaviours. Carbohydrate Polymers. 131, pp. 197-207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.05.046

In-situ development of self-defensive antibacterial biomaterials: phenol-g-keratin-EC based bio-composites with characteristics for biomedical applications
Iqbal, H.M.N., Kyazze, G., Locke, I.C., Tron, T. and Keshavarz, T. 2015. In-situ development of self-defensive antibacterial biomaterials: phenol-g-keratin-EC based bio-composites with characteristics for biomedical applications. Green Chemistry. 17 (7), pp. 3858-3869. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5GC00715A

Laccase-assisted approach to graft multifunctional materials of interest: keratin-EC based novel composites and their characterisation
Iqbal, H.M.N., Kyazze, G., Keshavarz, T. and Tron, T. 2015. Laccase-assisted approach to graft multifunctional materials of interest: keratin-EC based novel composites and their characterisation. Macromolecular Materials and Engineering. 300 (7), pp. 712-720. https://doi.org/10.1002/mame.201500003

The effect of salinity, redox mediators and temperature on anaerobic biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in microbial fuel cells
Adelaja, O., Keshavarz, T. and Kyazze, G. 2015. The effect of salinity, redox mediators and temperature on anaerobic biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in microbial fuel cells. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 283, pp. 211-217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.08.066

Anatomy, embryology, and cell families
Locke, I.C. and Murray, J.F. 2014. Anatomy, embryology, and cell families. in: Orchard, G. and Nation, B. (ed.) Cell Structure & Function Oxford, UK Oxford University Press. pp. 82-110

The melanocortin receptor antagonist SHU9119 inhibits the anti-inflammatory/pro-resolving properties of a-MSH and D[TRP8]-y-MSH in lipopolysaccharide stimulated chondrocytes
Can, V.C., Locke, I.C. and Getting, S.J. 2014. The melanocortin receptor antagonist SHU9119 inhibits the anti-inflammatory/pro-resolving properties of a-MSH and D[TRP8]-y-MSH in lipopolysaccharide stimulated chondrocytes. Pharmacology 2014. Queen Elizabeth Centre II, London, UK 16 Dec 2014 British Pharmacological Society.

Agro-Industrial Waste Materials as Substrates for the Production of Poly(3-Hydroxybutyric Acid)
Sukan, A., Roy, I. and Keshavarz, T. 2014. Agro-Industrial Waste Materials as Substrates for the Production of Poly(3-Hydroxybutyric Acid). Journal of Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology. 5 (4), pp. 229-240. https://doi.org/10.4236/jbnb.2014.54027

Synthesis and characterisation of novel keratin-cellulose based graft composites
Iqbal, H.M.N., Kyazze, G., Keshavarz, T. and Tron, T. 2014. Synthesis and characterisation of novel keratin-cellulose based graft composites. University of Westminster Faculty of Science and Technology Postgraduate Fair. University of Westminster, London, UK 29 Apr 2014

Enzymatic grafting: A novel approach to develop multifunctional materials of interest
Iqbal, H.M.N., Kyazze, G., Keshavarz, T. and Tron, T. 2014. Enzymatic grafting: A novel approach to develop multifunctional materials of interest. 8th International Conference on Energy, Materials and Nanotechnology. Florida, USA 25 Nov 2014

Melanocortin peptides protect chondrocytes from mechanically induced cartilage injury
Kaneva, M., Kerrigan, M.J.P., Grieco, P., Curley, G.P., Locke, I.C. and Getting, S.J. 2014. Melanocortin peptides protect chondrocytes from mechanically induced cartilage injury. Biochemical Pharmacology. 92 (2), pp. 336-347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2014.08.019

Biocatalysis for bioelectricity production. Keynote guest lecture presented at the New Horizons in Biocatalysis for Biomaterials Workshop for early career researchers holding a PhD
Kyazze, G. 2014. Biocatalysis for bioelectricity production. Keynote guest lecture presented at the New Horizons in Biocatalysis for Biomaterials Workshop for early career researchers holding a PhD. New Horizons in Biocatalysis for Biomaterials Workshop. Department of Bioengineering, Ege University, Turkey 8-12th April 2014

Fermentation (industrial): control of fermentation conditions
Keshavarz, T. 2014. Fermentation (industrial): control of fermentation conditions. in: Batt, C.A. and Tortorello, M.L. (ed.) Encyclopedia of food microbiology, 2nd ed., vol. 1 Academic Press. pp. 762-768

“One-pot” synthesis and characterisation of novel P(3HB)-ethyl cellulose based graft composites through lipase catalysed esterification
Iqbal, H.M.N., Kyazze, G., Tron, T. and Keshavarz, T. 2014. “One-pot” synthesis and characterisation of novel P(3HB)-ethyl cellulose based graft composites through lipase catalysed esterification. Polymer Chemistry. 24, pp. 7004-7012. https://doi.org/10.1039/C4PY00857J

Complete degradation of the azo dye Acid Orange-7 and bioelectricity generation in an integrated microbial fuel cell, aerobic two-stage bioreactor system in continuous flow mode at ambient temperature
Fernando, E., Keshavarz, T. and Kyazze, G. 2014. Complete degradation of the azo dye Acid Orange-7 and bioelectricity generation in an integrated microbial fuel cell, aerobic two-stage bioreactor system in continuous flow mode at ambient temperature. Bioresource Technology. 156, pp. 155-162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2014.01.036

Enhanced biodegradation of phenanthrene using different inoculum types in a microbial fuel cell
Adelaja, O., Keshavarz, T. and Kyazze, G. 2014. Enhanced biodegradation of phenanthrene using different inoculum types in a microbial fuel cell. Engineering in Life Sciences. 14 (2), pp. 218-228. https://doi.org/10.1002/elsc.201300089

Microbial metabolism of quorum-sensing molecules acyl-homoserine lactones, γ-heptalactone and other lactones
Safari, M., Amache, R., Esmaeilishirazifard, E. and Keshavarz, T. 2014. Microbial metabolism of quorum-sensing molecules acyl-homoserine lactones, γ-heptalactone and other lactones. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 98 (8), pp. 3401-3412. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-014-5518-9

External resistance as a potential tool for influencing azo dye reductive decolourisation kinetics in microbial fuel cells
Fernando, E., Keshavarz, T. and Kyazze, G. 2014. External resistance as a potential tool for influencing azo dye reductive decolourisation kinetics in microbial fuel cells. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation. 89, pp. 7-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2013.12.011

Effect of hydraulic retention time on the performance of a novel tubular MFC fed with petroleum hydrocarbons
Adelaja, O., Kyazze, G. and Keshavarz, T. 2014. Effect of hydraulic retention time on the performance of a novel tubular MFC fed with petroleum hydrocarbons. New Biotechnology. 31, p. S98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbt.2014.05.1845

A preliminary study on the development and characterisation of enzymatically grafted P(3HB)-ethyl cellulose based novel composites
Iqbal, H.M.N., Kyazze, G., Tron, T. and Keshavarz, T. 2014. A preliminary study on the development and characterisation of enzymatically grafted P(3HB)-ethyl cellulose based novel composites. Cellulose. 21 (5), pp. 3613-3621. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-014-0337-9

Laccase-assisted grafting of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) onto the bacterial cellulose as backbone polymer: development and characterisation
Iqbal, H.M.N., Kyazze, G., Tron, T. and Keshavarz, T. 2014. Laccase-assisted grafting of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) onto the bacterial cellulose as backbone polymer: development and characterisation. Carbohydrate Polymers. 113, pp. 131-137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.07.003

Evidence for the involvement of intracellular Ca 2+ ions in the elicitation mechanism of Bacillus Licheniformis
Reffatti, P., Roy, I., Odell, M. and Keshavarz, T. 2013. Evidence for the involvement of intracellular Ca 2+ ions in the elicitation mechanism of Bacillus Licheniformis. Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology. OnlineFirst. https://doi.org/10.1159/000351515

Advances in the valorization of lignocellulosic materials by biotechnology: an overview
Iqbal, H.M.N., Kyazze, G. and Keshavarz, T. 2013. Advances in the valorization of lignocellulosic materials by biotechnology: an overview. BioResources. 8 (2), pp. 3157-3176. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.8.2.3157-3176

Advances in PHAs Production
Amache, R., Sukan, A., Safari, M., Roy, I. and Keshavarz, T. 2013. Advances in PHAs Production . Chemical Engineering Transactions. 32, pp. 931-936. https://doi.org/10.3303/CET1332156

Laccase-assisted bio-grafting of polyhydroxy-alkanoates (PHAs) onto the ethyl cellulose (EC) backbone
Iqbal, H.M.N., Kyazze, G., Keshavarz, T. and Tron, T. 2013. Laccase-assisted bio-grafting of polyhydroxy-alkanoates (PHAs) onto the ethyl cellulose (EC) backbone. University of Westminster Faculty of Science and Technology Postgraduate Fair. University of Westminster, London, UK 25 Apr 2013

Neuroprotective efficacy of the endogenous neuropeptide Urocortin in a oxygen-glucose deprivation model of transient cerebral ischaemia with reperfusion
Ashioti, M., Getting, S.J., Locke, I.C. and Milton, N.G.N. 2013. Neuroprotective efficacy of the endogenous neuropeptide Urocortin in a oxygen-glucose deprivation model of transient cerebral ischaemia with reperfusion. British Neuroscience Association 22nd Biennial Meeting. London 7th-10th April 2013

Integration of biohydrogen, biomethane and bioelectrochemical systems
Premier, G.C., Kim, J.R., Massanet-Nicolau, S., Kyazze, G., Esteves, S., Penumathsa, B.K.V., Rodríguez, J., Maddy, J., Dinsdale, R.M. and Guwy, A.J. 2013. Integration of biohydrogen, biomethane and bioelectrochemical systems. Renewable Energy. 49, pp. 188-192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2012.01.035

Simultaneous co-metabolic decolourisation of azo dye mixtures and bio-electricity generation under thermophillic (50°C) and saline conditions by an adapted anaerobic mixed culture in microbial fuel cells
Fernando, E., Keshavarz, T. and Kyazze, G. 2013. Simultaneous co-metabolic decolourisation of azo dye mixtures and bio-electricity generation under thermophillic (50°C) and saline conditions by an adapted anaerobic mixed culture in microbial fuel cells. Bioresource Technology. 127, pp. 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.09.065

Urocortin protects chondrocytes from NO-induced apoptosis: a future therapy for osteoarthritis?
Intekhab Alam, N.Y., White, O.B., Getting, S.J., Petsa, A., Knight, R.A., Townsend, P.A., Lawrence, K.M. and Locke, I.C. 2013. Urocortin protects chondrocytes from NO-induced apoptosis: a future therapy for osteoarthritis? Cell Death and Disease. 4, p. e717. https://doi.org/10.1038/cddis.2013.231

Aspirin-loaded P(3HO)/P(3HB) blend films: potential materials for biodegradable drug-eluting stents
Basnett, P., Ching, K.Y., Stolz, M., Knowles, J.C., Boccaccini, A.R., Smith, C.L., Locke, I.C. and Roy, I. 2013. Aspirin-loaded P(3HO)/P(3HB) blend films: potential materials for biodegradable drug-eluting stents. Bioinspired, Biomimetic and Nanobiomaterials. 2 (3), pp. 141-153. https://doi.org/10.1680/bbn.13.00009

Novel Poly(3-hydroxyoctanoate)/Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) blends for medical applications
Basnett, P., Ching, K.Y., Stolz, M., Knowles, J.C., Boccaccini, A.R., Smith, C.L., Locke, I.C., Keshavarz, T. and Roy, I. 2013. Novel Poly(3-hydroxyoctanoate)/Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) blends for medical applications. Reactive and Functional Polymers. 73 (10), pp. 1340-1348. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2013.03.019

Novel methods for the quantification of changes in actin organization in chondrocytes using fluorescent imaging and linear profiling
Qusous, A., Parker, E., Geewan, C., Kapasi, A., Getting, S.J., Hucklebridge, F., Keshavarz, T. and Kerrigan, M.J.P. 2012. Novel methods for the quantification of changes in actin organization in chondrocytes using fluorescent imaging and linear profiling. Microscopy Research and Technique. 75 (7), pp. 991-999. https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.22055

Is quorum sensing involved in lovastatin production in the filamentous fungus Aspergillus terreus?
Raina, S., De Vizio, D., Palonen, E.K., Odell, M., Brandt, A.M., Soini, J.T. and Keshavarz, T. 2012. Is quorum sensing involved in lovastatin production in the filamentous fungus Aspergillus terreus? Process Biochemistry. 47 (5), pp. 843-852. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2012.02.021

Urocortin is a novel regulator of osteoclast differentiation and function through inhibition of a canonical transient receptor potential 1-like cation channel
Combs, C., Fuller, K., Kumar, H., Albert, A.P., Pirianov, G., McCormick, J., Locke, I.C., Chambers, T.J. and Lawrence, K.M. 2012. Urocortin is a novel regulator of osteoclast differentiation and function through inhibition of a canonical transient receptor potential 1-like cation channel. Journal of Endocrinology. 212 (2), pp. 187-197. https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-11-0254

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) production by Bacillus cereus SPV using sugarcane molasses as the main carbon source
Akaraonye, E., Moreno, C., Knowles, J.C., Keshavarz, T. and Roy, I. 2012. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) production by Bacillus cereus SPV using sugarcane molasses as the main carbon source. Biotechnology Journal. 7 (2), pp. 293-303. https://doi.org/10.1002/biot.201100122

Simultaneous co-metabolic azo dye decolourisation and bio-electricity generation in microbial fuel cells
Fernando, E., Keshavarz, T. and Kyazze, G. 2012. Simultaneous co-metabolic azo dye decolourisation and bio-electricity generation in microbial fuel cells. Electron transfer at the microbe-mineral interface. University of East Anglia 02 - 04 Apr 2012 The Biochemical Society.

Phenanthrene degradation and concomitant electricity generation using a bioelectrochemical process
Adelaja, O., Keshavarz, T. and Kyazze, G. 2012. Phenanthrene degradation and concomitant electricity generation using a bioelectrochemical process . Electrochem 2012 - Electrochemical Horizons. Dublin 02 - 04 Sep 2012 Royal Society of Chemistry.

Laccase bio-grafting a versatile modification tool from green chemistry technologies
Iqbal, H.M.N., Tron, T. and Keshavarz, T. 2012. Laccase bio-grafting a versatile modification tool from green chemistry technologies. University of Westminster Faculty of Science and Technology Postgraduate Fair. University of Westminster, London, UK 26 Apr 2012

γ-Heptalactone is an endogenously produced quorum-sensing molecule regulating growth and secondary metabolite production by Aspergillus nidulans
Williams, H.E., Steele, J.C.P., Clements, M.O. and Keshavarz, T. 2012. γ-Heptalactone is an endogenously produced quorum-sensing molecule regulating growth and secondary metabolite production by Aspergillus nidulans. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 96 (3), pp. 773-781. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-012-4065-5

Enhanced production of the polyhydroxyalkanoate, P(3HB), from cacillus cereus SPV and its applications in cartilage regeneration
Everest, A., Keshavarz, T. and Roy, I. 2012. Enhanced production of the polyhydroxyalkanoate, P(3HB), from cacillus cereus SPV and its applications in cartilage regeneration. Gordon Research Conference on Biopolymers. Salve Regina University, Newport, Rhode Island, USA 3-8 June 2012

The anti-inflammatory effects of melanocortin peptides in lipopolysaccharide activated chondrocytes
Can, V.C., Kaneva, M., Kerrigan, M.J.P., Locke, I.C. and Getting, S.J. 2012. The anti-inflammatory effects of melanocortin peptides in lipopolysaccharide activated chondrocytes. British Phamacological Society Winter Meeting 2012. London, UK 18th-20th December

Novel biodegradable and biocompatible poly(3-hydroxyoctanoate)/bacterial cellulose composites
Basnett, P., Knowles, J.C., Pishbin, F., Smith, C.L., Keshavarz, T., Boccaccini, A.R. and Roy, I. 2012. Novel biodegradable and biocompatible poly(3-hydroxyoctanoate)/bacterial cellulose composites. Advanced Engineering Materials. 14 (6), pp. B330-B343. https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.201180076

Enhanced bio-decolourisation of acid orange 7 by Shewanella oneidensis through co-metabolism in a microbial fuel cell
Fernando, E., Keshavarz, T. and Kyazze, G. 2012. Enhanced bio-decolourisation of acid orange 7 by Shewanella oneidensis through co-metabolism in a microbial fuel cell. International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation. 72, pp. 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2012.04.010

Chondroprotective and anti-inflammatory role of melanocortin peptides in TNF-α activated human C-20/A4 chondrocytes
Kaneva, M., Kerrigan, M.J.P., Grieco, P., Curley, G.P., Locke, I.C. and Getting, S.J. 2012. Chondroprotective and anti-inflammatory role of melanocortin peptides in TNF-α activated human C-20/A4 chondrocytes. British Journal of Pharmacology. 167 (1), pp. 67-79. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01968.x

Poly-3-hydroxyoctanoate P(3HO), a medium chain length polyhydroxyalkanoate homopolymer from Pseudomonas mendocina
Rai, R., Yunos, D.M., Boccaccini, A.R., Knowles, J.C., Barker, I.A., Howdle, S.M., Tredwell, G.D., Keshavarz, T. and Roy, I. 2011. Poly-3-hydroxyoctanoate P(3HO), a medium chain length polyhydroxyalkanoate homopolymer from Pseudomonas mendocina. Biomacromolecules. 12 (6), pp. 2126-2136. https://doi.org/10.1021/bm2001999

Enhanced intracellular Ca(2+) concentrations in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis after addition of oligosaccharide elicitors
Murphy, T., Nilsson, A., Roy, I., Harrop, A., Dixon, K. and Keshavarz, T. 2011. Enhanced intracellular Ca(2+) concentrations in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis after addition of oligosaccharide elicitors. Biotechnology Letters. 33 (5), pp. 985-991. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-010-0511-6

Medium chain length polyhydroxyalkanoates, promising new biomedical materials for the future
Rai, R., Keshavarz, T., Roether, J.A., Boccaccini, A.R. and Roy, I. 2011. Medium chain length polyhydroxyalkanoates, promising new biomedical materials for the future. Materials Science and Engineering R: Reports. 72 (3), pp. 29-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mser.2010.11.002

Application of fluorescent indicators to analyse intracellular calcium and morphology in filamentous fungi
Nair, R.R., Raina, S., Keshavarz, T. and Kerrigan, M.J.P. 2011. Application of fluorescent indicators to analyse intracellular calcium and morphology in filamentous fungi. Fungal Biology. 115 (4-5), pp. 326-334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2010.12.012

Production of polyhydroxyalkanoates and their medical applications
Roy, I., Akaraonye, E., Francis, L., Rai, R., Basnett, P. and Keshavarz, T. 2011. Production of polyhydroxyalkanoates and their medical applications. 7th International Conference on Polymer and Textile Biotechnology. Milan, Italy 2nd - 4th March 2011

Chondrocyte CRF receptor expression and Urocortin I mediated chondroprotection
White, O.B., Intekhab-Alam, N.Y., Chowdrey, H.S., Knight, R.A., Locke, I.C. and Intekhab Alam, N.Y. 2011. Chondrocyte CRF receptor expression and Urocortin I mediated chondroprotection. Rheumatology 2011. Brighton, UK 12th-14th April 2011

Production of polyhydroxyalkanoates and their biomedical applications
Roy, I., Akaraonye, E., Francis, L., Rai, R., Basnett, P. and Keshavarz, T. 2011. Production of polyhydroxyalkanoates and their biomedical applications. Euro BioMat 2011 - European Symposium on Biomaterials and Related Areas. Jena, Germany

α-MSH and [DTRP]8-γ-MSH inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokine release from stimulated primary bovine chondrocytes
Kaneva, M., Kerrigan, M.J.P., Locke, I.C. and Getting, S.J. 2011. α-MSH and [DTRP]8-γ-MSH inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokine release from stimulated primary bovine chondrocytes. 10th World Congress on Inflammation. Paris, France 25–29 June 2011

MC1 and MC3 activation inhibits caspase-3 production and activity, promotes cell-viability, and induces IL-10 and HO-1 release from human C20/A4 chondrocytes
Kaneva, M., Kerrigan, M.J.P., Locke, I.C. and Getting, S.J. 2011. MC1 and MC3 activation inhibits caspase-3 production and activity, promotes cell-viability, and induces IL-10 and HO-1 release from human C20/A4 chondrocytes. Physiological Society Meeting 23. University of Oxford

Controlled delivery of gentamicin using poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) microspheres
Francis, L., Meng, D., Knowles, J.C., Keshavarz, T., Boccaccini, A.R. and Roy, I. 2011. Controlled delivery of gentamicin using poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) microspheres. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 12 (7), pp. 4294-4314. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms12074294

Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA): bacterial cellulose composites for biomedical applications
Basnett, P., Smith, C.L., Boccaccini, A.R., Knowles, J.C., Keshavarz, T. and Roy, I. 2011. Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA): bacterial cellulose composites for biomedical applications. 24th European Conference on Biomaterials - Annual Conference of the European Society for Biomaterials. Dublin, Ireland Sept 2011

The homopolymer poly(3-hydroxyoctanoate) as a matrix material for soft tissue engineering
Rai, R., Boccaccini, A.R., Knowles, J.C., Mordon, N., Salih, V., Locke, I.C., Moshrefi-Torbati, M., Keshavarz, T. and Roy, I. 2011. The homopolymer poly(3-hydroxyoctanoate) as a matrix material for soft tissue engineering. Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 122 (6), pp. 3606-3617. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.34772

Impact of linoleic acid supplementation on lovastatin production in Aspergillus terreus cultures
Sorrentino, F., Roy, I. and Keshavarz, T. 2010. Impact of linoleic acid supplementation on lovastatin production in Aspergillus terreus cultures. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 88 (1), pp. 65-73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-010-2722-0

Enhanced and economical production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), a biodegradable polymer and its applications
Akaraonye, E., Safarikova, M., Keshavarz, T. and Roy, I. 2010. Enhanced and economical production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), a biodegradable polymer and its applications. 12th International Symposium on Biodegradable Polyesters. Stuttgart, Germany.

Influence of catholyte pH and temperature on hydrogen production from acetate using a two chamber concentric tubular microbial electrolysis cell
Kyazze, G., Popov, A., Dinsdale, R.M., Esteves, S., Hawkes, F.R., Premier, G.C. and Guwy, A.J. 2010. Influence of catholyte pH and temperature on hydrogen production from acetate using a two chamber concentric tubular microbial electrolysis cell. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 35 (15), pp. 7716-7722. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.05.036

Quorum sensing as a method for improving sclerotiorin production in Penicillium sclerotiorum
Raina, S., Odell, M. and Keshavarz, T. 2010. Quorum sensing as a method for improving sclerotiorin production in Penicillium sclerotiorum. Journal of Biotechnology. 148 (2-3), pp. 91-98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.04.009

Polyhydroxyalkanoates: bioplastics with a green agenda
Keshavarz, T. and Roy, I. 2010. Polyhydroxyalkanoates: bioplastics with a green agenda. Current Opinion in Microbiology. 13 (3), pp. 321-326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mib.2010.02.006

Production of polyhydroxyalkanoates: the future green materials of choice
Akaraonye, E., Keshavarz, T. and Roy, I. 2010. Production of polyhydroxyalkanoates: the future green materials of choice. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology. 85 (6), pp. 732-743. https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.2392

Mechanisms of Urocortin family peptide mediated chondroprotection
White, O.B., Intekhab Alam, N.Y., Chowdrey, H.S., Knight, R.A. and Locke, I.C. 2010. Mechanisms of Urocortin family peptide mediated chondroprotection. OARSI 2010 World Congress on Osteoarthritis. Brussels, Belgium September 23-26, 2010 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1063-4584(10)60288-9

The effect of indentor shape on the creep curves of collagen gel
Locke, I.C., White, O.B., Trwoga, P. and Afoke, A. 2010. The effect of indentor shape on the creep curves of collagen gel. OARSI 2010 World Congress on Osteoarthritis. Brussels, Belgium September 23-26, 2010 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1063-4584(10)60511-0

α-MSH and dTRP8-γ-MSH inhibit TNF-α induced MMP 1 and 13 expression in human C20/A4 chondrocytes
Kaneva, M., Locke, I.C., Kerrigan, M.J.P. and Getting, S.J. 2010. α-MSH and dTRP8-γ-MSH inhibit TNF-α induced MMP 1 and 13 expression in human C20/A4 chondrocytes. British Pharmacological Society Winter Meeting 2010. London, UK 14th-16th December 2010

Melanocortin peptides modulate pro-inflammatory mediator release from TNF-a stimulated C-20/A4 cells
Kaneva, M., Kerrigan, M.J.P., Locke, I.C. and Getting, S.J. 2010. Melanocortin peptides modulate pro-inflammatory mediator release from TNF-a stimulated C-20/A4 cells. British Orthopaedic Research Society Annual Meeting. Newcastle upon Tyne 22 - 23 Jun 2009 Wiley. pp. PO136

The MC3 agonist dTRP8-γ-MSH inhibits IL-6 and IL-8 release from TNF-α stimulated C-20/A4 chondrocytes, an effect blocked by the MC3R antagonist SHU9119
Kaneva, M., Kerrigan, M.J.P., Locke, I.C. and Getting, S.J. 2010. The MC3 agonist dTRP8-γ-MSH inhibits IL-6 and IL-8 release from TNF-α stimulated C-20/A4 chondrocytes, an effect blocked by the MC3R antagonist SHU9119. Physiology 2010. University of Manchester 30 June - 2 July 2010

Fabrication of a novel poly(3-hydroxyoctanoate) / nanoscale bioactive glass composite film with potential as a multifunctional wound dressing
Rai, R., Boccaccini, A.R., Knowles, J.C., Locke, I.C., Gordge, M.P., McCormick, A., Salih, V., Mordon, N., Keshavarz, T. and Roy, I. 2010. Fabrication of a novel poly(3-hydroxyoctanoate) / nanoscale bioactive glass composite film with potential as a multifunctional wound dressing. 5th international conference on times of polymers (TOP) and composites. Ischia, Italy 20–23 June 2010 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3455552

The influence of tetracycline loading on the surface morphology and biocompatibility of films made from P(3HB) microspheres
Francis, L., Meng, D., Locke, I.C., Mordon, N., Salih, V., Knowles, J.C., Boccaccini, A.R. and Roy, I. 2010. The influence of tetracycline loading on the surface morphology and biocompatibility of films made from P(3HB) microspheres. Advanced Engineering Materials. 12 (7), pp. B260-B268. https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.201080020

Direct fermentation of fodder maize, chicory fructans and perennial ryegrass to hydrogen using mixed microflora
Kyazze, G., Dinsdale, R.M., Hawkes, F.R., Guwy, A.J., Premier, G.C. and Donnison, I.S. 2009. Direct fermentation of fodder maize, chicory fructans and perennial ryegrass to hydrogen using mixed microflora. Bioresource Technology. 99 (18), pp. 8833-8839. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2008.04.047

Microbial quorum sensing: a tool or a target for antimicrobial therapy?
Raina, S., De Vizio, D., Odell, M., Clements, M.O., Vanhulle, S. and Keshavarz, T. 2009. Microbial quorum sensing: a tool or a target for antimicrobial therapy? Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry. 54 (2), pp. 65-84. https://doi.org/10.1042/BA20090072

Quantitative PCR study on the mode of action of oligosaccharide elicitors on penicillin G production by Penicillium chrysogenum
Nair, R.R., Roy, I., Bucke, C. and Keshavarz, T. 2009. Quantitative PCR study on the mode of action of oligosaccharide elicitors on penicillin G production by Penicillium chrysogenum. Journal of Applied Microbiology. 107 (4), pp. 1131-1139. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04293.x

Pro-inflammatory mediator release from TNF-α stimulated C-20/A4 cells results in Col II degradation
Kaneva, M., Kerrigan, M.J.P., Locke, I.C. and Getting, S.J. 2009. Pro-inflammatory mediator release from TNF-α stimulated C-20/A4 cells results in Col II degradation. British Orthopaedic Research Society (BORS) Annual Meeting. Newcastle 22nd - 23rd June 2009

Effect of impeller speed and pH on the production of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) using Bacillus cereus SPV
Philip, S.E., Sengupta, S., Keshavarz, T. and Roy, I. 2009. Effect of impeller speed and pH on the production of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) using Bacillus cereus SPV. Biomacromolecules. 10 (4), pp. 691-699. https://doi.org/10.1021/bm801395p

Polyhydroxyalkanoate synthases-enzymes involved in biodegradable polymer synthesis
Roy, I., Philip, S.E. and Keshavarz, T. 2009. Polyhydroxyalkanoate synthases-enzymes involved in biodegradable polymer synthesis. COST Action 868: Biotechnical Functionalisation of Renewable Polymeric Materials : Meeting on "Biotechnology and Biopolymers in Textile, Packaging, Cosmetics and Medical Applications". Istanbul, Turkey 19 - 20 Feb 2009

Microbial PHA biosynthesis and its biomedical applications
Roy, I., Philip, S.E., Francis, L., Rai, R., Keshavarz, T., Misra, S.K., Decheng, M. and Boccaccini, A.R. 2009. Microbial PHA biosynthesis and its biomedical applications. in: Proceedings of Euromat 2009, Glasgow, 7 - 10 September 2009 Euromat.

Melanocortin peptides modulate pro-inflammatory mediator release from TNF-a stimulated C-20/A4 cells
Kaneva, M., Kerrigan, M.J.P., Locke, I.C. and Getting, S.J. 2009. Melanocortin peptides modulate pro-inflammatory mediator release from TNF-a stimulated C-20/A4 cells. pA2 Online. From the Queen Elizabeth II Conference Centre London, Winter 2009 Meeting: Proceedings of the British Pharmacological Society.

Feedstocks for BES conversions
Hawkes, F.R., Kim, J.R., Kyazze, G. and Premier, G.C. 2009. Feedstocks for BES conversions. in: Rabaey, K., Angenent, L., Schroder, U. and Keller, J. (ed.) Bioelectrochemical systems: from extracellular electron transfer to biotechnological application London IWA Publishing.

P(3HB) production by Bacillus cereus SPV using sucrose as a carbon source
Akaraonye, E., Keshavarz, T. and Roy, I. 2009. P(3HB) production by Bacillus cereus SPV using sucrose as a carbon source. in: Kiekens, P., Nierstrasz, V. and Lenting, H.B.M. (ed.) Proceedings of the international conference on textile and polymer biotechnology 6th Het Pand, Ghent, Belgium 23-25 September 2009 Ghent University. Department of Textiles Ghent.

Melanocortin peptide therapy for the treatment of arthritic pathologies
Getting, S.J., Kaneva, M., Bhadresa, Y., Renshaw, D., Leoni, G., Patel, H.B., Kerrigan, M.J.P. and Locke, I.C. 2009. Melanocortin peptide therapy for the treatment of arthritic pathologies. The Scientific World Journal. 9, pp. 1394-1414. https://doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2009.163

ADM1 can be applied to continuous bio-hydrogen production using a variable stoichiometry approach
Penumathsa, B.K.V., Premier, G.C., Kyazze, G., Dinsdale, R.M., Guwy, A.J., Esteves, S. and Rodríguez, J. 2008. ADM1 can be applied to continuous bio-hydrogen production using a variable stoichiometry approach. Water Research. 42 (16), pp. 4379-4385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2008.07.030

Elicitation effects of oligosaccharides on the transcriptional level of bacitracin ABC transporter genes in Bacillus licheniformis
Murphy, T., Roy, I., Harrop, A., Dixon, K. and Keshavarz, T. 2008. Elicitation effects of oligosaccharides on the transcriptional level of bacitracin ABC transporter genes in Bacillus licheniformis. Biotechnology Letters. 30 (9), pp. 1665-1670. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-008-9743-0

Dye decolorisation by laccase entrapped in copper alginate
Teerapatsakul, C., Bucke, C., Parra, R., Keshavarz, T. and Chitradon, L. 2008. Dye decolorisation by laccase entrapped in copper alginate. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology. 24 (8), pp. 1367-1374. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-007-9617-y

Towards higher laccase activities produced by aquatic ascomycetous fungi through combination of elicitors and an alternative substrate
Junghanns, C., Parra, R., Keshavarz, T. and Schlosser, D. 2008. Towards higher laccase activities produced by aquatic ascomycetous fungi through combination of elicitors and an alternative substrate. Engineering in Life Sciences. 8 (3), pp. 277-285. https://doi.org/10.1002/elsc.200800042

Microbial biosynthesis of PHAs and its applications
Roy, I., Philip, S.E., Francis, L., Rai, R., Valappil, S.P., Markiv, A., Keshavarz, T., Misra, S.K., Decheng, M. and Boccaccini, A.R. 2008. Microbial biosynthesis of PHAs and its applications. COST Action 868: Biotechnical Functionalisation of Renewable Polymeric Materials: 2008 Annual Workshop (combined Working Group and Management Committee meeting). Varna, Bulgaria 18 -19 Sep 2008

Microbial PHA biosynthesis and its applications
Roy, I., Philip, S.E., Francis, L., Rai, R., Valappil, S.P., Markiv, A., Keshavarz, T., Misra, S.K., Decheng, M. and Boccaccini, A.R. 2008. Microbial PHA biosynthesis and its applications. 11th International Symposium on Biodegradable Polyesters. Massey University in Auckland, New Zealand 23 - 26 Nov 2008

Production of medium chain length polyhydroxyalkanoates using Pseudomonas species
Rai, R., Keshavarz, T. and Roy, I. 2008. Production of medium chain length polyhydroxyalkanoates using Pseudomonas species. 11th International Symposium on Biodegradable Polyesters. Massey University in Auckland, New Zealand 23 - 26 Nov 2008

Polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase in Bacillus cereus SPV, a class IV PHA synthase
Philip, S.E., Odell, M., Keshavarz, T. and Roy, I. 2008. Polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase in Bacillus cereus SPV, a class IV PHA synthase. 11th International Symposium on Biodegradable Polyesters. Massey University in Auckland, New Zealand 23 - 26 Nov 2008

Optimisation studies of multiple elicitor addition in microbial systems: P.Chrysogenum and B.Lichiniformis
Nair, R.R., Murphy, T., Roy, I., Harrop, A., Dixon, K. and Keshavarz, T. 2008. Optimisation studies of multiple elicitor addition in microbial systems: P.Chrysogenum and B.Lichiniformis. in: Marino, G., Bardone, E. and Viglia, A. (ed.) IBIC2008 - 1st International Conference on Industrial Biotechnology AIDIC Servizi S.r.l..

Polyhydroxyalkanoate synthasis using Bacillus cereus SPV
Francis, L., Keshavarz, T. and Roy, I. 2008. Polyhydroxyalkanoate synthasis using Bacillus cereus SPV. COST Action 868: Biotechnical Functionalisation of Renewable Polymeric Materials: 2008 Annual Workshop (combined Working Group and Management Committee meeting). Varna, Bulgaria 18 -19 Sep 2008

Large-scale production and efficient recovery of PHB with desirable material properties, from the newly characterised Bacillus cereus SPV
Valappil, S.P., Misra, S.K., Boccaccini, A.R., Keshavarz, T., Bucke, C. and Roy, I. 2007. Large-scale production and efficient recovery of PHB with desirable material properties, from the newly characterised Bacillus cereus SPV. Journal of Biotechnology. 132 (3), pp. 251-258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2007.03.013

Effect of oligosaccharide elicitors on bacitracin A production and evidence of transcriptional level control
Keshavarz, T., Murphy, T., Roy, I., Harrop, A. and Dixon, K. 2007. Effect of oligosaccharide elicitors on bacitracin A production and evidence of transcriptional level control. Journal of Biotechnology. 131 (4), pp. 397-403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2007.07.943

Performance characteristics of a two stage process producing hydrogen and methane continuously
Kyazze, G. 2007. Performance characteristics of a two stage process producing hydrogen and methane continuously. Biotechnology and Bioengineering. 97 (4), pp. 759-770. https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.21297

Effect of mannan oligosaccharide elicitor and ferulic acid on enhancement of laccases production in liquid cultures of basidiomycetes
Vanhulle, S., Radman, R., Parra, R., Cui, T., Bols, C.M., Tron, T., Sannia, G. and Keshavarz, T. 2007. Effect of mannan oligosaccharide elicitor and ferulic acid on enhancement of laccases production in liquid cultures of basidiomycetes. Enzyme and Microbial Technology. 40 (7), pp. 1712-1718. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enzmictec.2006.10.002

Novel application of oligosaccharides as elicitors for the enhancement of bacitracin A production in cultures of Bacillus licheniformis
Murphy, T., Parra, R., Radman, R., Roy, I., Harrop, A., Dixon, K. and Keshavarz, T. 2007. Novel application of oligosaccharides as elicitors for the enhancement of bacitracin A production in cultures of Bacillus licheniformis. Enzyme and Microbial Technology. 40 (6), pp. 1518-1523. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enzmictec.2006.10.030

Polyhydroxyalkanoates: biodegradable polymers with a range of applications
Philip, S.E., Keshavarz, T. and Roy, I. 2007. Polyhydroxyalkanoates: biodegradable polymers with a range of applications. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology. 82 (3), pp. 233-247. https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.1667

The potential for hydrogen-enriched biogas production from crops: scenarios in the UK
Martinez-Perez, N., Cherryman, S.J., Premier, G.C., Dinsdale, R.M., Hawkes, D.L., Hawkes, F.R., Kyazze, G. and Guwy, A.J. 2007. The potential for hydrogen-enriched biogas production from crops: scenarios in the UK. Biomass & Bioenergy. 31 (2-3), pp. 95-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2006.07.003

Continuous dark fermentative hydrogen production by mesophilic microflora: principles and progress
Hawkes, F.R., Hussy, I., Dinsdale, R.M., Hawkes, D.L. and Kyazze, G. 2007. Continuous dark fermentative hydrogen production by mesophilic microflora: principles and progress. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 32 (2), pp. 172-184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2006.08.014

Production of Polyhydroxyalkanoates from Bacillus cereus SPV under different nutrient limiting conditions
Rai, R., Padinhara, S.V., Keshavarz, T. and Roy, I. 2007. Production of Polyhydroxyalkanoates from Bacillus cereus SPV under different nutrient limiting conditions. COST Action 868: Biotechnical Functionalisation of Renewable Polymeric Materials: first annual workshop. Graz, Austria 12 - 14 Sep 2007

Production of medium chain length polyhydroxyalkanoates using pseudomonas species UOW0417398
Rai, R., Keshavarz, T. and Roy, I. 2007. Production of medium chain length polyhydroxyalkanoates using pseudomonas species UOW0417398. International Conference on Biodegradable Polymers: their production, characterisation and application. SCI, London 10 Dec 2007

Polyhydroxy-alkanoates - the biodegradable polymers
Philip, S.E., Odell, M., Keshavarz, T. and Roy, I. 2007. Polyhydroxy-alkanoates - the biodegradable polymers. International Conference on Biodegradable Polymers: their production, characterisation and application. SCI, London 10 Dec 2007

Biosynthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoates and their applications
Francis, L., Keshavarz, T. and Roy, I. 2007. Biosynthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoates and their applications. International Conference on Biodegradable Polymers: their production, characterisation and application. SCI, London 10 Dec 2007

Interactions between cell surface protein disulphide isomerase and S-nitrosoglutathione during nitric oxide delivery
Shah, C.M., Bell, S.E., Locke, I.C., Chowdrey, H.S. and Gordge, M.P. 2007. Interactions between cell surface protein disulphide isomerase and S-nitrosoglutathione during nitric oxide delivery. Nitric Oxide. 16 (1), pp. 135-142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.niox.2006.08.001

The corticotrophin-releasing factor-like peptide urocortin reverses key deficits in two rodent models of Parkinson's disease
Abuirmeileh, A., Lever, R., Kingsbury, A.E., Lees, A.J., Locke, I.C., Knight, R.A., Chowdrey, H.S., Biggs, C.S. and Whitton, P.S. 2007. The corticotrophin-releasing factor-like peptide urocortin reverses key deficits in two rodent models of Parkinson's disease. European Journal of Neuroscience. 26 (2), pp. 417-423. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05653.x

Effects of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides on the generation of reactive oxygen species in different biological systems
Radman, R., Bland, E.J., Sangworachat, N., Bucke, C. and Keshavarz, T. 2006. Effects of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides on the generation of reactive oxygen species in different biological systems. Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry. 44 (3), pp. 129-133. https://doi.org/10.1042/BA20050217

Influence of substrate concentration on the stability and yield of continuous biohydrogen production
Kyazze, G., Martinez-Perez, N., Dinsdale, R.M., Hawkes, F.R., Hawkes, D.L. and Guwy, A.J. 2006. Influence of substrate concentration on the stability and yield of continuous biohydrogen production. Biotechnology and Bioengineering. 93 (5), pp. 971-979. https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.20802

Cell immobilization: past, present and future prospects
Keshavarz, T. and Nedovic, V. 2006. Cell immobilization: past, present and future prospects. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology. 81 (4), pp. 483-484. https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.1517

Specificities of proteases for use in leather manufacture
Foroughi, F., Keshavarz, T. and Evans, C.S. 2006. Specificities of proteases for use in leather manufacture. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology. 81 (3), pp. 257-261. https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.1367

Comparative studies on the influence of higher basidiomycetes polysaccharide fractions on reactive oxidizing species production
Lakkireddy, G., Keshavarz, T. and Bucke, C. 2006. Comparative studies on the influence of higher basidiomycetes polysaccharide fractions on reactive oxidizing species production. International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms. 8 (2), pp. 135-148. https://doi.org/10.1615/IntJMedMushr.v8.i2

Biological activity of industrial wood and bark waste from Pinus nigra
Curras Lino, M., Radman, R., Bertaud, F., Nisula, L., Lenon, G., Holbom, B., Locke, I.C., Thompson, S. and Keshavarz, T. 2006. Biological activity of industrial wood and bark waste from Pinus nigra. in: Actual problems of creation of new medicinal preparations of natural origin: the 10th international congress PHYTOPHARM 2006, St.-Petersburg, June 27-30, 2006: proceedings of congress St Petersburg, Russia PHYTOPHARM. pp. 401-403

Cytotoxicity of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) oil and its major components to human skin cells
Prashar, A., Locke, I.C. and Evans, C.S. 2006. Cytotoxicity of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) oil and its major components to human skin cells. Cell Proliferation. 39 (4), pp. 241-248. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2184.2006.00384.x

Polyhydroxyalkanoate synthases: the enzymes involved in biodegradable polymer synthesis
Valappil, S.P., Philip, S.E., Odell, M., Keshavarz, T. and Roy, I. 2005. Polyhydroxyalkanoate synthases: the enzymes involved in biodegradable polymer synthesis. Proceedings of Frontiers in Chemical Biology: Mechanistic Enzymology and Biocatalysis. Exeter, UK 31 Aug - 02 Sep 2005

Large scale production of P(3HB) from newly isolated Bacillus sp.
Valappil, S.P., Keshavarz, T., Bucke, C. and Roy, I. 2005. Large scale production of P(3HB) from newly isolated Bacillus sp. Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Environmental Industrial and Applied Microbiology. Badajoz, Spain 15 - 18 Mar 2005

Interactions between cell surface protein disulphide isomerase and S-nitrosoglutathione during nitric oxide delivery into MEG-01 megakaryocytes
Shah, C.M., Walters, S.E., Locke, I.C., Chowdrey, H.S. and Gordge, M.P. 2005. Interactions between cell surface protein disulphide isomerase and S-nitrosoglutathione during nitric oxide delivery into MEG-01 megakaryocytes. Ireland-UK Platelet Conference 2005. Dublin, Ireland 04-06 Sep 2005

Towards unravelling the elicitation mechanism in cultures of Penicillium chrysogenin: Chrysogenin elicitation
Nair, R.R., Radman, R., Roy, I., Bucke, C. and Keshavarz, T. 2005. Towards unravelling the elicitation mechanism in cultures of Penicillium chrysogenin: Chrysogenin elicitation. in: Pierucci, S. (ed.) 7th Italian Conference on Chemical and Process Engineering: ICheaP 7, May 15-16, 2005, Giardini Di Naxos, Italy Italy Associazione Italiana Di Ingegneria Chimica.

Production of biopharmaceuticals through microbial cell immobilization
Keshavarz, T. 2005. Production of biopharmaceuticals through microbial cell immobilization. in: Nedovic, V. and Willaert, R. (ed.) Applications of cell immobilisation biotechnology Dordrecht, Germany Springer.

Evidence for a neuroprotective role of the CRH-like peptide, urocortin, in the 6-hydroxydopamine treated rat
Biggs, C.S., Locke, I.C., Knight, R.A., Chowdrey, H.S. and Whitton, P.S. 2005. Evidence for a neuroprotective role of the CRH-like peptide, urocortin, in the 6-hydroxydopamine treated rat. 18th National Meeting of the British Neuroscience Association. Brighton, UK 03-06 Apr 2005

Urocortin attenuates key indicators of nigrostriatal pathway destruction in a rat hemiparkinsonian model
Biggs, C.S., Abuirmeileh, A., Locke, I.C., Knight, R.A., Chowdrey, H.S. and Whitton, P.S. 2005. Urocortin attenuates key indicators of nigrostriatal pathway destruction in a rat hemiparkinsonian model. Proceedings of the British Pharmacological Society. 3 (4).

Elicitor effects on Penicillium chrysogenum morphology in submerged cultures
Radman, R., Bucke, C. and Keshavarz, T. 2004. Elicitor effects on Penicillium chrysogenum morphology in submerged cultures. Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry. 40 (3), pp. 229-233. https://doi.org/10.1042/BA20040062

The influence of small oligosaccharides on the immune system
Bland, E.J., Keshavarz, T. and Bucke, C. 2004. The influence of small oligosaccharides on the immune system. Carbohydrate Research. 339 (10), pp. 1673-1678. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carres.2004.05.009

Viscosity of milk: influence of cluster formation
Kyazze, G. and Starov, V. 2004. Viscosity of milk: influence of cluster formation. Colloid Journal. 66 (3), pp. 316-321. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:COLL.0000030842.70947.f0

Cell surface thiol modification by GSNO: a mechanism of nitric oxide delivery?
Shah, C.M., Locke, I.C., Chowdrey, H.S. and Gordge, M.P. 2004. Cell surface thiol modification by GSNO: a mechanism of nitric oxide delivery? 5th UK Nitric Oxide Forum. Edinburgh, UK 12/2004

Protein disulphide isomerase is involved in the delivery of NO from S-nitrosoglutathione into megakaryocytes
Shah, C.M., Locke, I.C., Chowdrey, H.S. and Gordge, M.P. 2004. Protein disulphide isomerase is involved in the delivery of NO from S-nitrosoglutathione into megakaryocytes. 3rd International Conference on the Biology, Chemistry and Therapeutic Applications of Nitric Oxide: 4th Anuual Scientific Meeting of the Nitric Oxide Society of Japan. Nara, Japan 24-28 May 2004 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.niox.2004.07.004

Protein disulphide isomerase is involved in the delivery of NO from S-nitrosoglutathione into megakaryocytes
Shah, C.M., Locke, I.C., Chowdrey, H.S. and Gordge, M.P. 2004. Protein disulphide isomerase is involved in the delivery of NO from S-nitrosoglutathione into megakaryocytes. Japan-UK Platelet Conference. Oxford, UK September 2004

Morphological changes in the submerged cultures of Penicillium chrysogenum: elicitor effects
Radman, R., Bucke, C. and Keshavarz, T. 2004. Morphological changes in the submerged cultures of Penicillium chrysogenum: elicitor effects. in: Pierucci, S. (ed.) 6th Italian Conference on Chemical and Process Engineering: ICheaP 6, June 8-11, 2003, Pisa, Italy Italy Associazione Italiana Di Ingegneria Chimica.

Establishment and analysis of 3-D collagen cultures of C-20/A4 chondrocytes
Petsa, A., Chowdrey, H.S., Knight, R.A., Afoke, A. and Locke, I.C. 2004. Establishment and analysis of 3-D collagen cultures of C-20/A4 chondrocytes. OARSI 2004 World Congress on Osteoarthritis. Chicago USA 12/2004 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2004.09.004

A CRH family peptide protects a human chondrocyte cell line against apoptosis
Intekhab-Alam, N.Y., Chowdrey, H.S., Knight, R.A., Locke, I.C. and Intekhab Alam, N.Y. 2004. A CRH family peptide protects a human chondrocyte cell line against apoptosis. OARSI 2004 World Congress on Osteoarthritis. Chicago USA 12/2004 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2004.09.004

Elicitor effects on reactive oxygen species in liquid cultures of Penicillium chrysogenum
Radman, R., Bucke, C. and Keshavarz, T. 2004. Elicitor effects on reactive oxygen species in liquid cultures of Penicillium chrysogenum. Biotechnology Letters. 26 (2), pp. 147-152. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:BILE.0000012897.28356.cb

Cytotoxicity of lavender oil and its major components to human skin cells
Prashar, A., Locke, I.C. and Evans, C.S. 2004. Cytotoxicity of lavender oil and its major components to human skin cells. Cell Proliferation. 37 (3), pp. 221-229. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2184.2004.00307.x

Functional characteristics of the streptococcal deoxyribonuclease 'streptodornase', a protein with DNase activity present in the medicament Varidase
Locke, I.C. and Carpenter, B.G. 2004. Functional characteristics of the streptococcal deoxyribonuclease 'streptodornase', a protein with DNase activity present in the medicament Varidase. Enzyme and Microbial Technology. 35 (1), pp. 67-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enzmictec.2004.03.009

Rapid S-nitrosothiol metabolism by platelets and megakaryocytes
Shah, C.M., Locke, I.C., Chowdrey, H.S. and Gordge, M.P. 2003. Rapid S-nitrosothiol metabolism by platelets and megakaryocytes. Biochemical Society Transactions. 31 (6), pp. 1450-1452.

Elicitation of plants and microbial cell systems
Radman, R., Saez, T., Bucke, C. and Keshavarz, T. 2003. Elicitation of plants and microbial cell systems. Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry. 37 (1), pp. 91-102.

Role of protein disulphide isomerase in NO delivery from S-nitrosothiols into megakaryocytes
Shah, C.M., Locke, I.C., Chowdrey, H.S. and Gordge, M.P. 2003. Role of protein disulphide isomerase in NO delivery from S-nitrosothiols into megakaryocytes. 4th UK Nitric Oxide Forum. University of Nottingham, UK December 2003

Transformation of high concentrations of chlorophenols by the white-rot basidiomycete Trametes versicolor immobilized on nylon mesh
Sedarati, M.R., Keshavarz, T., Leontievsky, A. and Evans, C.S. 2003. Transformation of high concentrations of chlorophenols by the white-rot basidiomycete Trametes versicolor immobilized on nylon mesh. Electronic Journal of Biotechnology. 6 (2), pp. 104-114.

The behaviour of C-20/A4 chondrocytes in 3-D collagen gel cultures
Petsa, A., Afoke, A., Chowdrey, H.S., Knight, R.A., Harris, A. and Locke, I.C. 2003. The behaviour of C-20/A4 chondrocytes in 3-D collagen gel cultures. OARSI 2003 World Congress on Osteoarthritis. Berlin, Germany October 2003 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1063-4584(03)00192-4

Influence of cluster formation: viscosity of concentrated emulsions
Kyazze, G. and Starov, V. 2003. Influence of cluster formation: viscosity of concentrated emulsions. Applied Rheology. 13 (5), pp. 259-264. https://doi.org/10.3933/ApplRheol-13-259

A process comparison between production of antibody fragments in E. coli and in Aspergillus awamori
Keshavarz, T. and Keshavarz-Moore, E. 2003. A process comparison between production of antibody fragments in E. coli and in Aspergillus awamori. in: Pierucci, S. (ed.) 6th Italian Conference on Chemical and Process Engineering: ICheaP 6, June 8-11, 2003, Pisa, Italy Italy Associazione Italiana Di Ingegneria Chimica.

Ion-dependency of the streptococcal deoxyribonuclease "streptodornase", an active constituent of the medicament Varidase
Locke, I.C. and Carpenter, B.G. 2002. Ion-dependency of the streptococcal deoxyribonuclease "streptodornase", an active constituent of the medicament Varidase. Enzyme and Microbial Technology. 31 (4), pp. 482-489. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0229(02)00125-4

Effect of essential oils and their components on cell
Prashar, A., Veness, R., Locke, I.C. and Evans, C.S. 2002. Effect of essential oils and their components on cell. Future Trends in Phytochemistry. Gargnano, Italy

Factors affecting the production of a single-chain antibody fragment by Aspergillus awamori in a stirred tank reactor
Sotiriadis, A., Keshavarz, T. and Keshavarz-Moore, E. 2001. Factors affecting the production of a single-chain antibody fragment by Aspergillus awamori in a stirred tank reactor. Biotechnology Progress. 17 (4), pp. 618-623. https://doi.org/10.1021/bp010026+

Production of lipolytic enzymes in batch cultures of Ophiostoma piceae
Tamerler, C., Martinez, A. and Keshavarz, T. 2001. Production of lipolytic enzymes in batch cultures of Ophiostoma piceae. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology. 76 (9), pp. 991-996. https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.473

Effect of mannan and alginate oligosaccharides on production in bioreactors of penicillin G and its biosynthetic intermediates
Tamerler, C., Ariyo, B., Bucke, C. and Keshavarz, T. 2001. Effect of mannan and alginate oligosaccharides on production in bioreactors of penicillin G and its biosynthetic intermediates. Annals of Microbiology. 51 (1), pp. 53-60.

Effect of pH and loading manner on the start-up period of peat biofilter degrading xylene and toluene mixture
Marek, J., Paca, J., Halecky, M., Koutsky, B., Sobotka, M. and Keshavarz, T. 2001. Effect of pH and loading manner on the start-up period of peat biofilter degrading xylene and toluene mixture. Folia Microbiologica. 76 (9), pp. 205-209.

Using 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein-diacetate to assess polysaccharides as immunomodulating agents
Brand, E., Keshavarz, T. and Bucke, C. 2001. Using 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein-diacetate to assess polysaccharides as immunomodulating agents. Molecular Biotechnology. 19 (2), pp. 125-131.

Lipolytic enzyme production in batch and fed-batch cultures of Ophiostoma piceae and Fusarium oxysporum
Tamerler, C. and Keshavarz, T. 2000. Lipolytic enzyme production in batch and fed-batch cultures of Ophiostoma piceae and Fusarium oxysporum. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology. 75 (9), pp. 785-790. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-4660(200009)75:9<785::AID-JCTB293>3.0.CO;2-R

Enhancement of chrysogenin production in cultures of Penicillium chrysogenum by uronic acid oligosaccharides
Asilonu, E., Bucke, C. and Keshavarz, T. 2000. Enhancement of chrysogenin production in cultures of Penicillium chrysogenum by uronic acid oligosaccharides. Biotechnology Letters. 22 (11), pp. 931-936. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005694415666

Varidase: the science behind the medicament
Rutter, P.M., Carpenter, B.G., Hill, S.S. and Locke, I.C. 2000. Varidase: the science behind the medicament. Journal of Wound Care. 9 (5), pp. 223-226.

A comparison of the characteristics of circulating anti-myeloperoxidase antibodies in vasculitis with those in non-vasculitic conditions
Locke, I.C., Leaker, B. and Cambridge, G. 1999. A comparison of the characteristics of circulating anti-myeloperoxidase antibodies in vasculitis with those in non-vasculitic conditions. Clinical and Experimental Immunology. 115 (2), pp. 369-376. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2249.1999.00809.x

A comparison of the variable region genes of two human monoclonal antibodies to myeloperoxidase
Locke, I.C., Rahman, M.A.A. and Cambridge, G. 1998. A comparison of the variable region genes of two human monoclonal antibodies to myeloperoxidase. British Society for Immunology 6th Annual Meeting. Harrogate, UK 12/1998

Adjacent proline residues in the inhibitory domain of the Oct-2 transcription factor play distinct functional roles
Liu, Y.Z., Lee, I.K., Locke, I.C., Dawson, S. and Latchman, D. 1998. Adjacent proline residues in the inhibitory domain of the Oct-2 transcription factor play distinct functional roles. Nucleic Acids Research. 26 (10), pp. 2464-2472. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/26.10.2464

Purification of a streptococcal deoxyribonuclease by affinity chromatography based on a DNA-cellulose matrix
Locke, I.C., Cox, S.F. and Carpenter, B.G. 1997. Purification of a streptococcal deoxyribonuclease by affinity chromatography based on a DNA-cellulose matrix. Journal of Chromatography A. 788 (1-2), pp. 75-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(97)00695-X

Autoantibodies to myeloperoxidase in systemic sclerosis
Locke, I.C., Worral, J.G., Leaker, B., Black, C.M. and Cambridge, G. 1997. Autoantibodies to myeloperoxidase in systemic sclerosis. Journal of Rheumatology. 24 (1), pp. 86-89.

Characteristics of antibodies to myeloperoxidase in vasculitic and non-vasculitic conditions
Locke, I.C., Leaker, B. and Cambridge, G. 1996. Characteristics of antibodies to myeloperoxidase in vasculitic and non-vasculitic conditions. American College of Rheumatology 60th National Scientific Meeting. Orlando, USA 10/1996

Characteristics of anti-myeloperoxidase autoantibodies in vasculitis and other conditions
Locke, I.C., Leaker, B. and Cambridge, G. 1996. Characteristics of anti-myeloperoxidase autoantibodies in vasculitis and other conditions. American Society of Nephrology 29th Annual Meeting. New Orleans, USA 11/1996

Autoantibodies to neutrophil granule proteins: pathogenic potential in vasculitis?
Locke, I.C. and Cambridge, G. 1996. Autoantibodies to neutrophil granule proteins: pathogenic potential in vasculitis? British Journal of Biomedical Science. 53 (4), pp. 302-316.

A human monoclonal anti-myeloperoxidase antibody can prime human neutrophils in vitro
Cambridge, G., Leaker, B., Locke, I.C., Noronha-Dutra, A. and Epperlein, M. 1996. A human monoclonal anti-myeloperoxidase antibody can prime human neutrophils in vitro. American Society of Nephrology 29th Annual Meeting. New Orleans, USA 11/1996

Autoantibodies to myeloperoxidase in systemic sclerosis
Worral, J.G., Locke, I.C., Leaker, B., Black, C.M. and Cambridge, G. 1995. Autoantibodies to myeloperoxidase in systemic sclerosis. British Society for Rheumatology Heberden Round 1995. Keele University, UK 9/1995

An automated method for the determination of deoxyribonuclease activity as exemplified by fractionation of the components of the medicament Varidase®
Locke, I.C., Ramsay, M.P., Hill, S.S. and Carpenter, B.G. 1993. An automated method for the determination of deoxyribonuclease activity as exemplified by fractionation of the components of the medicament Varidase®. The Journal of Automatic Chemistry. 15 242749.

Automated analysis of the deoxyribonuclease active constituents of the medicament Varidase ®
Locke, I.C., Ramsey, M.P., Hill, S.S. and Carpenter, B.G. 1992. Automated analysis of the deoxyribonuclease active constituents of the medicament Varidase ®. IMLS XX Triennial Conference. Liverpool, UK 9/1992

Purification of the seed lectin from Dolichos biflorus by chromatofocusing
Rogers, D.J., Locke, I.C., Gibbs, R. and Carpenter, B.G. 1990. Purification of the seed lectin from Dolichos biflorus by chromatofocusing. 12th International Lectin Conference. University of Davis, USA 9/1990

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