A Strategy for Dual Biopolymer Production of P(3HB) and γ-PGA : WestminsterResearch

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Title	A Strategy for Dual Biopolymer Production of P(3HB) and γ-PGA
Authors	Sukan, A., Roy, I. and Keshavarz, T.
Abstract	BACKGROUND Production of biopolymers has gained considerable attention because of their biodegradability, biocompatibility, and as suitable replacements for mineral-based polymers. Despite advances in production process, a notable drawback still exists due to high production cost. The aim of this paper is to provide a production strategy for cost reduction. The suggested process may be adopted to other polymers, useable to wide audience in biopolymer research. RESULTS Dual production of two commercially important biopolymers, P(3HB) and γ-PGA, in a single batch from cheap substrates was studied, as proof of concept, for a feasible low cost dual biopolymer production. The dual production from a single batch yielded 1 g/L P(3HB) and 0.4 g/L γ-PGA using Bacillus subtilis OK2 (B. subtilis OK2). When orange peel was substituted as a cheap carbon source for dual production, coupled pH and dissolved oxygen control proved to be essential to overcome the inhibition imposed by the non-sugar components of the substrate. The cell lysis and release of P(3HB) granules in the dual production medium can be exploited of as a new approach for separation of this polymer. CONCLUSION This proof of concept study provides a new approach from upstream to downstream processing for low cost production of dual biopolymers.
Journal	Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology
Journal citation	92 (7), pp. 1548-1557
ISSN	0268-2575
Year	2017
Publisher	Wiley
Accepted author manuscript	A Strategy for Dual Biopolymer Production.pdf
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)	https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.5259
Published online	07 Apr 2017
Published	07 Apr 2017

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Fapetu, S.A., Keshavarz, T., Clements, M.O. and Kyazze, G. 2017. Overexpression of the Mtr pathway in Shewanella oneidensis for bioelectricity production. (Society for Applied Microbiology) 6th ECS Research Symposium. University of Westminster 19 Apr 2017 Society for Applied Microbiology.

Transcriptomic Complexity of Aspergillus terreus Velvet Gene Family under the Influence of Butyrolactone I
Palonen, E.K., Raina, S., Brandt, A., Meriluoto, J., Keshavarz, T. and Soini, J. 2017. Transcriptomic Complexity of Aspergillus terreus Velvet Gene Family under the Influence of Butyrolactone I. Microorganisms. 5 (1) 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms5010012

The role of riboflavin in decolourisation of Congo red and bioelectricity production using Shewanella oneidensis-MR1 under MFC and non-MFC conditions
Gomaa, O.M., Fapetu, S., Kyazze, G. and Keshavarz, T. 2017. The role of riboflavin in decolourisation of Congo red and bioelectricity production using Shewanella oneidensis-MR1 under MFC and non-MFC conditions. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology . 33, p. 56 56. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-017-2223-8

Decolourisation of Acid orange 7 in a microbial fuel cell with a laccase-based biocathode: Influence of mitigating pH changes in the cathode chamber
Mani, P., Keshavarz, T., Chandra, T.S. and Kyazze, G. 2017. Decolourisation of Acid orange 7 in a microbial fuel cell with a laccase-based biocathode: Influence of mitigating pH changes in the cathode chamber. Enzyme and Microbial Technology. 96, pp. 170-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enzmictec.2016.10.012

Enhancing electricity production from wastewater using microbial fuel cells
Fapetu, S., Keshavarz, T., Clements, M.O. and Kyazze, G. 2016. Enhancing electricity production from wastewater using microbial fuel cells. Postgraduate Fair 2016. NCS, University of Westminster 28 Apr 2016

Influence of electrolytes in mediating Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 biofilm composition and virulence factors
Kalgudi, R., Kyazze, G. and Keshavarz, T. 2016. Influence of electrolytes in mediating Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 biofilm composition and virulence factors. Biofilms 7: Microbial Works of Art. Porto, Portugal 26 - 28 Jun 2016 Universidade do Minho.

Novel P(3HB) Composite Films Containing Bioactive Glass Nanoparticles for Wound Healing Applications
Francis, L., Meng, D., Locke, I.C., Knowles, J.C., Mordan, N., Salih, V., Boccaccini, A.R. and Roy, I. 2016. Novel P(3HB) Composite Films Containing Bioactive Glass Nanoparticles for Wound Healing Applications. Polymer International. 65 (6), pp. 661-674. https://doi.org/10.1002/pi.5108

Contribution of direct electron transfer mechanisms to overall electron transfer in microbial fuel cells utilising Shewanella oneidensis as biocatalyst
Fapetu, S.A., Keshavarz, T., Clements, M.O. and Kyazze, G. 2016. Contribution of direct electron transfer mechanisms to overall electron transfer in microbial fuel cells utilising Shewanella oneidensis as biocatalyst. Biotechnology Letters. 38 (9), pp. 1465-1473. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-016-2128-x

Bacterial Cellulose: A sustainable source to develop value-added products - A review
Arévalo Gallegos, A.M., Carrera, S.H., Parra, R., Keshavarz, T. and Iqbal, H.M.N. 2016. Bacterial Cellulose: A sustainable source to develop value-added products - A review. BioResources. 11 (2). https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.11.2.Gallegos

Treatment of colour industry wastewaters with concomitant bioelectricity production in a sequential stacked mono-chamber microbial fuel cells–aerobic system
Kyazze, G., Fernando, E., Keshavarz, T. and Fonseka, K. 2016. Treatment of colour industry wastewaters with concomitant bioelectricity production in a sequential stacked mono-chamber microbial fuel cells–aerobic system. Environmental Technology. 37 (2), pp. 255-264. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2015.1068378

Biomedical applications of polyhydroxyalkanoates
Roy, I., Lizarraga Valderrama, L., Panchal, B. and Boccaccini, A. 2016. Biomedical applications of polyhydroxyalkanoates. in: Reis, R.L. and Neves, N. (ed.) Biomaterials from nature for advanced devices and therapies Oxford Wiley.

Nerve tissue engineering using blends of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates) for peripheral nerve regeneration
Lizarraga Valderrama, L., Nigmatullin, R., Taylor, C., Haycock, J.W., Claeyssens, F., Knowles, J.C. and Roy, I. 2015. Nerve tissue engineering using blends of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates) for peripheral nerve regeneration. Engineering in Life Sciences. 15 (6), pp. 612-621. https://doi.org/10.1002/elsc.201400151

Enhancing electricity production in microbial fuel cells using defined co-cultures
Fapetu, S., Keshavarz, T., Clements, M.O. and Kyazze, G. 2015. Enhancing electricity production in microbial fuel cells using defined co-cultures. Postgraduate Fair. New Cavendish Street, London 30 Apr 2015

Wearable technology in academia: the use of Google Glass in the life sciences
Elliott, B. and Sukan, A. 2015. Wearable technology in academia: the use of Google Glass in the life sciences. Compass: Journal of Learning & Teaching . 6 (10).

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)-ethyl cellulose based bio-composites with novel characteristics for infection free wound healing application
Iqbal, H.M.N., Kyazze, G., Locke, I.C., Tron, T. and Keshavarz, T. 2015. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)-ethyl cellulose based bio-composites with novel characteristics for infection free wound healing application. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 81, pp. 552-559. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.08.040

Production, chemistry and properties of biopolymers in food science
Puthussery, H., Prasad, R., Gorazda, K. and Roy, I. 2015. Production, chemistry and properties of biopolymers in food science. in: Cirillo, G., Spizzirri, U. and Iemma, F. (ed.) Functional polymers in food science: from technology to biology: volume 1 food packaging London Wiley.

Novel cardiac patch development using biopolymers and biocomposites
Dubey, P., Boccaccini, A. and Roy, I. 2015. Novel cardiac patch development using biopolymers and biocomposites. in: Yang, Y. and Xu, H. (ed.) Lightweight materials from biopolymers and biofibers Washington DC, USA American Chemical Society.

Development of novel antibacterial active, HaCaT biocompatible and biodegradable CA-g-P(3HB)-EC biocomposites with caffeic acid as a functional entity
Iqbal, H.M.N., Kyazze, G., Locke, I.C., Tron, T. and Keshavarz, T. 2015. Development of novel antibacterial active, HaCaT biocompatible and biodegradable CA-g-P(3HB)-EC biocomposites with caffeic acid as a functional entity. eXPRESS Polymer Letters. 9 (9), p. 764–772. https://doi.org/10.3144/expresspolymlett.2015.72

Dual production of biopolymers from bacteria
Sukan, A., Roy, I. and Keshavarz, T. 2015. Dual production of biopolymers from bacteria. Carbohydrate Polymers. 126, pp. 47-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.03.001

Development of bio-composites with novel characteristics: Evaluation of phenol-induced antibacterial, biocompatible and biodegradable behaviours
Iqbal, H.M.N., Kyazze, G., Locke, I.C., Tron, T. and Keshavarz, T. 2015. Development of bio-composites with novel characteristics: Evaluation of phenol-induced antibacterial, biocompatible and biodegradable behaviours. Carbohydrate Polymers. 131, pp. 197-207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.05.046

In-situ development of self-defensive antibacterial biomaterials: phenol-g-keratin-EC based bio-composites with characteristics for biomedical applications
Iqbal, H.M.N., Kyazze, G., Locke, I.C., Tron, T. and Keshavarz, T. 2015. In-situ development of self-defensive antibacterial biomaterials: phenol-g-keratin-EC based bio-composites with characteristics for biomedical applications. Green Chemistry. 17 (7), pp. 3858-3869. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5GC00715A

Laccase-assisted approach to graft multifunctional materials of interest: keratin-EC based novel composites and their characterisation
Iqbal, H.M.N., Kyazze, G., Keshavarz, T. and Tron, T. 2015. Laccase-assisted approach to graft multifunctional materials of interest: keratin-EC based novel composites and their characterisation. Macromolecular Materials and Engineering. 300 (7), pp. 712-720. https://doi.org/10.1002/mame.201500003

The effect of salinity, redox mediators and temperature on anaerobic biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in microbial fuel cells
Adelaja, O., Keshavarz, T. and Kyazze, G. 2015. The effect of salinity, redox mediators and temperature on anaerobic biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in microbial fuel cells. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 283, pp. 211-217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.08.066

Poly(3-hydroxyoctanoate): a novel natural material for cardiac tissue engineering
Dubey, P., Bagdadi, A., Boccaccini, A., Knowles, J., Stevens, M., Harding, S., Roy, I. and Ravi, S. 2014. Poly(3-hydroxyoctanoate): a novel natural material for cardiac tissue engineering. BHF Regenerative Medicine Centre Joint Annual and SAB meetings. Imperial College, London 31 Jul 2014

Nerve tissue engineering using blends of polyhydroxyalkanoates
Lizarraga Valderrama, L., Percy, L. and Roy, I. 2014. Nerve tissue engineering using blends of polyhydroxyalkanoates. 8th International Conference on Polymer and Fiber Biotechnology. Braga, Portugal 25 May 2014

Production of polyhydroxyalkanoates and their medical applications
Roy, I. 2014. Production of polyhydroxyalkanoates and their medical applications. International Symposium on Biopolymers. Santos, Brazil 30 Sep 2014

Agro-Industrial Waste Materials as Substrates for the Production of Poly(3-Hydroxybutyric Acid)
Sukan, A., Roy, I. and Keshavarz, T. 2014. Agro-Industrial Waste Materials as Substrates for the Production of Poly(3-Hydroxybutyric Acid). Journal of Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology. 5 (4), pp. 229-240. https://doi.org/10.4236/jbnb.2014.54027

Fermentation (industrial): control of fermentation conditions
Keshavarz, T. 2014. Fermentation (industrial): control of fermentation conditions. in: Batt, C.A. and Tortorello, M.L. (ed.) Encyclopedia of food microbiology, 2nd ed., vol. 1 Academic Press. pp. 762-768

“One-pot” synthesis and characterisation of novel P(3HB)-ethyl cellulose based graft composites through lipase catalysed esterification
Iqbal, H.M.N., Kyazze, G., Tron, T. and Keshavarz, T. 2014. “One-pot” synthesis and characterisation of novel P(3HB)-ethyl cellulose based graft composites through lipase catalysed esterification. Polymer Chemistry. 24, pp. 7004-7012. https://doi.org/10.1039/C4PY00857J

Complete degradation of the azo dye Acid Orange-7 and bioelectricity generation in an integrated microbial fuel cell, aerobic two-stage bioreactor system in continuous flow mode at ambient temperature
Fernando, E., Keshavarz, T. and Kyazze, G. 2014. Complete degradation of the azo dye Acid Orange-7 and bioelectricity generation in an integrated microbial fuel cell, aerobic two-stage bioreactor system in continuous flow mode at ambient temperature. Bioresource Technology. 156, pp. 155-162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2014.01.036

Enhanced biodegradation of phenanthrene using different inoculum types in a microbial fuel cell
Adelaja, O., Keshavarz, T. and Kyazze, G. 2014. Enhanced biodegradation of phenanthrene using different inoculum types in a microbial fuel cell. Engineering in Life Sciences. 14 (2), pp. 218-228. https://doi.org/10.1002/elsc.201300089

Microbial metabolism of quorum-sensing molecules acyl-homoserine lactones, γ-heptalactone and other lactones
Safari, M., Amache, R., Esmaeilishirazifard, E. and Keshavarz, T. 2014. Microbial metabolism of quorum-sensing molecules acyl-homoserine lactones, γ-heptalactone and other lactones. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 98 (8), pp. 3401-3412. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-014-5518-9

External resistance as a potential tool for influencing azo dye reductive decolourisation kinetics in microbial fuel cells
Fernando, E., Keshavarz, T. and Kyazze, G. 2014. External resistance as a potential tool for influencing azo dye reductive decolourisation kinetics in microbial fuel cells. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation. 89, pp. 7-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2013.12.011

Effect of hydraulic retention time on the performance of a novel tubular MFC fed with petroleum hydrocarbons
Adelaja, O., Kyazze, G. and Keshavarz, T. 2014. Effect of hydraulic retention time on the performance of a novel tubular MFC fed with petroleum hydrocarbons. New Biotechnology. 31, p. S98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbt.2014.05.1845

A preliminary study on the development and characterisation of enzymatically grafted P(3HB)-ethyl cellulose based novel composites
Iqbal, H.M.N., Kyazze, G., Tron, T. and Keshavarz, T. 2014. A preliminary study on the development and characterisation of enzymatically grafted P(3HB)-ethyl cellulose based novel composites. Cellulose. 21 (5), pp. 3613-3621. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-014-0337-9

Laccase-assisted grafting of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) onto the bacterial cellulose as backbone polymer: development and characterisation
Iqbal, H.M.N., Kyazze, G., Tron, T. and Keshavarz, T. 2014. Laccase-assisted grafting of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) onto the bacterial cellulose as backbone polymer: development and characterisation. Carbohydrate Polymers. 113, pp. 131-137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.07.003

Composite polymer-bioceramic scaffolds with drug delivery capability for bone tissue engineering
Mourino, V., Cattalini, J.P., Roether, J.A., Dubey, P., Roy, I. and Boccaccini, A.R. 2013. Composite polymer-bioceramic scaffolds with drug delivery capability for bone tissue engineering. Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery. 10 (10), pp. 1353-1365. https://doi.org/10.1517/17425247.2013.808183

Evidence for the involvement of intracellular Ca 2+ ions in the elicitation mechanism of Bacillus Licheniformis
Reffatti, P., Roy, I., Odell, M. and Keshavarz, T. 2013. Evidence for the involvement of intracellular Ca 2+ ions in the elicitation mechanism of Bacillus Licheniformis. Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology. OnlineFirst. https://doi.org/10.1159/000351515

Advances in the valorization of lignocellulosic materials by biotechnology: an overview
Iqbal, H.M.N., Kyazze, G. and Keshavarz, T. 2013. Advances in the valorization of lignocellulosic materials by biotechnology: an overview. BioResources. 8 (2), pp. 3157-3176. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.8.2.3157-3176

Advances in PHAs Production
Amache, R., Sukan, A., Safari, M., Roy, I. and Keshavarz, T. 2013. Advances in PHAs Production . Chemical Engineering Transactions. 32, pp. 931-936. https://doi.org/10.3303/CET1332156

Polyhydroxyalkanoates: the natural polymers produced by bacterial fermentation
Panchal, B., Bagdadi, A. and Roy, I. 2013. Polyhydroxyalkanoates: the natural polymers produced by bacterial fermentation. in: Advances in natural polymer Elsevier.

Tetracycline-encapsulated P(3HB) microsphere-coated 45S5 Bioglass®-based scaffolds for bone tissue engineering
Meng, D., Francis, L., Thompson, I.D., Mierke, C., Huebner, H., Amtmann, A., Roy, I. and Boccaccini, A.R. 2013. Tetracycline-encapsulated P(3HB) microsphere-coated 45S5 Bioglass®-based scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine. 24 (12), pp. 2809-2817. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-013-5012-4

Simultaneous co-metabolic decolourisation of azo dye mixtures and bio-electricity generation under thermophillic (50°C) and saline conditions by an adapted anaerobic mixed culture in microbial fuel cells
Fernando, E., Keshavarz, T. and Kyazze, G. 2013. Simultaneous co-metabolic decolourisation of azo dye mixtures and bio-electricity generation under thermophillic (50°C) and saline conditions by an adapted anaerobic mixed culture in microbial fuel cells. Bioresource Technology. 127, pp. 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.09.065

Aspirin-loaded P(3HO)/P(3HB) blend films: potential materials for biodegradable drug-eluting stents
Basnett, P., Ching, K.Y., Stolz, M., Knowles, J.C., Boccaccini, A.R., Smith, C.L., Locke, I.C. and Roy, I. 2013. Aspirin-loaded P(3HO)/P(3HB) blend films: potential materials for biodegradable drug-eluting stents. Bioinspired, Biomimetic and Nanobiomaterials. 2 (3), pp. 141-153. https://doi.org/10.1680/bbn.13.00009

Novel Poly(3-hydroxyoctanoate)/Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) blends for medical applications
Basnett, P., Ching, K.Y., Stolz, M., Knowles, J.C., Boccaccini, A.R., Smith, C.L., Locke, I.C., Keshavarz, T. and Roy, I. 2013. Novel Poly(3-hydroxyoctanoate)/Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) blends for medical applications. Reactive and Functional Polymers. 73 (10), pp. 1340-1348. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2013.03.019

Novel methods for the quantification of changes in actin organization in chondrocytes using fluorescent imaging and linear profiling
Qusous, A., Parker, E., Geewan, C., Kapasi, A., Getting, S.J., Hucklebridge, F., Keshavarz, T. and Kerrigan, M.J.P. 2012. Novel methods for the quantification of changes in actin organization in chondrocytes using fluorescent imaging and linear profiling. Microscopy Research and Technique. 75 (7), pp. 991-999. https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.22055

Is quorum sensing involved in lovastatin production in the filamentous fungus Aspergillus terreus?
Raina, S., De Vizio, D., Palonen, E.K., Odell, M., Brandt, A.M., Soini, J.T. and Keshavarz, T. 2012. Is quorum sensing involved in lovastatin production in the filamentous fungus Aspergillus terreus? Process Biochemistry. 47 (5), pp. 843-852. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2012.02.021

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) production by Bacillus cereus SPV using sugarcane molasses as the main carbon source
Akaraonye, E., Moreno, C., Knowles, J.C., Keshavarz, T. and Roy, I. 2012. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) production by Bacillus cereus SPV using sugarcane molasses as the main carbon source. Biotechnology Journal. 7 (2), pp. 293-303. https://doi.org/10.1002/biot.201100122

γ-Heptalactone is an endogenously produced quorum-sensing molecule regulating growth and secondary metabolite production by Aspergillus nidulans
Williams, H.E., Steele, J.C.P., Clements, M.O. and Keshavarz, T. 2012. γ-Heptalactone is an endogenously produced quorum-sensing molecule regulating growth and secondary metabolite production by Aspergillus nidulans. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 96 (3), pp. 773-781. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-012-4065-5

Enhanced production of the polyhydroxyalkanoate, P(3HB), from cacillus cereus SPV and its applications in cartilage regeneration
Everest, A., Keshavarz, T. and Roy, I. 2012. Enhanced production of the polyhydroxyalkanoate, P(3HB), from cacillus cereus SPV and its applications in cartilage regeneration. Gordon Research Conference on Biopolymers. Salve Regina University, Newport, Rhode Island, USA 3-8 June 2012

Novel biodegradable and biocompatible poly(3-hydroxyoctanoate)/bacterial cellulose composites
Basnett, P., Knowles, J.C., Pishbin, F., Smith, C.L., Keshavarz, T., Boccaccini, A.R. and Roy, I. 2012. Novel biodegradable and biocompatible poly(3-hydroxyoctanoate)/bacterial cellulose composites. Advanced Engineering Materials. 14 (6), pp. B330-B343. https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.201180076

Enhanced bio-decolourisation of acid orange 7 by Shewanella oneidensis through co-metabolism in a microbial fuel cell
Fernando, E., Keshavarz, T. and Kyazze, G. 2012. Enhanced bio-decolourisation of acid orange 7 by Shewanella oneidensis through co-metabolism in a microbial fuel cell. International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation. 72, pp. 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2012.04.010

Poly-3-hydroxyoctanoate P(3HO), a medium chain length polyhydroxyalkanoate homopolymer from Pseudomonas mendocina
Rai, R., Yunos, D.M., Boccaccini, A.R., Knowles, J.C., Barker, I.A., Howdle, S.M., Tredwell, G.D., Keshavarz, T. and Roy, I. 2011. Poly-3-hydroxyoctanoate P(3HO), a medium chain length polyhydroxyalkanoate homopolymer from Pseudomonas mendocina. Biomacromolecules. 12 (6), pp. 2126-2136. https://doi.org/10.1021/bm2001999

Enhanced intracellular Ca(2+) concentrations in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis after addition of oligosaccharide elicitors
Murphy, T., Nilsson, A., Roy, I., Harrop, A., Dixon, K. and Keshavarz, T. 2011. Enhanced intracellular Ca(2+) concentrations in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis after addition of oligosaccharide elicitors. Biotechnology Letters. 33 (5), pp. 985-991. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-010-0511-6

Medium chain length polyhydroxyalkanoates, promising new biomedical materials for the future
Rai, R., Keshavarz, T., Roether, J.A., Boccaccini, A.R. and Roy, I. 2011. Medium chain length polyhydroxyalkanoates, promising new biomedical materials for the future. Materials Science and Engineering R: Reports. 72 (3), pp. 29-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mser.2010.11.002

Application of fluorescent indicators to analyse intracellular calcium and morphology in filamentous fungi
Nair, R.R., Raina, S., Keshavarz, T. and Kerrigan, M.J.P. 2011. Application of fluorescent indicators to analyse intracellular calcium and morphology in filamentous fungi. Fungal Biology. 115 (4-5), pp. 326-334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2010.12.012

Production of polyhydroxyalkanoates and their medical applications
Roy, I., Akaraonye, E., Francis, L., Rai, R., Basnett, P. and Keshavarz, T. 2011. Production of polyhydroxyalkanoates and their medical applications. 7th International Conference on Polymer and Textile Biotechnology. Milan, Italy 2nd - 4th March 2011

Imaging internal features of whole, unfixed bacteria
Thomson, N., Channon, K., Mokhtar, N.A., Staniewicz, L., Rai, R., Roy, I., Sato, S., Tsuge, T., Donald, A.M., Summers, D. and Sivaniah, E. 2011. Imaging internal features of whole, unfixed bacteria. Scanning. 33 (2), pp. 59-68. https://doi.org/10.1002/sca.20221

Production of polyhydroxyalkanoates and their biomedical applications
Roy, I., Akaraonye, E., Francis, L., Rai, R., Basnett, P. and Keshavarz, T. 2011. Production of polyhydroxyalkanoates and their biomedical applications. Euro BioMat 2011 - European Symposium on Biomaterials and Related Areas. Jena, Germany

Polyhydroxyalkanoates: the emerging new green polymers of choice
Rai, R. and Roy, I. 2011. Polyhydroxyalkanoates: the emerging new green polymers of choice. in: Sharma, S.K. and Mudhoo, A. (ed.) A handbook of applied biopolymer technology: synthesis, degradation and applications Royal Society of Chemistry.

Using electrophoretic deposition to identify protein charge in biological medium
Meng, D., Francis, L., Roy, I. and Boccaccini, A.R. 2011. Using electrophoretic deposition to identify protein charge in biological medium. Journal of Applied Electrochemistry. 41 (8), pp. 919-923. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10800-011-0317-9

Controlled delivery of gentamicin using poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) microspheres
Francis, L., Meng, D., Knowles, J.C., Keshavarz, T., Boccaccini, A.R. and Roy, I. 2011. Controlled delivery of gentamicin using poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) microspheres. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 12 (7), pp. 4294-4314. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms12074294

Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA): bacterial cellulose composites for biomedical applications
Basnett, P., Smith, C.L., Boccaccini, A.R., Knowles, J.C., Keshavarz, T. and Roy, I. 2011. Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA): bacterial cellulose composites for biomedical applications. 24th European Conference on Biomaterials - Annual Conference of the European Society for Biomaterials. Dublin, Ireland Sept 2011

The homopolymer poly(3-hydroxyoctanoate) as a matrix material for soft tissue engineering
Rai, R., Boccaccini, A.R., Knowles, J.C., Mordon, N., Salih, V., Locke, I.C., Moshrefi-Torbati, M., Keshavarz, T. and Roy, I. 2011. The homopolymer poly(3-hydroxyoctanoate) as a matrix material for soft tissue engineering. Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 122 (6), pp. 3606-3617. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.34772

Impact of linoleic acid supplementation on lovastatin production in Aspergillus terreus cultures
Sorrentino, F., Roy, I. and Keshavarz, T. 2010. Impact of linoleic acid supplementation on lovastatin production in Aspergillus terreus cultures. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 88 (1), pp. 65-73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-010-2722-0

Production of SCL and MCL polyhydroxyalkanoates and their applications
Roy, I., Akaraonye, E., Francis, L., Rai, R. and Boccaccini, A.R. 2010. Production of SCL and MCL polyhydroxyalkanoates and their applications. 12th International Symposium on Biodegradable Polyesters. Stuttgart, Germany.

Multifunctional P(3HB) microsphere/45S Bioglass ®-based composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering
Francis, L., Meng, D., Boccaccini, A.R. and Roy, I. 2010. Multifunctional P(3HB) microsphere/45S Bioglass ®-based composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. 12th International Symposium on Biodegradable Polyesters. Stuttgart, Germany.

In vitro mutagenesis of the type IV polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase from bacillus cereus SPV
Basnett, P., Philip, S.E., Markhiv, A., Vydayanathan, A. and Roy, I. 2010. In vitro mutagenesis of the type IV polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase from bacillus cereus SPV. 12th International Symposium on Biodegradable Polyesters. Stuttgart, Germany.

Enhanced and economical production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), a biodegradable polymer and its applications
Akaraonye, E., Safarikova, M., Keshavarz, T. and Roy, I. 2010. Enhanced and economical production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), a biodegradable polymer and its applications. 12th International Symposium on Biodegradable Polyesters. Stuttgart, Germany.

Quorum sensing as a method for improving sclerotiorin production in Penicillium sclerotiorum
Raina, S., Odell, M. and Keshavarz, T. 2010. Quorum sensing as a method for improving sclerotiorin production in Penicillium sclerotiorum. Journal of Biotechnology. 148 (2-3), pp. 91-98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.04.009

Multi-functional P(3HB) microsphere/45S5 Bioglass((R))-based composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering
Francis, L., Meng, D., Knowles, J.C., Roy, I. and Boccaccini, A.R. 2010. Multi-functional P(3HB) microsphere/45S5 Bioglass((R))-based composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Acta Biomaterialia. 6 (7), pp. 2773-2786. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2009.12.054

In vitro production of polyhydroxyalkanoates: achievements and applications
Thomson, N., Roy, I., Summers, D. and Sivaniah, E. 2010. In vitro production of polyhydroxyalkanoates: achievements and applications. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology. 85 (6), pp. 760-767. https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.2299

Polyhydroxyalkanoates: bioplastics with a green agenda
Keshavarz, T. and Roy, I. 2010. Polyhydroxyalkanoates: bioplastics with a green agenda. Current Opinion in Microbiology. 13 (3), pp. 321-326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mib.2010.02.006

Production of polyhydroxyalkanoates: the future green materials of choice
Akaraonye, E., Keshavarz, T. and Roy, I. 2010. Production of polyhydroxyalkanoates: the future green materials of choice. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology. 85 (6), pp. 732-743. https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.2392

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) multifunctional composite scaffolds for tissue engineering applications
Misra, S.K., Ansari, T.I., Valappil, S.P., Mohn, D., Philip, S.E., Stark, W.J., Roy, I., Knowles, J.C., Salih, V. and Boccaccini, A.R. 2010. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) multifunctional composite scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. Biomaterials. 31 (10), pp. 2806-2815. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.12.045

Characterization of carbon nanotube (MWCNT) containing P(3HB)/bioactive glass composites for tissue engineering applications
Misra, S.K., Ohashi, F., Valappil, S.P., Knowles, J.C., Roy, I., Ravi, S., Silva, P., Salih, V. and Boccaccini, A.R. 2010. Characterization of carbon nanotube (MWCNT) containing P(3HB)/bioactive glass composites for tissue engineering applications. Acta Biomaterialia. 6 (3), pp. 735-742. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2009.09.023

Effect of nanoparticulate bioactive glass particles on bioactivity and cytocompatibility of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) composites
Misra, S.K., Ansari, T.I., Mohn, D., Valappil, S.P., Brunner, T.J., Stark, W.J., Roy, I., Knowles, J.C., Sibbons, P.D., Valsami-Jones, E., Boccaccini, A.R. and Salih, V. 2010. Effect of nanoparticulate bioactive glass particles on bioactivity and cytocompatibility of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) composites. Journal of the Royal Society Interface. 7 (44), pp. 453-465. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2009.0255

Polyhydroxyalkanoates, the emerging new green polymers of choice
Rai, R. and Roy, I. 2010. Polyhydroxyalkanoates, the emerging new green polymers of choice. in: Biodegradable polymers and green chemistry Royal Society of Chemistry. pp. 79-97

Microbial production of biodegradable polymers and their role in cardiac stent development
Basnett, P. and Roy, I. 2010. Microbial production of biodegradable polymers and their role in cardiac stent development. in: Mendez-Vilas, A. (ed.) Current research, technology and education topics in applied microbiology and microbial biotechnology Formatex Research Center.

Biodegradable polymers and their role in coronary stent development
Basnett, P. and Roy, I. 2010. Biodegradable polymers and their role in coronary stent development. in: Current research in technology and education topics in applied microbiology and microbial biotechnology Formatex Research Center.

Fabrication of a novel poly(3-hydroxyoctanoate) / nanoscale bioactive glass composite film with potential as a multifunctional wound dressing
Rai, R., Boccaccini, A.R., Knowles, J.C., Locke, I.C., Gordge, M.P., McCormick, A., Salih, V., Mordon, N., Keshavarz, T. and Roy, I. 2010. Fabrication of a novel poly(3-hydroxyoctanoate) / nanoscale bioactive glass composite film with potential as a multifunctional wound dressing. 5th international conference on times of polymers (TOP) and composites. Ischia, Italy 20–23 June 2010 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3455552

The influence of tetracycline loading on the surface morphology and biocompatibility of films made from P(3HB) microspheres
Francis, L., Meng, D., Locke, I.C., Mordon, N., Salih, V., Knowles, J.C., Boccaccini, A.R. and Roy, I. 2010. The influence of tetracycline loading on the surface morphology and biocompatibility of films made from P(3HB) microspheres. Advanced Engineering Materials. 12 (7), pp. B260-B268. https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.201080020

Electrospun nanofibrous biodegradable polyester coatings on Bioglass®-based glass-ceramics for tissue engineering
Bretcanu, O., Misra, S.K., Yunos, D.M., Boccaccini, A.R., Roy, I., Kowalczyk, T., Blonski, S. and Kowalewski, T.A. 2009. Electrospun nanofibrous biodegradable polyester coatings on Bioglass®-based glass-ceramics for tissue engineering. Materials Chemistry and Physics. 118 (2-3), pp. 420-426. https://doi.org/10.1016/jmatchemphys.2009.08.01

Microbial quorum sensing: a tool or a target for antimicrobial therapy?
Raina, S., De Vizio, D., Odell, M., Clements, M.O., Vanhulle, S. and Keshavarz, T. 2009. Microbial quorum sensing: a tool or a target for antimicrobial therapy? Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry. 54 (2), pp. 65-84. https://doi.org/10.1042/BA20090072

Quantitative PCR study on the mode of action of oligosaccharide elicitors on penicillin G production by Penicillium chrysogenum
Nair, R.R., Roy, I., Bucke, C. and Keshavarz, T. 2009. Quantitative PCR study on the mode of action of oligosaccharide elicitors on penicillin G production by Penicillium chrysogenum. Journal of Applied Microbiology. 107 (4), pp. 1131-1139. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04293.x

Effect of impeller speed and pH on the production of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) using Bacillus cereus SPV
Philip, S.E., Sengupta, S., Keshavarz, T. and Roy, I. 2009. Effect of impeller speed and pH on the production of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) using Bacillus cereus SPV. Biomacromolecules. 10 (4), pp. 691-699. https://doi.org/10.1021/bm801395p

Incorporation of vitamin E in poly(3hydroxybutyrate)/Bioglass composite films: effect on surface properties and cell attachment
Misra, S.K., Philip, S.E., Chrzanowski, W., Nazhat, S.N., Roy, I., Knowles, J.C., Salih, V. and Boccaccini, A.R. 2009. Incorporation of vitamin E in poly(3hydroxybutyrate)/Bioglass composite films: effect on surface properties and cell attachment. Journal of the Royal Society Interface. 6 (33), pp. 401-409. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2008.0278

In vitro biocompatibility of 45S5 Bioglass®-derived glass-ceramic scaffolds coated with poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)
Bretcanu, O., Misra, S.K., Roy, I., Renghini, C., Fiori, F., Boccaccini, A.R. and Salih, V. 2009. In vitro biocompatibility of 45S5 Bioglass®-derived glass-ceramic scaffolds coated with poly(3-hydroxybutyrate). Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. 3 (2), pp. 139-148. https://doi.org/10.1002/term.150

Polyhydroxyalkanoate synthases-enzymes involved in biodegradable polymer synthesis
Roy, I., Philip, S.E. and Keshavarz, T. 2009. Polyhydroxyalkanoate synthases-enzymes involved in biodegradable polymer synthesis. COST Action 868: Biotechnical Functionalisation of Renewable Polymeric Materials : Meeting on "Biotechnology and Biopolymers in Textile, Packaging, Cosmetics and Medical Applications". Istanbul, Turkey 19 - 20 Feb 2009

Microbial PHA biosynthesis and its biomedical applications
Roy, I., Philip, S.E., Francis, L., Rai, R., Keshavarz, T., Misra, S.K., Decheng, M. and Boccaccini, A.R. 2009. Microbial PHA biosynthesis and its biomedical applications. in: Proceedings of Euromat 2009, Glasgow, 7 - 10 September 2009 Euromat.

A class IV PHA synthase from Bacillus cereus SPV
Philip, S.E. and Roy, I. 2009. A class IV PHA synthase from Bacillus cereus SPV. in: Kiekens, P., Nierstrasz, V. and Lenting, H.B.M. (ed.) Proceedings of the international conference on textile and polymer biotechnology 6th Het Pand, Ghent, Belgium 23-25 September 2009 Ghent University. Department of Textiles Ghent.

P(3HB) production by Bacillus cereus SPV using sucrose as a carbon source
Akaraonye, E., Keshavarz, T. and Roy, I. 2009. P(3HB) production by Bacillus cereus SPV using sucrose as a carbon source. in: Kiekens, P., Nierstrasz, V. and Lenting, H.B.M. (ed.) Proceedings of the international conference on textile and polymer biotechnology 6th Het Pand, Ghent, Belgium 23-25 September 2009 Ghent University. Department of Textiles Ghent.

Elicitation effects of oligosaccharides on the transcriptional level of bacitracin ABC transporter genes in Bacillus licheniformis
Murphy, T., Roy, I., Harrop, A., Dixon, K. and Keshavarz, T. 2008. Elicitation effects of oligosaccharides on the transcriptional level of bacitracin ABC transporter genes in Bacillus licheniformis. Biotechnology Letters. 30 (9), pp. 1665-1670. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-008-9743-0

Dye decolorisation by laccase entrapped in copper alginate
Teerapatsakul, C., Bucke, C., Parra, R., Keshavarz, T. and Chitradon, L. 2008. Dye decolorisation by laccase entrapped in copper alginate. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology. 24 (8), pp. 1367-1374. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-007-9617-y

Polyhydroxyalkanoate biosynthesis in Bacillus cereus SPV under varied limiting conditions and an insight into the biosynthetic genes involved
Valappil, S.P., Rai, R., Bucke, C. and Roy, I. 2008. Polyhydroxyalkanoate biosynthesis in Bacillus cereus SPV under varied limiting conditions and an insight into the biosynthetic genes involved. Journal of Applied Microbiology. 104 (6), pp. 1624-1635. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03678.x

Towards higher laccase activities produced by aquatic ascomycetous fungi through combination of elicitors and an alternative substrate
Junghanns, C., Parra, R., Keshavarz, T. and Schlosser, D. 2008. Towards higher laccase activities produced by aquatic ascomycetous fungi through combination of elicitors and an alternative substrate. Engineering in Life Sciences. 8 (3), pp. 277-285. https://doi.org/10.1002/elsc.200800042

Comparison of nanoscale and microscale bioactive glass on the properties of P(3HB)/Bioglass® composites
Misra, S.K., Mohn, D., Brunner, T.J., Stark, W.J., Philip, S.E., Roy, I., Salih, V., Knowles, J.C. and Boccaccini, A.R. 2008. Comparison of nanoscale and microscale bioactive glass on the properties of P(3HB)/Bioglass® composites. Biomaterials. 29 (12), pp. 1750-1761. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.12.040

Metabolite profiles of interacting mycelial fronts differ for pairings of the wood decay basidiomycete fungus, Stereum hirsutum with its competitors Coprinus micaceus and Coprinus disseminatus
Peiris, D., Dunn, W.B., Brown, M., Kell, D.B., Roy, I. and Hedger, J.N. 2008. Metabolite profiles of interacting mycelial fronts differ for pairings of the wood decay basidiomycete fungus, Stereum hirsutum with its competitors Coprinus micaceus and Coprinus disseminatus. Metabolomics. 4 (1), pp. 52-62. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11306-007-0100-4

Optimisation of β-glucuronidase production from a newly isolated Ganoderma applanatum
Chouiter, R., Roy, I. and Bucke, C. 2008. Optimisation of β-glucuronidase production from a newly isolated Ganoderma applanatum. Journal of Molecular Catalysis B: Enzymatic. 50 (2-4), pp. 114-120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcatb.2007.09.015

Microbial biosynthesis of PHAs and its applications
Roy, I., Philip, S.E., Francis, L., Rai, R., Valappil, S.P., Markiv, A., Keshavarz, T., Misra, S.K., Decheng, M. and Boccaccini, A.R. 2008. Microbial biosynthesis of PHAs and its applications. COST Action 868: Biotechnical Functionalisation of Renewable Polymeric Materials: 2008 Annual Workshop (combined Working Group and Management Committee meeting). Varna, Bulgaria 18 -19 Sep 2008

Microbial PHA biosynthesis and its applications
Roy, I., Philip, S.E., Francis, L., Rai, R., Valappil, S.P., Markiv, A., Keshavarz, T., Misra, S.K., Decheng, M. and Boccaccini, A.R. 2008. Microbial PHA biosynthesis and its applications. 11th International Symposium on Biodegradable Polyesters. Massey University in Auckland, New Zealand 23 - 26 Nov 2008

Polyhydroxyalkanoates: a new generation of biotechnologically produced biodegradable polymers
Roy, I. and Philip, S.E. 2008. Polyhydroxyalkanoates: a new generation of biotechnologically produced biodegradable polymers. in: Richter, F.W. (ed.) Biotechnology: research, technology and applications New York Nova Science Publishers. pp. 1-48

Fabrication of a novel
Roy, I. and Philip, S.E. 2008. Fabrication of a novel. in: Richter, F.W. (ed.) Biotechnology: research, technology and applications New York Nova Science Publishers. pp. 1-48

Production of medium chain length polyhydroxyalkanoates using Pseudomonas species
Rai, R., Keshavarz, T. and Roy, I. 2008. Production of medium chain length polyhydroxyalkanoates using Pseudomonas species. 11th International Symposium on Biodegradable Polyesters. Massey University in Auckland, New Zealand 23 - 26 Nov 2008

Polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase in Bacillus cereus SPV, a class IV PHA synthase
Philip, S.E., Odell, M., Keshavarz, T. and Roy, I. 2008. Polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase in Bacillus cereus SPV, a class IV PHA synthase. 11th International Symposium on Biodegradable Polyesters. Massey University in Auckland, New Zealand 23 - 26 Nov 2008

Optimisation studies of multiple elicitor addition in microbial systems: P.Chrysogenum and B.Lichiniformis
Nair, R.R., Murphy, T., Roy, I., Harrop, A., Dixon, K. and Keshavarz, T. 2008. Optimisation studies of multiple elicitor addition in microbial systems: P.Chrysogenum and B.Lichiniformis. in: Marino, G., Bardone, E. and Viglia, A. (ed.) IBIC2008 - 1st International Conference on Industrial Biotechnology AIDIC Servizi S.r.l..

Polyhydroxyalkanoate synthasis using Bacillus cereus SPV
Francis, L., Keshavarz, T. and Roy, I. 2008. Polyhydroxyalkanoate synthasis using Bacillus cereus SPV. COST Action 868: Biotechnical Functionalisation of Renewable Polymeric Materials: 2008 Annual Workshop (combined Working Group and Management Committee meeting). Varna, Bulgaria 18 -19 Sep 2008

Large-scale production and efficient recovery of PHB with desirable material properties, from the newly characterised Bacillus cereus SPV
Valappil, S.P., Misra, S.K., Boccaccini, A.R., Keshavarz, T., Bucke, C. and Roy, I. 2007. Large-scale production and efficient recovery of PHB with desirable material properties, from the newly characterised Bacillus cereus SPV. Journal of Biotechnology. 132 (3), pp. 251-258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2007.03.013

Biodegradable polymer coated 45S5 Bioglassderived glass-ceramic scaffolds for bone tissue engineering
Bretcanu, O., Chen, Q., Misra, S.K., Boccaccini, A.R., Roy, I., Verne, E. and Brovarone, C.V. 2007. Biodegradable polymer coated 45S5 Bioglassderived glass-ceramic scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. European Journal of Glass Science and Technology Part A. 48 (5), pp. 227-234.

Effect of oligosaccharide elicitors on bacitracin A production and evidence of transcriptional level control
Keshavarz, T., Murphy, T., Roy, I., Harrop, A. and Dixon, K. 2007. Effect of oligosaccharide elicitors on bacitracin A production and evidence of transcriptional level control. Journal of Biotechnology. 131 (4), pp. 397-403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2007.07.943

Fabrication and characterization of biodegradable poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) composite containing Bioglass
Misra, S.K., Nazhat, S.N., Valappil, S.P., Moshrefi-Torbati, M., Wood, R.J.K., Roy, I. and Boccaccini, A.R. 2007. Fabrication and characterization of biodegradable poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) composite containing Bioglass. Biomacromolecules. 8 (7), pp. 2112-2119. https://doi.org/10.1021/bm0701954S1525-7797(07)00195-X

Effect of mannan oligosaccharide elicitor and ferulic acid on enhancement of laccases production in liquid cultures of basidiomycetes
Vanhulle, S., Radman, R., Parra, R., Cui, T., Bols, C.M., Tron, T., Sannia, G. and Keshavarz, T. 2007. Effect of mannan oligosaccharide elicitor and ferulic acid on enhancement of laccases production in liquid cultures of basidiomycetes. Enzyme and Microbial Technology. 40 (7), pp. 1712-1718. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enzmictec.2006.10.002

Novel application of oligosaccharides as elicitors for the enhancement of bacitracin A production in cultures of Bacillus licheniformis
Murphy, T., Parra, R., Radman, R., Roy, I., Harrop, A., Dixon, K. and Keshavarz, T. 2007. Novel application of oligosaccharides as elicitors for the enhancement of bacitracin A production in cultures of Bacillus licheniformis. Enzyme and Microbial Technology. 40 (6), pp. 1518-1523. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enzmictec.2006.10.030

Polyhydroxyalkanoates: biodegradable polymers with a range of applications
Philip, S.E., Keshavarz, T. and Roy, I. 2007. Polyhydroxyalkanoates: biodegradable polymers with a range of applications. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology. 82 (3), pp. 233-247. https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.1667

Poly(3- hydroxybutyrate)/Bioglass® composite films containing carbon nanotubes
Misra, S.K., Watts, P.C.P., Valappil, S.P., Silva, S.R.P., Boccaccini, A.R. and Roy, I. 2007. Poly(3- hydroxybutyrate)/Bioglass® composite films containing carbon nanotubes. Nanotechnology. 18 (7), p. 075701. https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/18/7/075701

PHA biosynthesis in Bacillus cereus SPV and its applications
Roy, I., Valappil, S.P., Misra, S.K. and Boccaccini, A.R. 2007. PHA biosynthesis in Bacillus cereus SPV and its applications. COST Action 868: Biotechnical Functionalisation of Renewable Polymeric Materials: first annual workshop. Graz, Austria 12 - 14 Sep 2007

PHA Biosynthesis in Bacillus cereus SPV
Roy, I., Philip, S.E., Rai, R. and Valappil, S.P. 2007. PHA Biosynthesis in Bacillus cereus SPV. International Conference on Biodegradable Polymers: their production, characterisation and application. SCI, London 10 Dec 2007

Production of Polyhydroxyalkanoates from Bacillus cereus SPV under different nutrient limiting conditions
Rai, R., Padinhara, S.V., Keshavarz, T. and Roy, I. 2007. Production of Polyhydroxyalkanoates from Bacillus cereus SPV under different nutrient limiting conditions. COST Action 868: Biotechnical Functionalisation of Renewable Polymeric Materials: first annual workshop. Graz, Austria 12 - 14 Sep 2007

Production of medium chain length polyhydroxyalkanoates using pseudomonas species UOW0417398
Rai, R., Keshavarz, T. and Roy, I. 2007. Production of medium chain length polyhydroxyalkanoates using pseudomonas species UOW0417398. International Conference on Biodegradable Polymers: their production, characterisation and application. SCI, London 10 Dec 2007

Polyhydroxy-alkanoates - the biodegradable polymers
Philip, S.E., Odell, M., Keshavarz, T. and Roy, I. 2007. Polyhydroxy-alkanoates - the biodegradable polymers. International Conference on Biodegradable Polymers: their production, characterisation and application. SCI, London 10 Dec 2007

Biosynthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoates and their applications
Francis, L., Keshavarz, T. and Roy, I. 2007. Biosynthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoates and their applications. International Conference on Biodegradable Polymers: their production, characterisation and application. SCI, London 10 Dec 2007

Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) biosynthesis from structurally unrelated carbon sources by a newly characterized Bacillus spp
Valappil, S.P., Peiris, D., Langley, G.J., Herniman, J.M., Boccaccini, A.R., Bucke, C. and Roy, I. 2007. Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) biosynthesis from structurally unrelated carbon sources by a newly characterized Bacillus spp. Journal of Biotechnology. 127 (3), pp. 475-487. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2006.07.015

Polyhydroxyalkanoates in Gram-positive bacteria: insights from the genera Bacillus and Streptomyces
Valappil, S.P., Boccaccini, A.R., Bucke, C. and Roy, I. 2007. Polyhydroxyalkanoates in Gram-positive bacteria: insights from the genera Bacillus and Streptomyces. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. 91 (1), pp. 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-006-9095-5

Biomedical applications of polyhydroxyalkanoates: an overview of animal testing and in vivo responses
Valappil, S.P., Misra, S.K., Boccaccini, A.R. and Roy, I. 2006. Biomedical applications of polyhydroxyalkanoates: an overview of animal testing and in vivo responses. Expert Review of Medical Devices. 3 (6), pp. 853-868. https://doi.org/10.1586/17434440.3.6.853

Effects of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides on the generation of reactive oxygen species in different biological systems
Radman, R., Bland, E.J., Sangworachat, N., Bucke, C. and Keshavarz, T. 2006. Effects of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides on the generation of reactive oxygen species in different biological systems. Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry. 44 (3), pp. 129-133. https://doi.org/10.1042/BA20050217

Cell immobilization: past, present and future prospects
Keshavarz, T. and Nedovic, V. 2006. Cell immobilization: past, present and future prospects. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology. 81 (4), pp. 483-484. https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.1517

Specificities of proteases for use in leather manufacture
Foroughi, F., Keshavarz, T. and Evans, C.S. 2006. Specificities of proteases for use in leather manufacture. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology. 81 (3), pp. 257-261. https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.1367

Nanoindentation testing of biodegradabale polymers
Wood, R.J.K., Dan, S., Moshrefi-Torbati, M., Misra, S.K., Valappil, S.P., Boccaccini, A.R. and Roy, I. 2006. Nanoindentation testing of biodegradabale polymers. Proceedings of CAMTEC Workshop. University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK 11 Apr 2006

PHA biosynthesis in Bacillus cereus SPV and its applications
Roy, I., Valappil, S.P., Misra, S.K. and Boccaccini, A.R. 2006. PHA biosynthesis in Bacillus cereus SPV and its applications. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Biological Polyesters. Minneapolis, USA 27 - 31 Aug 2006

Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)/inorganic phase composites for tissue engineering applications
Misra, S.K., Valappil, S.P., Roy, I. and Boccaccini, A.R. 2006. Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)/inorganic phase composites for tissue engineering applications. Biomacromolecules. 7 (8), pp. 2250-2257. https://doi.org/10.1021/bm060317c

Development of polyhydroxyalkanoates/Bioglass® composite tissue scaffolds for tissue engineering applications
Misra, S.K., Valappil, S.P., Nazhat, S.N., Moshrefi-Torbati, M., Roy, I. and Boccaccini, A.R. 2006. Development of polyhydroxyalkanoates/Bioglass® composite tissue scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. Proceedings of the 20th European Conference on Biomaterials, European Society of Biomaterials. Nantes, FRANCE 27 Sep - 01 Oct 2006

From bacteria to tissue engineering applications-usage of polyhydroxyalkanoates for biomedical applications
Misra, S.K., Nazhat, S.N., Torbati, M.M., Silva, S.R.P., Roy, I. and Boccaccini, A.R. 2006. From bacteria to tissue engineering applications-usage of polyhydroxyalkanoates for biomedical applications. Proceedings of the International Conference on the Design of Biomaterials. Kanpur, India 08 - 11 Dec 2006

Comparative studies on the influence of higher basidiomycetes polysaccharide fractions on reactive oxidizing species production
Lakkireddy, G., Keshavarz, T. and Bucke, C. 2006. Comparative studies on the influence of higher basidiomycetes polysaccharide fractions on reactive oxidizing species production. International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms. 8 (2), pp. 135-148. https://doi.org/10.1615/IntJMedMushr.v8.i2

Biological activity of industrial wood and bark waste from Pinus nigra
Curras Lino, M., Radman, R., Bertaud, F., Nisula, L., Lenon, G., Holbom, B., Locke, I.C., Thompson, S. and Keshavarz, T. 2006. Biological activity of industrial wood and bark waste from Pinus nigra. in: Actual problems of creation of new medicinal preparations of natural origin: the 10th international congress PHYTOPHARM 2006, St.-Petersburg, June 27-30, 2006: proceedings of congress St Petersburg, Russia PHYTOPHARM. pp. 401-403

Polyhydroxyalkanoate synthases: the enzymes involved in biodegradable polymer synthesis
Valappil, S.P., Philip, S.E., Odell, M., Keshavarz, T. and Roy, I. 2005. Polyhydroxyalkanoate synthases: the enzymes involved in biodegradable polymer synthesis. Proceedings of Frontiers in Chemical Biology: Mechanistic Enzymology and Biocatalysis. Exeter, UK 31 Aug - 02 Sep 2005

Large scale production of P(3HB) from newly isolated Bacillus sp.
Valappil, S.P., Keshavarz, T., Bucke, C. and Roy, I. 2005. Large scale production of P(3HB) from newly isolated Bacillus sp. Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Environmental Industrial and Applied Microbiology. Badajoz, Spain 15 - 18 Mar 2005

Effect of various carbon sources on the production of PHAs from the newly isolated Bacillus sp.
Valappil, S.P., Bucke, C. and Roy, I. 2005. Effect of various carbon sources on the production of PHAs from the newly isolated Bacillus sp. Proceedings of the International Union of Microbiological Societies Congress, IUMS. San Fransisco, USA 23 - 28 Jul 2005

Towards unravelling the elicitation mechanism in cultures of Penicillium chrysogenin: Chrysogenin elicitation
Nair, R.R., Radman, R., Roy, I., Bucke, C. and Keshavarz, T. 2005. Towards unravelling the elicitation mechanism in cultures of Penicillium chrysogenin: Chrysogenin elicitation. in: Pierucci, S. (ed.) 7th Italian Conference on Chemical and Process Engineering: ICheaP 7, May 15-16, 2005, Giardini Di Naxos, Italy Italy Associazione Italiana Di Ingegneria Chimica.

Natural biodegradable polymers from the Polyhydroxyalkanoate family emerging as a promising material for biomedical applications
Misra, S.K., Boccaccini, A.R., Valappil, S.P. and Roy, I. 2005. Natural biodegradable polymers from the Polyhydroxyalkanoate family emerging as a promising material for biomedical applications. Proceedings of 'a Forecast of the Future for Biomaterials' Professor Larry L. Hench Retirement Symposium. London, UK 29 - 30 Sep 2005

Production of biopharmaceuticals through microbial cell immobilization
Keshavarz, T. 2005. Production of biopharmaceuticals through microbial cell immobilization. in: Nedovic, V. and Willaert, R. (ed.) Applications of cell immobilisation biotechnology Dordrecht, Germany Springer.

The metabolic role of methymalonyl CoA mutase in Escherichia coli
Kannan, S.M., Dwek, M., Bucke, C. and Roy, I. 2005. The metabolic role of methymalonyl CoA mutase in Escherichia coli. Proceedings of Viteomics: structure and function of vitamins and cofactors. Cambridge, UK 2005

Polysaccharides and polysaccharide-modifying enzymes in Ganoderma species
Chouiter, R., Roy, I. and Bucke, C. 2005. Polysaccharides and polysaccharide-modifying enzymes in Ganoderma species. Proceedings of the 13th European Carbohydrate Symposium. Bratislava, Slovakia 21 - 26 Aug 2005

Polysaccharide-modifying enzymes from Ganoderma species and their applications
Chouiter, R., Roy, I. and Bucke, C. 2005. Polysaccharide-modifying enzymes from Ganoderma species and their applications. Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Environmental Industrial and Applied Microbiology. Badajoz, Spain 15 - 18 Mar 2005

Phylogenetic relationships between Basidiomycetes believed to be Ganoderma species based on distance analysis of their 5.8S, ITS1 and ITS2 rDNA sequences
Chouiter, R., Roy, I. and Bucke, C. 2005. Phylogenetic relationships between Basidiomycetes believed to be Ganoderma species based on distance analysis of their 5.8S, ITS1 and ITS2 rDNA sequences. Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Environmental Industrial and Applied Microbiology. Badajoz, Spain 15 - 18 Mar 2005

Elicitor effects on Penicillium chrysogenum morphology in submerged cultures
Radman, R., Bucke, C. and Keshavarz, T. 2004. Elicitor effects on Penicillium chrysogenum morphology in submerged cultures. Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry. 40 (3), pp. 229-233. https://doi.org/10.1042/BA20040062

The influence of small oligosaccharides on the immune system
Bland, E.J., Keshavarz, T. and Bucke, C. 2004. The influence of small oligosaccharides on the immune system. Carbohydrate Research. 339 (10), pp. 1673-1678. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carres.2004.05.009

‘Identification and isolation of polyhydroalkanoates and cloning of PHA biosynthetic genes from Bacillus cereus SPV
Valappil, S.P., Bucke, C. and Roy, I. 2004. ‘Identification and isolation of polyhydroalkanoates and cloning of PHA biosynthetic genes from Bacillus cereus SPV. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Biological Polyesters, ISBP. Beijing, China 22 - 28 Aug 2004

Biosynthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoic acids by Streptomyces coelicolor
Valappil, S.P., Bhatia, Y., Bucke, C. and Roy, I. 2004. Biosynthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoic acids by Streptomyces coelicolor. e-Polymers.

Polyhydroxyalkanoate production by Bacillus cereus SPV
Roy, I. 2004. Polyhydroxyalkanoate production by Bacillus cereus SPV. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Biological Polyesters, ISBP. Beijing, China 22 - 28 Aug 2004

Morphological changes in the submerged cultures of Penicillium chrysogenum: elicitor effects
Radman, R., Bucke, C. and Keshavarz, T. 2004. Morphological changes in the submerged cultures of Penicillium chrysogenum: elicitor effects. in: Pierucci, S. (ed.) 6th Italian Conference on Chemical and Process Engineering: ICheaP 6, June 8-11, 2003, Pisa, Italy Italy Associazione Italiana Di Ingegneria Chimica.

Carbohydrates and carbohydrate active enzymes in Ganoderma applanatum
Budala, S., Bucke, C. and Roy, I. 2004. Carbohydrates and carbohydrate active enzymes in Ganoderma applanatum. Proceedings of the 22nd International Carbohydrate Symposium. Glasgow, UK 23 - 27 Jul 2004

Elicitor effects on reactive oxygen species in liquid cultures of Penicillium chrysogenum
Radman, R., Bucke, C. and Keshavarz, T. 2004. Elicitor effects on reactive oxygen species in liquid cultures of Penicillium chrysogenum. Biotechnology Letters. 26 (2), pp. 147-152. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:BILE.0000012897.28356.cb

5-Aminolevulinic acid synthase: mechanism, mutations and medicine
Shoolingin-Jordan, P., Al-Daihan, S., Alexeev, D., Baxter, R.L., Bottomley, S.S., Kahari, I.D., Roy, I., Sarwar, M., Sawyer, L. and Wang, S.F. 2003. 5-Aminolevulinic acid synthase: mechanism, mutations and medicine. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta: Proteins and Proteomics. 1647 (1-2), pp. 361-365. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1570-9639(03)00095-5

Elicitation of plants and microbial cell systems
Radman, R., Saez, T., Bucke, C. and Keshavarz, T. 2003. Elicitation of plants and microbial cell systems. Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry. 37 (1), pp. 91-102.

Biosynthesis of medium chain length polyhydroxyalakanoic acids by Streptomyces coelicolor
Valappil, S.P., Bucke, C. and Roy, I. 2003. Biosynthesis of medium chain length polyhydroxyalakanoic acids by Streptomyces coelicolor. ICBP 2003. Proceedings of the 1st IUPAC International Conference on Bio-Based Polymers. Saitama, Japan 12 - 14 Nov 2003

Transformation of high concentrations of chlorophenols by the white-rot basidiomycete Trametes versicolor immobilized on nylon mesh
Sedarati, M.R., Keshavarz, T., Leontievsky, A. and Evans, C.S. 2003. Transformation of high concentrations of chlorophenols by the white-rot basidiomycete Trametes versicolor immobilized on nylon mesh. Electronic Journal of Biotechnology. 6 (2), pp. 104-114.

A process comparison between production of antibody fragments in E. coli and in Aspergillus awamori
Keshavarz, T. and Keshavarz-Moore, E. 2003. A process comparison between production of antibody fragments in E. coli and in Aspergillus awamori. in: Pierucci, S. (ed.) 6th Italian Conference on Chemical and Process Engineering: ICheaP 6, June 8-11, 2003, Pisa, Italy Italy Associazione Italiana Di Ingegneria Chimica.

A possible role of poly-3-hydroxybutyric acid in antibiotic production in Streptomyces
Verma, S., Bhatia, Y., Valappil, S.P. and Roy, I. 2002. A possible role of poly-3-hydroxybutyric acid in antibiotic production in Streptomyces. Archives of Microbiology. 179 (1), pp. 66-69. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-002-0500-9

Biosynthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoates by Streptomyces coelicolor
Valappil, S.P., Bucke, C. and Roy, I. 2002. Biosynthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoates by Streptomyces coelicolor. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Biological Polyesters. Munster, Germany 22 - 26 Sep 2002

Factors affecting the production of a single-chain antibody fragment by Aspergillus awamori in a stirred tank reactor
Sotiriadis, A., Keshavarz, T. and Keshavarz-Moore, E. 2001. Factors affecting the production of a single-chain antibody fragment by Aspergillus awamori in a stirred tank reactor. Biotechnology Progress. 17 (4), pp. 618-623. https://doi.org/10.1021/bp010026+

Production of polyhydroxybutyrate by streptomyces
Verma, S. and Roy, I. 2001. Production of polyhydroxybutyrate by streptomyces. Proceedings of the Gordon Research Conference. Connecticut, USA 2001

Production of lipolytic enzymes in batch cultures of Ophiostoma piceae
Tamerler, C., Martinez, A. and Keshavarz, T. 2001. Production of lipolytic enzymes in batch cultures of Ophiostoma piceae. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology. 76 (9), pp. 991-996. https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.473

Effect of mannan and alginate oligosaccharides on production in bioreactors of penicillin G and its biosynthetic intermediates
Tamerler, C., Ariyo, B., Bucke, C. and Keshavarz, T. 2001. Effect of mannan and alginate oligosaccharides on production in bioreactors of penicillin G and its biosynthetic intermediates. Annals of Microbiology. 51 (1), pp. 53-60.

Effect of pH and loading manner on the start-up period of peat biofilter degrading xylene and toluene mixture
Marek, J., Paca, J., Halecky, M., Koutsky, B., Sobotka, M. and Keshavarz, T. 2001. Effect of pH and loading manner on the start-up period of peat biofilter degrading xylene and toluene mixture. Folia Microbiologica. 76 (9), pp. 205-209.

Using 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein-diacetate to assess polysaccharides as immunomodulating agents
Brand, E., Keshavarz, T. and Bucke, C. 2001. Using 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein-diacetate to assess polysaccharides as immunomodulating agents. Molecular Biotechnology. 19 (2), pp. 125-131.

Lipolytic enzyme production in batch and fed-batch cultures of Ophiostoma piceae and Fusarium oxysporum
Tamerler, C. and Keshavarz, T. 2000. Lipolytic enzyme production in batch and fed-batch cultures of Ophiostoma piceae and Fusarium oxysporum. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology. 75 (9), pp. 785-790. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-4660(200009)75:9<785::AID-JCTB293>3.0.CO;2-R

Enhancement of chrysogenin production in cultures of Penicillium chrysogenum by uronic acid oligosaccharides
Asilonu, E., Bucke, C. and Keshavarz, T. 2000. Enhancement of chrysogenin production in cultures of Penicillium chrysogenum by uronic acid oligosaccharides. Biotechnology Letters. 22 (11), pp. 931-936. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005694415666

Phosphorylation of the periplasmic binding protein in two transport systems for arginine incorporation in Escherichia coli K-12 is unrelated to the function of the transport system
Celis, R.T.F., Leadlay, P.F., Roy, I. and Hansen, A. 1998. Phosphorylation of the periplasmic binding protein in two transport systems for arginine incorporation in Escherichia coli K-12 is unrelated to the function of the transport system. Journal of Bacteriology. 180 (18), pp. 4828-4833.

Metabolic Engineering, a route to the production of novel products
Roy, I. 1998. Metabolic Engineering, a route to the production of novel products. Proceedings of the National Conference on Bioprocessing and R-DNA Technology. Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India 27 - 28 Mar 1998

A Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase in Escherichia coli?
Roy, I. and Leadlay, P.F. 1997. A Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase in Escherichia coli? in: Ahmad, F. (ed.) Advances in gene technology: biomolecular design, form and function Nature Publishing Group.

The masked cysteine residues in methylmalonyl-CoA mutase from Propionibacterium shermanii are essential for catalytic activity
Roy, I. 1996. The masked cysteine residues in methylmalonyl-CoA mutase from Propionibacterium shermanii are essential for catalytic activity. FEBS Letters. 394 (2), pp. 126-128. https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-5793(96)00897-6

Physical map location of the new Escherichia coli gene sbm
Roy, I. and Leadlay, P.F. 1992. Physical map location of the new Escherichia coli gene sbm. Journal of Bacteriology. 174 (17), pp. 5763-5764.

Mechanism and structure of a coenzyme-B12 dependent enzyme
Roy, I., Patchett, M.L., Keep, N.H. and Leadlay, P.F. 1990. Mechanism and structure of a coenzyme-B12 dependent enzyme. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Chemistry Fifth International Symposium on the Mechanisms of Reactions in Solution. University of Kent, UK 02 - 06 Jul 1990

The expression of adenosylcobalamin dependent methylmalonyl-CoA mutase from Propionibacterium shermanii in Escherichia coli
McKie, N., Keep, N.H., Roy, I., Patchett, M.L. and Leadlay, P.F. 1989. The expression of adenosylcobalamin dependent methylmalonyl-CoA mutase from Propionibacterium shermanii in Escherichia coli. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Chemistry International Symposium on the Molecular Mechanisms in Bioorganic Processes. University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK 17 - 20 Jul 1989

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A Strategy for Dual Biopolymer Production of P(3HB) and γ-PGA

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