Human papilloma virus genotype distribution and risk factor analysis amongst reproductive aged women in urban Gambia

Bah Camara, H., Anyanwu, M., Wright, E. and Kimmitt, P.T. 2018. Human papilloma virus genotype distribution and risk factor analysis amongst reproductive aged women in urban Gambia. Journal of Medical Microbiology. 67, pp. 1645-1654. https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.000848

TitleHuman papilloma virus genotype distribution and risk factor analysis amongst reproductive aged women in urban Gambia
TypeJournal article
AuthorsBah Camara, H., Anyanwu, M., Wright, E. and Kimmitt, P.T.
Abstract

Purpose. Cervical cancer is the most frequently diagnosed female cancer in The Gambia, representing approximately 30% of cases. In 2014, the quadrivalent human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine was introduced, which offers protection against HPV genotypes 6, 11, 16 and 18. To evaluate the potential effectiveness of this vaccine, genotype distribution and risk factor analysis were assessed.
Methodology. Endocervical samples (n=232) were collected from women aged 20-49 years residing in urban Gambia. A questionnaire was administered to capture socio-demographic and cervical cancer risk factors. HPV detection and genotyping was performed by PCR amplification of the L1 major capsid gene and analysis of sequenced PCR products.
Results/ Key Findings. The prevalence of HPV was 12% (28/232) and the high risk (HR) genotype HPV 52 (5/28) was the most prevalent genotype. HR-HPV sequences had high identity (≥ 90 %) to isolates which originated from America, Europe and Asia but not from Africa. Half (14/28) of participants were co-infected with Ureaplasma urealyticum/parvum, which increases the risk of progression to cervical cancer. Female genital mutilation and the use of hormone contraception for >5 years were identified as potential risk factors for HPV infection. Ethnicity-associated differences were also noted; participants of the Fula ethnic group had a higher prevalence of HR-HPV infection (31.3%) compared to the Mandinka (18.8%) and Wollof (12.5%) groups.
Conclusion. These data may have a significant public health impact as the HPV quadrivalent vaccine may be of limited value if the circulating non-HPV 16/18 HR-genotypes are responsible for cytological abnormalities of the cervix.

KeywordsHPV; genotype; risk factors; cervical cancer; cervical intraepithelial neoplasia; Urban Gambia
JournalJournal of Medical Microbiology
Journal citation67, pp. 1645-1654
ISSN0022-2615
Year2018
PublisherMicrobiology Society
Accepted author manuscript
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.000848
Web address (URL)http://jmm.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.000848
Publication dates
Published09 Oct 2018
Published in print01 Nov 2018

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Investigating antibody neutralization of lyssaviruses using lentiviral pseudotypes: a cross-species comparison
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Identification of Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. macedonicus as the etiological agent in a case of culture-negative multivalve infective endocarditis by 16S rDNA PCR analysis of resected valvular tissue
Malkin, J., Ou, Hong-Yu, Khare Milind, Deng, Zixin, Stephenson, Iain, Perera, N., Rajakumar, Kumar, Kimmitt, P.T., Bhasker, Pretti S. Santi and Sosnowski, Andrew W. 2008. Identification of Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. macedonicus as the etiological agent in a case of culture-negative multivalve infective endocarditis by 16S rDNA PCR analysis of resected valvular tissue. Journal of Heart Valve Disease. 17 (5), pp. 589-592.

Identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae as the causative agent in a case of culture-negative dermatitis-arthritis syndrome using real-time PCR
Kimmitt, P.T., Kirby Andrew, Perera, N., Schober, Paul C., Rajakumar, Kumar, Chapman, Cordelia A. and Nicholson, Karl G. 2008. Identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae as the causative agent in a case of culture-negative dermatitis-arthritis syndrome using real-time PCR. Journal of Travel Medicine. 15 (5), pp. 369-371. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1708-8305.2008.00240.x

Duffy Antigen Receptor for Chemokines mediates trans-infection of HIV-1 from red blood cells to target cells and affects HIV-AIDS susceptibility
He, W., Neil, S., Kulkarni, H., Wright, E., Agan, B.K., Marconi, V.C., Dolan, M.J., Weiss, R.A. and Ahuja, S.K. 2008. Duffy Antigen Receptor for Chemokines mediates trans-infection of HIV-1 from red blood cells to target cells and affects HIV-AIDS susceptibility. Cell Host and Microbe. 4 (1), pp. 52-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2008.06.002

A novel serological assay for the detection of rabies virus and lyssavirus neutralising antibodies
Wright, E., Temperton, N.J., Marston, D.A., Fooks, A.R. and Weiss, R.A. 2008. A novel serological assay for the detection of rabies virus and lyssavirus neutralising antibodies. Society For General Microbiology Spring 2008 Meeting. Edinburgh, UK 2008

The evaluation of antibody responses to rabies virus using retroviral pseudotypes and the implications for ‘in-field’ vaccine trials
Wright, E., Temperton, N.J., Marston, D.A., Fooks, A.R. and Weiss, R.A. 2008. The evaluation of antibody responses to rabies virus using retroviral pseudotypes and the implications for ‘in-field’ vaccine trials. BIT's First Annual World Vaccine Congress. Foshan, China 2008

Association between active GB virus-C (hepatitis G) infection and HIV-1 disease in Uganda
Yirrell, D.L., Wright, E., Shafer, L.A., Campbell, E., Van der Paal, L., Kaleebu, P., Grosskurth, H. and Whitworth, J.A. 2007. Association between active GB virus-C (hepatitis G) infection and HIV-1 disease in Uganda. International Journal of STD & AIDS. 18 (4), pp. 244-249. https://doi.org/10.1258/095646207780659006

A novel serological assay for detection of rabies virus neutralising antibodies
Wright, E., Temperton, N.J., Weiss, R.A., Marston, D.A., McElhinney, L.M. and Fooks, A.R. 2007. A novel serological assay for detection of rabies virus neutralising antibodies. Rabies In The Americas XVIII. Ciudad de Guanajuato, Mexico 2007

Characterisation of persistent viral infections in bats
Wright, E., Takeuchi, Y., Brookes, S., Fooks, A.R. and Weiss, R.A. 2007. Characterisation of persistent viral infections in bats. The First International Meeting on Emerging Diseases and Surveillance. Vienna, Austria 2007

Effect of Duffy antigen receptor for chemokine (DARC) polymorphisms on susceptibility to HIV infection and progression to AIDS
Wright, E., He, W., Neil, S., Kulkarni, H., Agan, B.K., Marconi, V.C., Dolan, M.J., Ahuja, S.K. and Weiss, R.A. 2007. Effect of Duffy antigen receptor for chemokine (DARC) polymorphisms on susceptibility to HIV infection and progression to AIDS. Institute Pasteur Genetics and Mechanisms of Susceptibility to Infectious Diseases. Paris, France 2007

A consensus on fungal polymerase chain reaction diagnosis?: A United Kingdom-Ireland evaluation of polymerase chain reaction methods for detection of systemic fungal infections
White, P.L., Barton, R., Guiver, M., Linton, C.J., Wilson, S., Smith, M., Gomez, B.L., Carr, M.J., Kimmitt, P.T., Seaton, S., Rajakumar, Kumar, Holyoake, T., Kibbler, C.C., Johnson, E., Hobson, R.P., Jones, B. and Barnes, R.A. 2006. A consensus on fungal polymerase chain reaction diagnosis?: A United Kingdom-Ireland evaluation of polymerase chain reaction methods for detection of systemic fungal infections. Journal of Molecular Diagnostics. 8 (3), pp. 376-384.

Ets-2 repressor factor recruits histone deacetylase to silence human cytomegalovirus immediate-early gene expression in non-permissive cells
Wright, E., Bain, M., Teague, L., Murphy, J. and Sinclair, J. 2005. Ets-2 repressor factor recruits histone deacetylase to silence human cytomegalovirus immediate-early gene expression in non-permissive cells. Journal of General Virology. 86 (3), pp. 535-544. https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.80352-0

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