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Endocannabinoids, FOXO and the metabolic syndrome: redox, function and tipping point – the view from two systems

Nunn, A.V.W., Guy, G.W. and Bell, J.D. 2010. Endocannabinoids, FOXO and the metabolic syndrome: redox, function and tipping point – the view from two systems. Immunobiology. 215 (8), pp. 617-628. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imbio.2009.03.005

TitleEndocannabinoids, FOXO and the metabolic syndrome: redox, function and tipping point – the view from two systems
AuthorsNunn, A.V.W., Guy, G.W. and Bell, J.D.
Abstract

The endocannabinoid system (ECS) was only ‘discovered’ in the 1990s. Since then, many new ligands have been identified, as well as many new intracellular targets – ranging from the PPARs, to mitochondria, to lipid rafts. It was thought that blocking the CB-1 receptor might reverse obesity and the metabolic syndrome. This was based on the idea that the ECS was dysfunctional in these conditions. This has met with limited success. The reason may be that the ECS is a homeostatic system, which integrates energy seeking and storage behaviour with resistance to oxidative stress. It could be viewed as having thrifty actions. Thriftiness is an innate property of life, which is programmed to a set point by both environment and genetics, resulting in an epigenotype perfectly adapted to its environment. This thrifty set point can be modulated by hormetic stimuli, such as exercise, cold and plant micronutrients. We have proposed that the physiological and protective insulin resistance that underlies thriftiness encapsulates something called ‘redox thriftiness’, whereby insulin resistance is determined by the ability to resist oxidative stress. Modern man has removed most hormetic stimuli and replaced them with a calorific sedentary lifestyle, leading to increased risk of metabolic inflexibility. We suggest that there is a tipping point where lipotoxicity in adipose and hepatic cells induces mild inflammation, which switches thrifty insulin resistance to inflammation-driven insulin resistance. To understand this, we propose that the metabolic syndrome could be seen from the viewpoint of the ECS, the mitochondrion and the FOXO group of transcription factors. FOXO has many thrifty actions, including increasing insulin resistance and appetite, suppressing oxidative stress and shifting the organism towards using fatty acids. In concert with factors such as PGC-1, they also modify mitochondrial function and biogenesis. Hence, the ECS and FOXO may interact at many points; one of which may be via intracellular redox signalling. As cannabinoids have been shown to modulate reactive oxygen species production, it is possible that they can upregulate anti-oxidant defences. This suggests they may have an ‘endohormetic’ signalling function. The tipping point into the metabolic syndrome may be the result of a chronic lack of hormetic stimuli (in particular, physical activity), and thus, stimulus for PGC-1, with a resultant reduction in mitochondrial function and a reduced lipid capacitance. This, in the context of a positive calorie environment, will result in increased visceral adipose tissue volume, abnormal ectopic fat content and systemic inflammation. This would worsen the inflammatory-driven pathological insulin resistance and inability to deal with lipids. The resultant oxidative stress may therefore drive a compensatory anti-oxidative response epitomised by the ECS and FOXO. Thus, although blocking the ECS (e.g. via rimonabant) may induce temporary weight loss, it may compromise long-term stress resistance. Clues about how to modulate the system more safely are emerging from observations that some polyphenols, such as resveratrol and possibly, some phytocannabinoids, can modulate mitochondrial function and might improve resistance to a modern lifestyle.

JournalImmunobiology
Journal citation215 (8), pp. 617-628
ISSN0171-2985
YearAug 2010
PublisherUrban und Fischer Verlag
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imbio.2009.03.005
Publication dates
PublishedAug 2010

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Bizzotto, R., Jennison, C., Jones, A., Kurbasic, A., Kennedy, G., Bell, J.D., Thomas, E.L., Frost, G., Eriksen, R., Koivula, R., Brage, S., Kaye, J., Hattersley, A., Heggie, A., McEvoy, D., Hart, L.M., Beulens, J.W., Elders, P., Musholt, P.B., Ridderstråle, M., Hansen, T., Allin, K., Hansen, T., Vestergaard, H., Lundgaard, A.T., Thomsen, H.S., Masi, F., Tsirigos, K.D., Brunak, S., Viñuela, A., Mahajan, A., McDonald, T.J., Kokkola, T., Forgie, I., Giordano, G.N., Pavo, I., Ruetten, H., Dermitzakis, E., McCarthy, M., Pedersen, O., Schwenk, J., Adamski, J., Franks, P., Walker, M., Pearson, E. and Mari, A. 2021. Processes Underlying Glycemic Deterioration in Type 2 Diabetes: An IMI DIRECT Study. Diabetes Care. 44 (2), pp. 511-518. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-1567

Preprint: Image Processing and Quality Control for Abdominal Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the UK Biobank
Basty, N., Liu, Yi, Cule, M., Thomas, E. Louise, Bell, J.D. and Whitcher, B. 2020. Preprint: Image Processing and Quality Control for Abdominal Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the UK Biobank. arXiv.

SARS-CoV-2 and mitochondrial health: implications of lifestyle and ageing
Nunn, A.V.W., Guy, G.W., Brysch, W., Botchway, S.W., Frasch, W., Calabrese, E.J. and Bell, J.D. 2020. SARS-CoV-2 and mitochondrial health: implications of lifestyle and ageing. Immunity & Ageing. 17 33 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12979-020-00204-x

Large‑scale analysis of iliopsoas muscle volumes in the UK Biobank
Fitzpatrick, J., Basty, N., Cule, M., Liu, Y., Bell, J.D., Thomas, E.L. and Whitcher, B. 2020. Large‑scale analysis of iliopsoas muscle volumes in the UK Biobank. Scientific Reports. 10 20215. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-77351-0

Normalized indices derived from visceral adipose mass assessed by MRI and their correlation with markers for insulin resistance and prediabetes
Machann, J., Stefan, N., Wagner, R., Fritsche, A., Bell, J.D., Whitcher, B., Häring, H.U., Birkenfeld, A., Nikolaou, K., Schick, F. and Thomas, E.L. 2020. Normalized indices derived from visceral adipose mass assessed by MRI and their correlation with markers for insulin resistance and prediabetes. Nutrients. 12 (7) 2064. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12072064

Predicting and elucidating the etiology of fatty liver disease: A machine learning modeling and validation study in the IMI DIRECT cohorts
Atabaki-Pasdar, N., Ohlsson, M., Viñuela, A., Frau, F., Pomares-Millan, H., Haid, M., Jones, A., Thomas, E.L., Koivula, R., Kurbasic, A., Mutie, P., Fitipaldi, H., Fernandez, J., Dawed, A., Giordano, G., Forgie, I., McDonald, T., Rutters, F., Cederberg, H., Chabanova, E., Dale, M., Masi, F., Thomas, C., Allin, K., Hansen, T., Heggie, A., Hong, M., Elders, P., Kennedy, G., Kokkola, T., Pedersen, H., Mahajan, A., McEvoy, D., Pattou, F., Raverdy, V., Häussler, R., Sharma, S., Thomsen, H., Vangipurapu, J., Vestergaard, H., ‘t Hart, L., Adamski, J., Musholt, P., Brage, S., Brunak, S., Dermitzakis, E., Frost, G., Hansen, T., Laakso, M., Pedersen, O., Ridderstråle, M., Ruetten, H., Hattersley, A., Walker, M., Beulens, J., Mari, A., Schwenk, J., Gupta, R., McCarthy, M., Pearson, E., Bell, J.D., Pavo, I. and Franks, P. 2020. Predicting and elucidating the etiology of fatty liver disease: A machine learning modeling and validation study in the IMI DIRECT cohorts. PLoS Medicine. 17 (6) e1003149. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003149

Dietary metabolite profiling brings new insight into the relationship between nutrition and metabolic risk: An IMI Direct study
Eriksen, R., Perez, I.G., Posma, J.M., Haid, M., Sharma, S., Thomas, E.L., Koivula, R.W., Bizzotto, R., Mari, A., Giordano, G.N., Pavo, I., Schwenk, J., De Masi, F., Tsirigos, K., Brunak, S., Vinuela, A., Mahajan, A., McDonald, T.J., Kokkola, T., Teare, H.J.A., Hansen, T.H., Fernandez, J., Jones, A., Jennison, C., Walker, M., McCarthy, M., Pedersen, O., Reutten, H., Forgie, I., Bell, J.D., Pearson, E., Franks, P.W., Adamski, J., Holmes, E. and Frost, G.S. 2020. Dietary metabolite profiling brings new insight into the relationship between nutrition and metabolic risk: An IMI Direct study. EBioMedicine. 58 102932. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102932

Ethnic Differences in Body Fat Deposition and Liver Fat Content in Two UK-Based Cohorts
Alenaini, Wareed, Parkinson, J., McCarthy, John P., Goldstone, Anthony P., Wilman, Henry R., Banerjee, Rajarshi, Yaghootkar, Hanieh, Bell, Jimmy D. and Thomas, E.L. 2020. Ethnic Differences in Body Fat Deposition and Liver Fat Content in Two UK-Based Cohorts. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.). 28 (11), pp. 2142-2152. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.22948

Machine Learning Prediction of Susceptibility to Visceral Fat Associated Diseases
Aldraimli, M., Soria, D., Parkinson, J., Thomas, E.L., Bell, J.D., Dwek, M. and Chaussalet, T.J. 2020. Machine Learning Prediction of Susceptibility to Visceral Fat Associated Diseases. Health and Technology. 10, pp. 925-944. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12553-020-00446-1

The UK Biobank imaging enhancement of 100,000 participants: rationale, data collection, management and future directions
Littlejohns, T., Holliday, J., Gibson, L., Garratt, S., Oesingmann, N., Alfaro-Almagro, F., Bell, J.D., Boultwood, C., Collins, R., Conroy, M., Crabtree, N., Doherty, N., Frangi, A., Harvey, N., Leeson, P., Miller, K., Neubauer, S., Petersen, S., Sellors, J., Sheard, S., Smith, S., Sudlow, C., Matthews, P. and Allen, N. 2020. The UK Biobank imaging enhancement of 100,000 participants: rationale, data collection, management and future directions. Nature Communications . 11 2624. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-15948-9

HDL-apoA-I kinetics in response to 16 weeks exercise training in men with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)
Whyte, M.B, Shojaee-Moradie, F., Sharaf, S.E., Cuthbertson, D.J., Kemp, G.J., Barrett, M., Jackson, N.C., Herring, R.A, Wright, J., Thomas, E.L., Bell, J.D. and Umpleby, A.M. 2020. HDL-apoA-I kinetics in response to 16 weeks exercise training in men with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). American Journal of Physiology - Endocrinology and Metabolism. 318 (6), pp. E839-E847. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00019.2020

Ethnic differences in adiposity and diabetes risk – insights from genetic studies
Yaghootkar, H., Bell, J.D., Whitcher, B. and Thomas, E.L. 2020. Ethnic differences in adiposity and diabetes risk – insights from genetic studies. Journal of Internal Medicine. 288 (3), pp. 271-283. https://doi.org/10.1111/joim.13082

Automated Measurement of Pancreatic Fat and Iron Concentration Using Multi-Echo and T1-Weghted MRI Data
Basty, N., Liu, Y., Cule, M., Thomas, E.L., Bell, J.D. and Whitcher, B. 2020. Automated Measurement of Pancreatic Fat and Iron Concentration Using Multi-Echo and T1-Weghted MRI Data. International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging 2020. Iowa City, USA 03 - 07 Apr 2020 IEEE . https://doi.org/10.1109/ISBI45749.2020.9098650

Genome-wide and Mendelian randomisation studies of liver MRI yield insights into the pathogenesis of steatohepatitis
Parisinos, C.A., Wilman, H., Thomas, E.L., Kelly, M., Nicholls, R.C., McGonigle, J., Neubauer, S., Hingorani, A.D., Patel, R.S., Hemingway, H., Bell, J.D., Banerjee, R and Yaghootkar, H. 2020. Genome-wide and Mendelian randomisation studies of liver MRI yield insights into the pathogenesis of steatohepatitis. Journal of Hepatology. 73, pp. 241-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2020.03.032

The role of physical activity in metabolic homeostasis before and after the onset of type 2 diabetes: an IMI DIRECT study
Koivula, R.W., Atabaki-Pasdar, N, Giordano, G.N., White, T., Adamski, J., Bell, J.D., Beulens, J, Brage, S, Brunak, S., De Masi, F., Dermitzakis, E.T., Forgie, I.M., Frost, G.S., Hansen, T., Hansen, T.H., Hattersley, A., Kokkola, T., Kurbasic, A., Laakso, M., Mari, A., McDonald T.J., Pedersen, O., Rutters, F., Schwenk, J.M, Teare, H.J.A., Thomas, E.L., Vinuela, A., Mahajan, A., McCarthy, M.I., Ruetten, H., Walker, M., Pearson, E., Pavo, I. and Franks, P.W. 2020. The role of physical activity in metabolic homeostasis before and after the onset of type 2 diabetes: an IMI DIRECT study. Diabetologia. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-019-05083-6

Berberine for prevention of dementia associated with diabetes and its comorbidities: A systematic review
Shinjyo, N., Parkinson, J., Bell, J.D., Katsuno, T. and Bligh, S.W.A. 2020. Berberine for prevention of dementia associated with diabetes and its comorbidities: A systematic review. Journal of Integrative Medicine. 18 (2), pp. 125-151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joim.2020.01.004

Genetic studies of MRI liver fat content identify susceptibility variants with variable metabolic effects
Parisinos, Constantinos, Wilman, Henry, Kelly, Matt, Neubauer, Stefan, Thomas, Louise, Bell, Jimmy, Hingorani, Aroon, Patel, Riyaz, Hemingway, Harry, Banerjee, Rajarshi and Yaghootkar, Hanieh 2019. Genetic studies of MRI liver fat content identify susceptibility variants with variable metabolic effects. Gut. 68 (Supplement 2), p. A110. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2019-bsgabstracts.208

PTU-028 Genome-wide association study of MRI liver iron content in UK biobank identifies 3 susceptibility variants
Parisinos, Constantinos, Wilman, Henry, Kelly, Matt, Neubauer, Stefan, Thomas, Louise, Bell, Jimmy, Hingorani, Aroon, Patel, Riyaz, Hemingway, Harry, Banerjee, Rajarshi and Yaghootkar, Hanieh 2019. PTU-028 Genome-wide association study of MRI liver iron content in UK biobank identifies 3 susceptibility variants. Gut. 68, pp. A125-A126. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2019-bsgabstracts.237

Genome-wide association study of MRI liver iron content in 9,800 individuals yields new insights into its link with hepatic and extrahepatic diseases
Wilman, H. R., Parisinos, C. A., Atabaki-Pasdar, N., Kelly, M., Thomas, E. L., Neubauer, S., Hingorani, A., Mahajan, A., Patel, R., Hemingway, H., Franks, P. W., Bell, J., Banerjee, R. and Yaghootkar, H. 2019. Genome-wide association study of MRI liver iron content in 9,800 individuals yields new insights into its link with hepatic and extrahepatic diseases. European Journal of Human Genetics. 27 (Supplment 2), p. 1148 Meeting Abstract C21.5.

Subcutaneous Abdominal Fat Has a Stronger Association with Prediabetes than Visceral Fat in Young Indians
Wagh, Rucha H., Bawdekar, Rupali U., Alenaini, Wareed, Thomas, Elizabeth L., Bell, Jimmy David and Yajnik, Chittaranjan S. 2019. Subcutaneous Abdominal Fat Has a Stronger Association with Prediabetes than Visceral Fat in Young Indians. Diabetes. 68 (Supplement 1), pp. 2106-P. https://doi.org/10.2337/db19-2106-p

Genome-wide association studies of abdominal MRI scans identifies loci associated with liver fat and liver iron in the UK Biobank
Wilman, Henry, Parisinos, Constantinos, Kelly, Matt, Neubauer, Stefan, Thomas, Louise, Bell, Jimmy, Banerjee, Rajarshi, Yaghootkar, Hanieh and Thomas, E. Louise 2019. Genome-wide association studies of abdominal MRI scans identifies loci associated with liver fat and liver iron in the UK Biobank. Journal of Hepatology. 70 (1, Supplement) E315. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0618-8278(19)30236-1

New alcohol-related genes suggest shared genetic mechanisms with neuropsychiatric disorders
Evangelou, E., Gao, H., Chu, C., Ntritsos, G., Blakeley, P., Butts, A., Pazoki, R., Suzuki, H., Koskeridis, F., Yiorkas, A., Karaman, I., Elliott, J., Luo, Q., Aeschbacher, S., Bartz, T., Baumeister, S., Braund, P., Brown, M., Brody, J., Clarke, T., Dimou, N., Faul, J., Homuth, G., Jackson, A., Kentistou, K., Joshi, P., Lemaitre, R., Lind, P., Lyytikäinen, L., Mangino, M., Milaneschi, Y., Nelson, C., Nolte, I., Perälä, M., Polasek, O., Porteous, D., Ratliff, S., Smith, J., Stančáková, A., Teumer, A., Tuominen, S., Thériault, S., Vangipurapu, J., Whitfield, J., Wood, A., Yao, J., Yu, B., Zhao, W., Arking, D., Auvinen, J., Liu, C., Männikkö, M., Risch, L., Rotter, J., Snieder, H., Veijola, J., Blakemore, A., Boehnke, M., Campbell, H., Conen, D., Eriksson, J., Grabe, H., Guo, X., van der Harst, P., Hartman, C., Hayward, C., Heath, A., Jarvelin, M., Kähönen, M., Kardia, S., Kühne, M., Kuusisto, J., Laakso, M., Lahti, J., Lehtimäki, T., McIntosh, A., Mohlke, K., Morrison, A., Martin, N., Oldehinkel, A., Penninx, B., Psaty, B., Raitakari, O., Rudan, I., Samani, N., Scott, L., Spector, T., Verweij, N., Weir, D., Wilson, J., Levy, D., Tzoulaki, I., Bell, J.D., Matthews, P., Rothenfluh, A., Desrivières, S., Schumann, G. and Elliott, P. 2019. New alcohol-related genes suggest shared genetic mechanisms with neuropsychiatric disorders. Nature Human Behaviour. 3 (9), pp. 950-961. https://doi.org/10.1038/S41562-019-0653-Z

A Framework for Automatic Morphological Feature Extraction and Analysis of Abdominal Organs in MRI Volumes
Asaturyan, H., Thomas, E.L., Bell, J.D. and Villarini, B. 2019. A Framework for Automatic Morphological Feature Extraction and Analysis of Abdominal Organs in MRI Volumes. Journal of Medical Systems. 43 334. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-019-1474-3

Advancing Pancreas Segmentation in Multi-protocol MRI Volumes using Hausdorff-Sine Loss Function
Asaturyan, H., Thomas, E.L., Fitzpatrick, J., Bell, J.D. and Villarini, B. 2019. Advancing Pancreas Segmentation in Multi-protocol MRI Volumes using Hausdorff-Sine Loss Function. 10th International Workshop on Machine Learning in Medical Imaging (MLMI 2019) in conjunction with MICCAI 2019. Shenzen, China 13 Oct 2019 Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32692-0_4

The pineal hormone melatonin inhibits doxorubicin-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes
Kasi Ganeshan, T., Bell, J.D. and Chong, Nelson W. 2019. The pineal hormone melatonin inhibits doxorubicin-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. ESC Congress 2019. Paris, France 31 Aug - 04 Sep 2019

The pineal hormone melatonin inhibits doxorubicin-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes
Kasi Ganeshan, T., Bell, J.D. and Chong, Nelson W. 2019. The pineal hormone melatonin inhibits doxorubicin-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. Heart Failure 2019 and the World Congress on Acute Heart Failure. Megaron Athens International Conference Centre, Greece 25 - 28 May 2019 https://doi.org/10.1002/ejhf.1488

Cannabidiol is a Novel Modulator of Bacterial Membrane Vesicles
Kosgodage, U., Matewele, P., Awamaria, B., Kraev, I., Warde, P., Mastroianni, G., Nunn, A., Guy, G.W., Bell, J.D., Inal, J.M. and Lange, S. 2019. Cannabidiol is a Novel Modulator of Bacterial Membrane Vesicles. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology. 9 324. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2019.00324

Machine Learning Classification of Females Susceptibility to Visceral Fat Associated Diseases
Aldraimli, M., Soria, D., Parkinson, J., Whitcher, B., Thomas, E.L., Bell, J.D., Chaussalet, T.J. and Dwek, M. 2019. Machine Learning Classification of Females Susceptibility to Visceral Fat Associated Diseases. MEDICON 2019: XV Mediterranean Conference on Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing. Coimbra, Portugal 26 - 28 Sep 2019 Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31635-8_81

Genetic studies of abdominal MRI data identify genes regulating hepcidin as major determinants of liver iron concentration
Wilman, H.R., Parisinos, C.A., Atabaki-Pasdar, N., Kelly, M., Thomas, E.L., Neubauer, S., Mahajan, A., Hingorani, A.D., Patel, R.S., Hemingway, H., Franks, P.W., Bell, J.D., Banerjee, R. and Yaghootkar, H. 2019. Genetic studies of abdominal MRI data identify genes regulating hepcidin as major determinants of liver iron concentration. Journal of Hepatology. 71 (3), pp. 594-602. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2019.05.032

LEAP2 changes with body mass and food intake in humans and mice
Mani, B.K., Puzziferri, N., He, Z., Rodriguez, J.A., Osborne-Lawrence, S., Metzger, N.P., Chhina, N., Gaylinn, B.D., Thorner, M.O., Thomas, E.L., Bell, J.D., Williams, K.W., Goldstone, A.P. and Zigman, J.M. 2019. LEAP2 changes with body mass and food intake in humans and mice. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 129 (9), pp. 3909-3923. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI125332

Discovery of biomarkers for glycaemic deterioration before and after the onset of type 2 diabetes: descriptive characteristics of the epidemiological studies within the IMI DIRECT Consortium
Koivula, R.W., Forgie, I.M., Kurbasic, A., Viñuela, A., Heggie, A., Giordano, G.N., Hansen, T.H., Hudson, M., Koopman, A.D., Rutters, F., Siloaho, M., Allin, K.H., Brage, S., Brorsson, C.A., Dawed, A.Y., De Masi, F., Groves, C.J., Kokkola, T., Mahajan, A., Perry, M.H., Rauh, S.P., Ridderstråle, M., Teare, H.J.A., Thomas, E.L., Tura, A., Vestergaard, H., White, T., Adamski, J., Bell, J.D., Beulens, J., Brunak, S., Dermitzakis, E.T., Froguel, P., Frost, G., Gupta, R., Hansen, T., Hattersley, A., Jablonka, B., Kaye, J., Laakso, M., McDonald, T.J., Pedersen, O., Schwenk, J.M., Pavo, I., Mari, A., McCarthy, M.I., Ruetten, H., Walker, M., Pearson, E. and Franks, P.W. 2019. Discovery of biomarkers for glycaemic deterioration before and after the onset of type 2 diabetes: descriptive characteristics of the epidemiological studies within the IMI DIRECT Consortium. Diabetologia. 62 (9), pp. 1601-1615. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-019-4906-1

Intraperitoneal delivery of acetate-encapsulated liposomal nanoparticles for neuroprotection of the penumbra in a rat model of ischemic stroke
So, P.W., Ekonomou, A., Galley, K., Brody, Leigh, Sahuri-Arisoylu, M., Rattray, I., Cash, D. and Bell, J.D. 2019. Intraperitoneal delivery of acetate-encapsulated liposomal nanoparticles for neuroprotection of the penumbra in a rat model of ischemic stroke. International Journal of Nanomedicine. 2019 (14), p. 1979–1991. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S193965

Cannabidiol Affects Extracellular Vesicle Release, miR21 and miR126, and Reduces Prohibitin Protein in Glioblastoma Multiforme Cells
Kosgodage, U., Uysal Onganer, P., Maclatchy, A., Mould, R., Nunn, A.V.W., Guy, G.W., Kraev, I., Chatterton, N.P., Thomas, E.L., Inal, J.M., Bell, J.D. and Lange, S. 2019. Cannabidiol Affects Extracellular Vesicle Release, miR21 and miR126, and Reduces Prohibitin Protein in Glioblastoma Multiforme Cells. Translational Oncology. 12 (3), pp. 513-522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranon.2018.12.004

Genome-wide and abdominal MRI-imaging data provides evidence that a genetically determined favourable adiposity phenotype is characterized by lower ectopic liver fat and lower risk of type 2 diabetes, heart disease and hypertension
Ji, Y., Yiorkas, A.M., Frau, F., Mook-Kanamori, D., Staiger, H., Thomas, E.L., Atabaki-Pasdar, N., Campbell, A., Tyrrell, J., Jones, S.E., Beaumont, R.N., Wood, A.R., Tuke, M.A., Ruth, K.S., Mahajan, A., Murray, A., Freathy, R.M., Weedon, M.N., Hattersley, A.T., Hayward, C., Machann, J., Häring, H.U., Franks, P.W., de Mutsert, R., Pearson, E., Stefan, N., Frayling, T.M., Allebrandt, K.V., Bell, J.D., Blakemore, A.I. and Yaghootkar, H. 2019. Genome-wide and abdominal MRI-imaging data provides evidence that a genetically determined favourable adiposity phenotype is characterized by lower ectopic liver fat and lower risk of type 2 diabetes, heart disease and hypertension. Diabetes. 68 (1), pp. 207-219. https://doi.org/10.2337/db18-0708

The effects of dietary supplementation with inulin and inulin-propionate ester on hepatic steatosis in adults with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Chambers, E.S., Byrne, C.S., Rugyendo, A., Morrison, D.J., Preston, T., Tedford, M.C., Bell, J.D., Thomas, E.L., Akbar, A.N., Riddell, N.E., Sharma, R., Thursz, M.R., Manousou, P. and Frost, G. 2019. The effects of dietary supplementation with inulin and inulin-propionate ester on hepatic steatosis in adults with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism. 21 (2), pp. 372-376. https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.13500

Reference range of liver corrected T1 values in a population at low risk for fatty liver disease-a UK Biobank sub-study, with an appendix of interesting cases
Mojtahed, A., Kelly, C.J., Herlihy, A.H., Kin, S., Wilman, H.R., McKay, A., Kelly, M., Milanesi, M., Neubauer, S,, Thomas, E.L., Bell, J.D., Banerjee, R. and Harisinghani, M. 2019. Reference range of liver corrected T1 values in a population at low risk for fatty liver disease-a UK Biobank sub-study, with an appendix of interesting cases. Abdominal Radiology. 44 (1), pp. 72-84. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00261-018-1701-2

Genome-Wide and Abdominal Imaging Data Characterizes Common Alleles Associated with Higher BMI and Subcutaneous Fat but Less Liver Fat and Lower Risk of Type 2 Diabetes
Yaghootkar, Hanieh, Ji, Yingjie, Yiorkas, Andrianos M., Frau, Francesca, Mook-Kanamori, Dennis, De Mutsert, Renee, Tyrrell, Jessica, Jones, Samuel E., Beaumont, Robert, Wood, Andrew R., Thomas, Louise, Allebrandt, Karla V., Stefan, Norbert, Staiger, Harald, Pearson, Ewan, Blakemore, Alex I., Bell, Jimmy D. and Frayling, Timothy M. 2018. Genome-Wide and Abdominal Imaging Data Characterizes Common Alleles Associated with Higher BMI and Subcutaneous Fat but Less Liver Fat and Lower Risk of Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes. 67 (Supplement 1), pp. 20-OR. https://doi.org/10.2337/db18-20-or

Measurement of liver iron by magnetic resonance imaging in the UK Biobank population
McKay, A., Wilman, H., Dennis, A., Kelly, M., Gyngell, M.L., Neubauer, S., Bell, J.D., Banerjee, R. and Thomas, E.L. 2018. Measurement of liver iron by magnetic resonance imaging in the UK Biobank population. PLoS ONE. 13 (12) e0209340. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209340

Cannabidiol (CBD) is a Novel Inhibitor for Exosome and Microvesicle (EMV) Release in Cancer
Kosgodage, U., Mould, R., Henley, A., Nunn, A.V.W., Guy, G.W., Thomas, E.L., Inal, J.M., Bell, J.D. and Lange, S. 2018. Cannabidiol (CBD) is a Novel Inhibitor for Exosome and Microvesicle (EMV) Release in Cancer. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 9 889. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2018.00889

Plasma metabolome analysis identifies distinct human metabotypes in the postprandial state with different susceptibility to weight loss–mediated metabolic improvements
Fiamoncini, J., Rundle, M., Gibbons, H., Thomas, E.L., Geillinger-Kästle, K., Bunzel, D., Trezzi, J.P., Kiselova-Kaneva, J., Wopereis, S., Wahrheit, J., Kulling, S.E., Hiller, K., Sonntag, D., Ivanova, D., van Ommen, B, Frost, G., Brennan, L., Bell, J.D. and Daniel, H. 2018. Plasma metabolome analysis identifies distinct human metabotypes in the postprandial state with different susceptibility to weight loss–mediated metabolic improvements. FASEB Journal. 32 (10), p. 5447–5458. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.201800330R

Body Composition Profiling in the UK Biobank Imaging Study
Linge, J., Borger Magnus, West, J., Tuthill, T., Miller, M.R., Dumitriu, A., Thomas, E.L., Romu, T., Tunón, P., Bell, J.D. and Leinhard, O.D. 2018. Body Composition Profiling in the UK Biobank Imaging Study. Obesity. 26 (11), pp. 1785-1795. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.22210

Advanced body composition assessment: from body mass index to body composition profiling
Borga, M., West, J., Bell, J.D., Harvey, N.C., Romu, T., Heymsfield, S.B. and Leinhard, O.D. 2018. Advanced body composition assessment: from body mass index to body composition profiling. Journal of Investigative Medicine. 66 (5), pp. 887-895. https://doi.org/10.1136/jim-2018-000722

Rifaximin in Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis: An Open-Label Pilot Study
Cobbold, J.F.L., Atkinson, S., Marchesi, J.R., Smith, A., Wai, S.N., Stove, J., Shojaee-Moradie, F., Jackson, N.C., Umpleby, A.M., Fitzpatrick, J., Thomas, E.L., Bell, J.D., Holmes, E., Taylor-Robinson, S.D., Goldin, R.D., Yee, M.S., Anstee, Q.M. and Thursz, M.R. 2018. Rifaximin in Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis: An Open-Label Pilot Study. Hepatology Research. 48 (1), pp. 69-77. https://doi.org/10.1111/hepr.12904

UK Biobank Study of Liver Iron Overload Shows Variable Penetrance of Different Genotypes
Mckay, Andrew G., Wilman, Henry R., Dennis, Andrea, Kelly, Matthew D., Thomas, Elizabeth L., Bell, Jimmy D., Neubauer, Stefan and Banerjee, Rajarshi 2017. UK Biobank Study of Liver Iron Overload Shows Variable Penetrance of Different Genotypes. Hepatology. 66 (Supplement 1), pp. 433A-434A.

Non-invasive stratification of fatty liver disease with high-throughput multiparametric MRI
Kelly, Matthew D., Wilman, Henry R., Dennis, Andrea, Thomas, Elizabeth L., Bell, Jimmy D., Neubauer, Stefan, Banerjee, Rajarshi and Thomas, E.L. 2017. Non-invasive stratification of fatty liver disease with high-throughput multiparametric MRI. Hepatology. 66 (Supplement 1), p. 1112A.

Fermentable carbohydrate stimulates FFAR2-dependent colonic PYY cell expansion to increase satiety
Brooks, L., Viardot, A., Tsakmaki, A., Stolarczyk, E., Howard, J., Cani, P., Everard, A., Sleeth, M., Psichas, A., Anastasovskaj, J., Bell, J.D., Bell-Anderson, K., Mackay, C., Ghatei, M., Bloom, S., Frost, G. and Bewick, G. 2017. Fermentable carbohydrate stimulates FFAR2-dependent colonic PYY cell expansion to increase satiety. Molecular Metabolism. 6 (1), pp. 48-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MOLMET.2016.10.011

Impact of liver fat on the differential partitioning of hepatic triacylglycerol into VLDL subclasses on high and low sugar diets
Umpleby, A.M., Shoajee-Moradie, F., Fielding, F., Li, X., Marino, A., Alsini, N, Isherwood, C, Jackson, N.C., Ahmad, A., Stolinski, M., Lovegrove, J.A., Johnsen, S., Mendis, A., Wright, J., Wilinska, M.E., Hovorka, R., Bell, J.D., Thomas, E.L., Frost, G.S. and Griffin, B.A. 2017. Impact of liver fat on the differential partitioning of hepatic triacylglycerol into VLDL subclasses on high and low sugar diets. Clinical Science. 131 (21), pp. 2561-2573. https://doi.org/10.1042/CS20171208

The Potential of Omega-3 Supplementation to Reduce Muscle-Inflammation after Muscle-Damaging Exercise
Kyriakidou, Y., Kantorovich, R.C., Bell, J.D., Monterisi, S. and Dolci, A. 2017. The Potential of Omega-3 Supplementation to Reduce Muscle-Inflammation after Muscle-Damaging Exercise. ACSM Annual Meeting, World Congress on Exercise is Medicine & World Congress on the Basic Science of Exercise and the Brain. Denver, Colorado 30 May - 03 Jun 2017 American College of Sports Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000518523.15295.1c

Cationic lipid-based nanoparticles mediate functional delivery of acetate to tumor cells in vivo leading to significant anticancer effects
Brody, L.P., Sahuri Arisoylu, M., Parkinson, J.R., Parkes, H.G., So, P-W, Hajji, N, Thomas, E.L., Frost, G.S., Miller, A.D. and Bell, J.D. 2017. Cationic lipid-based nanoparticles mediate functional delivery of acetate to tumor cells in vivo leading to significant anticancer effects. International Journal of Nanomedicine. 12, pp. 6677-6685. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S135968

The Hormesis of Thinking: A Deeper Quantum Thermodynamic Perspective?
Nunn, A.V.W., Guy, G.W. and Bell, J.D. 2017. The Hormesis of Thinking: A Deeper Quantum Thermodynamic Perspective? International Journal of Neurorehabilitation. 4 (3), p. 272 272. https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-0281.1000272

Thyroid Hormone Receptor Beta in the Ventromedial Hypothalamus Is Essential for the Physiological Regulation of Food Intake and Body Weight
Hameed, S., Patterson, M., Dhillo, W.S., Rahman, S.A., Ma, Y., Holton, C., Gogakos, A., Yeo, G.S.H., Lam, B.Y.H., Polex-Wolf, J., Fenske, W., Bell, J.D., Anastasovska, J., Samarut, J., Bloom, S.R., Bassett, J.H.D., Williams, G.R. and Gardiner, J.V. 2017. Thyroid Hormone Receptor Beta in the Ventromedial Hypothalamus Is Essential for the Physiological Regulation of Food Intake and Body Weight. Cell Reports. 19 (11), pp. 2202-2219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2017.05.066

A Framework for Morphological Feature Extraction of Organs from MR Images for Detection and Classification of Abnormalities
Villarini, B., Asaturyan, H., Thomas, E.L., Mould, R. and Bell, J.D. 2017. A Framework for Morphological Feature Extraction of Organs from MR Images for Detection and Classification of Abnormalities. Proceedings of the 30th IEEE International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (CBMS’17). Thessaloniki, Greece 22 - 24 Jun 2017 IEEE . https://doi.org/10.1109/CBMS.2017.49

Psoas major cross-sectional area: A potential marker of cardiorespiratory fitness
Fitzpatrick, J., Chambers, E.S., Parkinson, J.R.C., Frost, G., Bell, J.D. and Thomas, E.L. 2017. Psoas major cross-sectional area: A potential marker of cardiorespiratory fitness. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Physiology. 4 (1), pp. 15-20. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijcep.ijcep_6_17

Metabolic dysfunction following weight cycling in male mice
Schofield, S.E., Parkinson, J., Henley, A., Sahuri Arisoylu, M., Sanchez-Canon, G.J. and Bell, J.D. 2017. Metabolic dysfunction following weight cycling in male mice. International Journal of Obesity. 41 (3), pp. 402-411. https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2016.193

Characterisation of liver fat in the UK Biobank cohort
Wilman, H., Kelly, M., Garratt, S., Matthews, P., Milanesi, M., Herlihy, A.H., Gyngell, M, Neubauer, S, Bell, J.D., Banerjee, R and Thomas, E.L. 2017. Characterisation of liver fat in the UK Biobank cohort. PLoS ONE. 12 (2) e0172921. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0172921

Withania somnifera Root Extract Enhances Chemotherapy through ‘Priming’
Henley, A., Yang L., Chuang K-L., Sahuri Arisoylu, M., Wu, L-H., Bligh, S.W.A. and Bell, J.D. 2017. Withania somnifera Root Extract Enhances Chemotherapy through ‘Priming’. PLoS ONE. 12 (1) e0170917. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0170917

Investigating the lipodystrophy genetic score associations with insulin sensitivity, ectopic and visceral fat in people at risk or with diabetes: a DIRECT study
Frau, F., Mari, A., Thomas, E. L., Alenaini, W., Ruetten, H., 't Hart, L., Franks, P. W., Allebrandt, K. V., Bell, J. D. and Pearson, E. 2016. Investigating the lipodystrophy genetic score associations with insulin sensitivity, ectopic and visceral fat in people at risk or with diabetes: a DIRECT study. Diabetologia. 59 (Supplement 1), p. S175 Meeting Abstract 354.

Effect of energy restriction and physical exercise intervention on phenotypic flexibility as examined by transcriptomics analyses of mRNA from adipose tissue and whole body magnetic resonance imaging
Lee, S., Norheim, F., Langleite, T.M., Noreng, H.J., Storås, T.H., Afman, L.A., Frost, G., Bell, J.D., Thomas, E.L., Kolnes, K.J., Tangen, D.S., Stadheim, H.K., Gilfillan, G.D., Gulseth, H.L., Birkeland, K.I., Jensen, J., Drevon, C.A. and Holen, T. 2016. Effect of energy restriction and physical exercise intervention on phenotypic flexibility as examined by transcriptomics analyses of mRNA from adipose tissue and whole body magnetic resonance imaging. Physiological Reports. 4 (21), p. e13019 e13019. https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.13019

Feasibility of MR-Based Body Composition Analysis in Large Scale Population Studies
West, J., Leinhard, O.D., Romu, T., Collins, R., Garratt, S., Bell, J.D., Borga, M. and Thomas, E.L. 2016. Feasibility of MR-Based Body Composition Analysis in Large Scale Population Studies. PLoS ONE. 11 (9) e0163332. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0163332

The Quantum Mitochondrion and Optimal Health
Bell, J.D., Nunn, A.V.W. and Guy, G.W. 2016. The Quantum Mitochondrion and Optimal Health. Biochemical Society Transactions. 44 (4), pp. 1101-1110. https://doi.org/10.1042/BST20160096

Link between increased gut hormones signaling satiety and reduced food reward following gastric bypass surgery for obesity
Goldstone, A.P., Miras, A.D., Scholtz, S., Jackson, S., Neff, K.J., Pénicaud, L., Geoghegan, J., Chhina, N., Durighel, G., Bell, J.D., Meillon, S. and le Roux, C.W. 2016. Link between increased gut hormones signaling satiety and reduced food reward following gastric bypass surgery for obesity. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 101 (2), pp. 599-609. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2015-2665

Synergy between histone deacetylase inhibitors and DNA- damaging agents is mediated by histone deacetylase 2 in colorectal cancer
Alzoubi, S., Brody, L., Rahman, S., Mahul-Mellier, A.L., Mercado, N., Ito, K., El-Bahrawy, M., Silver, A., Boobis, A., Bell, J.D. and Hajji, N. 2016. Synergy between histone deacetylase inhibitors and DNA- damaging agents is mediated by histone deacetylase 2 in colorectal cancer. Oncotarget . 7 (28), pp. 44505-44521. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.9887

Exercise Training Reduces Liver Fat and Increases Rates of VLDL Clearance, but not VLDL Production in NAFLD
Shojaee-Moradie, F., Cuthbertson, D.J., Barrett, M., Jackson, N.C., Herring, R, Thomas, E.L., Bell, J.D., Kemp, G.J., Wright, J. and Umpleby, A.M. 2016. Exercise Training Reduces Liver Fat and Increases Rates of VLDL Clearance, but not VLDL Production in NAFLD. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 101 (11), pp. 4219-4228. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2016-2353

Efficacy and Safety of Cannabidiol and Tetrahydrocannabivarin on Glycemic and Lipid Parameters in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Group Pilot Study
Jadoon, K.A., Ratcliffe, S.H., Barrett, D.A., Thomas, E.L., Stott, C., Bell, J.D., O’Sullivan S.E. and Tan, G.D. 2016. Efficacy and Safety of Cannabidiol and Tetrahydrocannabivarin on Glycemic and Lipid Parameters in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Group Pilot Study. Diabetes Care. 39 (10), pp. 1777-1786. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc16-0650

Nutritional Evaluation and Optimisation in Neonates: a randomized, double-blind controlled trial of amino acid regimen and intravenous lipid composition in preterm parenteral nutrition
Uthaya, S.N., Liu, X., Babalis, D., Doré, C.J., Caroline, J., Warwick, J., Bell, J.D., Thomas, E.L., Ashby, D., Durighel, G., Ederies, A., Yanez-Lopez, M. and Modi, N. 2016. Nutritional Evaluation and Optimisation in Neonates: a randomized, double-blind controlled trial of amino acid regimen and intravenous lipid composition in preterm parenteral nutrition. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 106 (3), pp. 1443-1452. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.115.125138

Nutritional Evaluation and Optimisation in Neonates (NEON) trial of amino acid regimen and intravenous lipid composition in preterm parenteral nutrition: a randomised double-blind controlled trial
Uthaya, S.N., Liu, X., Babalis, D., Doré, C.J., Warwick, J., Bell, J.D., Thomas, E.L., Ashby, D., Durighel, G., Ederies, A., Yanez-Lopez, M. and Modi, N. 2016. Nutritional Evaluation and Optimisation in Neonates (NEON) trial of amino acid regimen and intravenous lipid composition in preterm parenteral nutrition: a randomised double-blind controlled trial. Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation. 3 (2). https://doi.org/10.3310/eme03020

Reprogramming of hepatic fat accumulation and 'browning' of adipose tissue by the short-chain fatty acid acetate
Sahuri Arisoylu, M., Brody, L., Parkinson, J., Parkes, H.G., Navaratnam, N., Miller, A.D., Thomas, E.L., Frost, G.S. and Bell, J.D. 2016. Reprogramming of hepatic fat accumulation and 'browning' of adipose tissue by the short-chain fatty acid acetate. International Journal of Obesity. 40, p. 955–963. https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2016.23

Liver fat in adults with GH deficiency: comparison to matched controls and the effect of GH replacement
Meienberg, F., Yee, M., Johnston, D.G., Cox, J., Robinson, S., Bell, J.D., Thomas, E.L., Taylor-Robinson, S.D. and Godsland, I.F. 2016. Liver fat in adults with GH deficiency: comparison to matched controls and the effect of GH replacement. Clinical Endocrinology. 85 (1), pp. 76-84. https://doi.org/10.1111/cen.13042

Effects of Elevating Colonic Propionate on Liver Fat Content in Adults with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Chambers, Edward, Viardot, Alexander, Psichas, Arianna, Morrison, Douglas, Murphy, Kevin, Zac-Varghese, Sagen, Preston, Tom, Tedford, Catriona, Bell, Jimmy, Thomas, Louise, Dhillo, Waljit, Bloom, Stephen and Frost, Gary 2015. Effects of Elevating Colonic Propionate on Liver Fat Content in Adults with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. FASEB Journal. 29 (Supplement 1) Meeting Abstract 385.2. https://doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.385.2

Body fat MRS
Thomas, E.L. and Bell, J.D. 2015. Body fat MRS. eMagRes. 4 (3), pp. 663-672. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470034590.emrstm1478

A randomized controlled trial: the effect of inulin on weight management and ectopic fat in subjects with prediabetes.
Guess, N.D., Dornhorst, A., Oliver, N., Bell, J.D., Thomas, E.L. and Frost, G.S. 2015. A randomized controlled trial: the effect of inulin on weight management and ectopic fat in subjects with prediabetes. Nutrition & Metabolism. 12 (36). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12986-015-0033-2

Validation of a fast method for quantification of intra-abdominal and subcutaneous adipose tissue for large-scale human studies
Borga, M., Thomas, E.L., Romu, T., Rosander, J., Fitzpatrick, J., Leinhard, O.D., Bell, J.D. and Borger Magnus 2015. Validation of a fast method for quantification of intra-abdominal and subcutaneous adipose tissue for large-scale human studies. NMR in Biomedicine. 28 (12), pp. 1747-1753. https://doi.org/10.1002/nbm.3432

Dissociation between exercise-induced reduction in liver fat and changes in hepatic and peripheral glucose homeostasis in obese patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.
Cuthbertson, D.J., Shojaee-Moradie, F., Sprung, V.S., Jones, H., Pugh, C.J., Richardson, P., Kemp, G.J., Barrett, M., Jackson, N.C., Thomas, E.L., Bell, J.D. and Umpleby, A.M. 2015. Dissociation between exercise-induced reduction in liver fat and changes in hepatic and peripheral glucose homeostasis in obese patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Clinical Science. 130 (2), pp. 93-104. https://doi.org/10.1042/CS20150447

Effects of targeted delivery of propionate to the human colon on appetite regulation, body weight maintenance and adiposity in overweight adults.
Chambers, E.S., Viardot, A., Psichas, A., Morrison, D.J., Murphy, K.G., Zac-Varghese, S.E., MacDougall, K., Preston, T., Tedford, C., Finlayson, G.S., Blundell, J.E., Bell, J.D., Thomas, E.L., Mt-Isa, S., Ashby, D., Gibson, G.R., Kolida, S., Dhillo, W.S., Bloom, S.R., Morley, W., Clegg, S., Frost, G.S. and Sagen E K Zac-Varghese 2015. Effects of targeted delivery of propionate to the human colon on appetite regulation, body weight maintenance and adiposity in overweight adults. Gut. 64 (11), pp. 1744-54. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2014-307913

Circulating pancreatic polypeptide concentrations predict visceral and liver fat content
Sam Amir, H., Sleeth Michelle, L., Thomas, E.L., Daud Norlida, M., Chambers, Edward, Shojaee-Moradie, Fariba, Umpleby, A.M., le Roux, C.W., Bech, Paul, Busbridge, Mark, Laurie, Rosemary Cuthbertson Daniel, J., Buckley, Adam, Bloom, S.R., Frost, G.S., Bell, J.D., Murphy, K.G., Ismail, Nurhafzan, Shoajee-Moradie, Fariba, Goldstone, A.P., Cuthbertson, D.J. and Ghatei, M.A. 2015. Circulating pancreatic polypeptide concentrations predict visceral and liver fat content. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 100 (3), pp. 1048-1052. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2014-3450

Sexual dimorphism in relation to adipose tissue and intrahepatocellular lipid deposition in early infancy
Gale, C., Jeffries, Suzan, Santhakumaran, S., Uthaya, S.N., Durighel, G., Alavi, Afshin, Modi, N., Thomas, E.L., Logan, Karen M., Parkinson, J.R.C. and Bell, J.D. 2015. Sexual dimorphism in relation to adipose tissue and intrahepatocellular lipid deposition in early infancy. International Journal of Obesity. 39 (4), pp. 629-32. https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2015.4

Targeted delivery of propionate to the human colon prevents body weight and intra-abdominal adipose tissue gain in overweight adults
Chambers, E.S., Viardot, A., Psichas, A., Morrison, D.J., Murphy, K.G., Zac-Varghese, S.E.K., MacDougall, K., Preston, T., Tedford, M.C., Bell, J.D., Thomas, E.L., Mt-Isa, S., Ashby, D., Dhillo, W.S., Bloom, S.R., Morley, W.G., Clegg, S. and Frost, G. 2014. Targeted delivery of propionate to the human colon prevents body weight and intra-abdominal adipose tissue gain in overweight adults. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society. 73 (Issue OCE1), p. E22. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0029665114000366

Preterm nutritional intake and MRI phenotype at term age: a prospective observational study
Vasu, V., Durighel, G., Malamateniou, C., Rutherford, M.A., Modi, N., Thomas, E.L. and Bell, J.D. 2014. Preterm nutritional intake and MRI phenotype at term age: a prospective observational study. BMJ Open. 4 (5) e005390. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005390

Body Fat: our own Janus
Thomas, E.L. and Bell, J.D. 2014. Body Fat: our own Janus. Physiology News. 96, pp. 24-27. https://doi.org/10.36866/pn.96.24

Multimetallic complexes and functionalized gold nanoparticles based on a combination of d- and f-elements
Sung, S., Holmes, H., Wainwright, L., Toscani, A., Stasiuk, G.J., White, A.J.P., Bell, J.D. and Wilton-Ely, J.D.E.T. 2014. Multimetallic complexes and functionalized gold nanoparticles based on a combination of d- and f-elements. Inorganic Chemistry. 53 (4), pp. 1989-2005. https://doi.org/10.1021/ic401936w

The association between objectively measured sitting and standing with body composition: a pilot study using magnetic resonance imaging
Smith, L., Thomas, E.L., Bell, J.D. and Hamer, M. 2014. The association between objectively measured sitting and standing with body composition: a pilot study using magnetic resonance imaging. BMJ Open. 4 (6) e005476. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005476

The intelligence paradox; will ET get the metabolic syndrome? Lessons from and for Earth
Nunn, A.V.W., Guy, G.W. and Bell, J.D. 2014. The intelligence paradox; will ET get the metabolic syndrome? Lessons from and for Earth. Nutrition and Metabolism. 11, p. 34. https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-7075-11-34

External validation of the fatty liver index and lipid accumulation product indices, using 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy, to identify hepatic steatosis in healthy controls and obese, insulin-resistant individuals
Cuthbertson, D.J., Weickert, M.O., Lythgoe, D., Sprung, V.S., Dobson, R., Shoajee-Moradie Fariba, Umpleby, A.M., Pfeiffer, A.F.H., Thomas, E.L., Bell, J.D., Jones, H. and Kemp, G.J. 2014. External validation of the fatty liver index and lipid accumulation product indices, using 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy, to identify hepatic steatosis in healthy controls and obese, insulin-resistant individuals. European Journal of Endocrinology. 171 (5), pp. 561-569. https://doi.org/10.1530/EJE-14-0112

Efficacy of increased resistant starch consumption in human type 2 diabetes
Bodinham, C.L., Smith, L., Thomas, E.L., Bell, J.D., Swann Jonathan, Costabile, A., Russell-Jones, D., Umpleby, A.M. and Robertson, M.D. 2014. Efficacy of increased resistant starch consumption in human type 2 diabetes. Endocrine Connections. 3 (2), pp. 75-84. https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-14-0036

The short-chain fatty acid acetate reduces appetite via a central homeostatic mechanism
Frost, G.S., Sleeth Michelle, L., Sahuri-Arisoylu, Meliz, Lizarbe, Blanca, Cerdan, Sebastian, Brody, Leigh, Anastasovska, J., Ghourab, Samar, Hankir, M., Zhang Shuai, Carling, David, Swann, Jonathan, Gibson, G.R., Viardot, A., Morrison, Douglas, Thomas, E.L. and Bell, J.D. 2014. The short-chain fatty acid acetate reduces appetite via a central homeostatic mechanism. Nature Communications. 5 3611. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms4611

Adiposity and hepatic lipid in healthy full-term, breastfed, and formula-fed human infants: a prospective short-term longitudinal cohort study
Gale, C., Thomas, E.L., Jeffries, Suzan, Durighel, G., Logan, Karen M., Parkinson, J.R.C., Uthaya, S.N., Santhakumaran, S., Bell, J.D. and Modi, N. 2014. Adiposity and hepatic lipid in healthy full-term, breastfed, and formula-fed human infants: a prospective short-term longitudinal cohort study. American Journal of Clinical Nutition. 99 (5), pp. 1034-1040. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.113.080200

Obese patients after gastric bypass surgery have lower brain-hedonic responses to food than after gastric banding
Scholtz, S., Miras, A.D., Chhina, N., Prechtl, C.G., Sleeth Michelle, L., Daud Norlida, M., Ismail Nurhafzan, Durighel, G., Ahmed, A.R., Olbers, T., Vincent, R.P., Alaghband-Zadeh, J., Ghatei, M.A., Waldman, A.D., Frost, G.S., Bell, J.D., le Roux, C.W. and Goldstone, A.P. 2014. Obese patients after gastric bypass surgery have lower brain-hedonic responses to food than after gastric banding. Gut. 63 (6), pp. 891-902. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2013-305008

Discovery of biomarkers for glycaemic deterioration before and after the onset of type 2 diabetes: rationale and design of the epidemiological studies within the IMI DIRECT Consortium
Koivula, R.W., Heggie, A., Barnett, A., Cederberg, H., Hansen, T.H., Koopman, A.D., Ridderstråle, M., Rutters, F., Vestergaard, H., Gupta, R., Herrgård, S., Heymans, M.W., Perry, M.H., Rauh, S., Siloaho, M., Teare, H.J.A., Thorand, B., Bell, J.D., Brunak, S., Frost, G.S., Jablonka, B., Mari, A., McDonald, T.J., Dekker, J.M., Hansen, T., Hattersley, A., Laakso, M., Pedersen, O., Koivisto, V., Ruetten, H., Walker, M., Pearson, E. and Franks, P.W. 2014. Discovery of biomarkers for glycaemic deterioration before and after the onset of type 2 diabetes: rationale and design of the epidemiological studies within the IMI DIRECT Consortium. Diabetologia. 57 (6), pp. 1132-1142. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-014-3216-x

Ghrelin mimics fasting to enhance human hedonic, orbitofrontal cortex, and hippocampal responses to food
Goldstone, A.P., Prechtl, C.G., Scholtz, S., Miras, A.D., Chhina, N., Durighel, G., Deliran, S.S., Beckmann, C., Ghatei, M.A., Ashby, D.R., Waldman, A.D., Gaylinn, B.D., Thorner, M.O., Frost, G.S., Bloom, S.R. and Bell, J.D. 2014. Ghrelin mimics fasting to enhance human hedonic, orbitofrontal cortex, and hippocampal responses to food. American Journal of Clinical Nutition. 99 (6), pp. 1319-1330. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.113.075291

The impact of oligofructose on stimulation of gut hormones, appetite regulation and adiposity
Daud Norlida, M., Ismail Nurhafzan, Thomas, E.L., Fitzpatrick, J., Swann Jonathan, Costabile, A., Pedersen, C., Frost, G.S., Bell, J.D., Childs, C.E. and Goldstone, A.P. 2014. The impact of oligofructose on stimulation of gut hormones, appetite regulation and adiposity. Obesity (Silver Spring). 22 (6), pp. 1430-1438. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.20754

Early nutritional determinants of intrahepatocellular lipid deposition in preterm infants at term age
Vasu, V., Thomas, E.L., Durighel, G., Hyde, M.J., Bell, J.D. and Modi, N. 2013. Early nutritional determinants of intrahepatocellular lipid deposition in preterm infants at term age. International Journal of Obesity. 37 (4), pp. 500-504. https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2012.213

Metabolic syndrome, overweight and fatty liver
Thomas, E.L., Fitzpatrick, J., Frost, G.S. and Bell, J.D. 2013. Metabolic syndrome, overweight and fatty liver. in: Berdanier, C.D., Dwyer, J.T. and Heber, D. (ed.) Handbook of nutrition and food, 3rd edition Boca Raton CRC Press. pp. 763-768

Mutations in the GABRB1 gene promote alcohol consumption through increased tonic inhibition
Anstee, Q.M., Knapp, S., Maguire, E.P., Hosie, A.M., Thomas, P., Mortensen, M., Bhome, R., Martinez, A., Walker, S.E., Dixon, C.I., Ruparelia, K., Montagnese, S., Kuo, Y.T., Herlihy, A.H., Bell, J.D., Robinson, I., Guerrini, I., McQuillin, A., Fisher, E.M.C., Ungless, M.A., Gurling, H.M.D., Morgan, M.Y., Brown, S.D.M., Stephens, D.N., Belelli, D., Lambert, J.J., Smart, T.G. and Thomas, H.C. 2013. Mutations in the GABRB1 gene promote alcohol consumption through increased tonic inhibition. Nature Communications. 4, p. 2816. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms3816

Whole body fat: content and distribution
Thomas, E.L., Fitzpatrick, J., Malik, S.J., Taylor-Robinson, S.D. and Bell, J.D. 2013. Whole body fat: content and distribution. Progress in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. 73, pp. 56-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnmrs.2013.04.001

A history of previous gestational diabetes mellitus is associated with adverse changes in insulin secretion and VLDL metabolism independently of increased intrahepatocellular lipid
Forbes, S., Godsland, I.F., Taylor-Robinson, S.D., Bell, J.D., Thomas, E.L., Patel, N., Hamilton, G., Parker, K.H., Marshall, I., Gray, C.D., Bedford, D.C., Caslake, M., Walker, B.R. and Johnston, D.G. 2013. A history of previous gestational diabetes mellitus is associated with adverse changes in insulin secretion and VLDL metabolism independently of increased intrahepatocellular lipid. Diabetologia. 56 (9), pp. 2021-2033. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-013-2956-3

Endocannabinoids in neuroendopsychology: multiphasic control of mitochondrial function
Nunn, A.V.W., Guy, G.W. and Bell, J.D. 2012. Endocannabinoids in neuroendopsychology: multiphasic control of mitochondrial function. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 367 (1607), pp. 3342-3352. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2011.0393

Adiposity in children and adolescents: correlates and clinical consequences of fat stored in specific body depots
Katzmarzyk, P.T., Shen, W., Baxter-Jones, A., Bell, J.D., Butte, N.F., Demerath, E.W., Gilsanz, V., Goran, M.I., Hirschler, V., Hu, H.H., Maffeis, C., Malina, R.M., Müller, M.J., Pietrobelli, A. and Wells, J.C.K. 2012. Adiposity in children and adolescents: correlates and clinical consequences of fat stored in specific body depots. Pediatric Obesity. 7 (5), pp. e42-e61. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2047-6310.2012.00073.x

Effect of lactobacillus acidophilus NCDC 13 supplementation on the progression of obesity in diet-induced obese mice
Arora, T., Anastasovska, J., Gibson, G.R., Tuohy, K., Kumar Sharma, R., Bell, J.D. and Frost, G.S. 2012. Effect of lactobacillus acidophilus NCDC 13 supplementation on the progression of obesity in diet-induced obese mice. British Journal of Nutrition. 108 (8), pp. 1382-1389. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114511006957

The effect of preterm birth on adiposity and metabolic pathways and the implications for later life
Thomas, E.L., Al Saud, N.B., Durighel, G., Frost, G.S. and Bell, J.D. 2012. The effect of preterm birth on adiposity and metabolic pathways and the implications for later life. Clinical Lipidology. 7 (3), pp. 275-288. https://doi.org/10.2217/clp.12.32

Elemental imaging of MRI contrast agents: benchmarking of LA-ICP-MS to MRI
Pugh, J.A.T., Cox, A.G., McLeod, C.W., Bunch, J., Writer, M.J., Hart, S.L., Bienemann, A., White, E. and Bell, J.D. 2012. Elemental imaging of MRI contrast agents: benchmarking of LA-ICP-MS to MRI. Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry. 403 (6), pp. 1641-1649. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-012-5973-z

Differential effects of two fermentable carbohydrates on central appetite regulation and body composition
Arora, T., Loo, R.L., Anastasovska, J., Gibson, G.R., Tuohy, K., Kumar Sharma, R., Swann Jonathan, Deaville, E.R., Sleeth Michelle, L., Thomas, E.L., Holmes, E., Bell, J.D. and Frost, G.S. 2012. Differential effects of two fermentable carbohydrates on central appetite regulation and body composition. PLoS ONE. 7 (8) e43263. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0043263

Validation of dual energy x-ray absorptiometry measures of abdominal fat by comparison with magnetic resonance imaging in an Indian population
Taylor, A.E., Kuper, H., Varma, R.D., Wells, J.C.K., Bell, J.D., Radhakrishna, K.V., Kulkarni, B., Kinra, S., Timpson, N.J., Ebrahim, S., Smith, G.D. and Ben-Shlomo, Y. 2012. Validation of dual energy x-ray absorptiometry measures of abdominal fat by comparison with magnetic resonance imaging in an Indian population. PLoS ONE. 7 (12) e51042. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051042

Metabolic profiling of the rat liver after chronic ingestion of alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate using in vivo and ex vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Solanky, B.S., Sanchez-Canon, G.J., Cobbold, J.F.L., Taylor-Robinson, S.D., Bell, J.D., Scudamore, C.L., Ross, E., Holder, J.C., So, P.W. and Cox, I.J. 2012. Metabolic profiling of the rat liver after chronic ingestion of alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate using in vivo and ex vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Toxicological Sciences. 126 (2), pp. 306-316. https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfs019

Increased energy expenditure in gastric bypass rats is not caused by activated brown adipose tissue
Hankir, M., Bueter, M., Gsell, W., Seyfried, F., Khalil, M., Smith, K.L., Bloom, S.R., Bell, J.D. and le Roux, C.W. 2012. Increased energy expenditure in gastric bypass rats is not caused by activated brown adipose tissue. Obesity Facts. 5 (3), pp. 349-358. https://doi.org/10.1159/000339742

Relation between trunk fat volume and reduction of total lung capacity in obese men
Watson, R.A., Pride, N.B., Thomas, E.L., Ind, P.W. and Bell, J.D. 2012. Relation between trunk fat volume and reduction of total lung capacity in obese men. Journal of Applied Physiology. 112 (1), pp. 118-126. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00217.2011

The missing risk: MRI and MRS phenotyping of abdominal adiposity and ectopic fat
Thomas, E.L., Parkinson, J.R.C., Frost, G.S., Goldstone, A.P., Doré, C.J., McCarthy, J., Collins, A.L., Fitzpatrick, J., Durighel, G., Taylor-Robinson, S.D. and Bell, J.D. 2012. The missing risk: MRI and MRS phenotyping of abdominal adiposity and ectopic fat. Obesity. 20 (1), pp. 76-87. https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2011.142

The effects of glutamate receptor agonists and antagonists on mouse hypothalamic and hippocampal neuronal activity shown through manganese enhanced MRI
Hankir, M., Parkinson, J.R.C., Bloom, S.R. and Bell, J.D. 2012. The effects of glutamate receptor agonists and antagonists on mouse hypothalamic and hippocampal neuronal activity shown through manganese enhanced MRI. NeuroImage. 59 (2), pp. 968-978. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.08.063

Fermentable carbohydrate alters hypothalamic neuronal activity and protects against the obesogenic environment
Anastasovska, J., Arora, T., Sanchez-Canon, G.J., Parkinson, J.R.C., Touhy, K., Gibson, G.R., Nadkarni, N., So, P.W., Goldstone, A.P., Thomas, E.L., Hankir, M., Van Loo, J., Modi, N., Bell, J.D. and Frost, G.S. 2012. Fermentable carbohydrate alters hypothalamic neuronal activity and protects against the obesogenic environment. Obesity. 20 (5), pp. 1016-1023. https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2012.6

Excess body fat in obese and normal weight subjects
Thomas, E.L., Frost, G.S., Taylor-Robinson, S.D. and Bell, J.D. 2012. Excess body fat in obese and normal weight subjects. Nutrition Research Reviews. 25 (1), pp. 150-161. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954422412000054

Intrahepatic insulin exposure, intrahepatocellular lipid and regional body fat in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Mehta, S.R., Godsland, I.F., Thomas, E.L., Pavitt, D.V., Morin, S.H.X., Bell, J.D., Taylor-Robinson, S.D. and Johnston, D.G. 2012. Intrahepatic insulin exposure, intrahepatocellular lipid and regional body fat in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 97 (6), pp. 2151-2159. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2011-2430

Hepatic steatosis, GH deficiency and the effects of GH replacement: a Liverpool magnetic resonance spectroscopy study
Gardner, C.J., Irwin, A., Daousi, C., McFarlane, I.A., Joseph, F., Bell, J.D., Thomas, E.L., Adams, V.L., Kemp, G.J. and Cuthbertson, D.J. 2012. Hepatic steatosis, GH deficiency and the effects of GH replacement: a Liverpool magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. European Journal of Endocrinology. 166, pp. 993-1002. https://doi.org/10.1530/EJE-12-0002

Gender differences in VLDL1 and VLDL2 triglyceride kinetics and fatty acid kinetics in obese postmenopausal women and obese men
Sarac, I., Backhouse, K., Shojaee-Moradie, F., Stolinski, M., Robertson, M.D., Bell, J.D., Thomas, E.L., Hovorka, R., Wright, J. and Umpleby, A.M. 2012. Gender differences in VLDL1 and VLDL2 triglyceride kinetics and fatty acid kinetics in obese postmenopausal women and obese men. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 97 (7), pp. 2475-2481. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2011-3248

Fatty acid flux and oxidation are increased by rimonabant in obese women
Backhouse, K., Sarac, I., Shojaee-Moradie, F., Stolinski, M., Robertson, M.D., Frost, G.S., Bell, J.D., Thomas, E.L., Wright, J., Russell-Jones, D. and Umpleby, A.M. 2012. Fatty acid flux and oxidation are increased by rimonabant in obese women. Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental. 61 (9), pp. 1220-1223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2012.02.012

Polycystic ovary syndrome with hyperandrogenism is characterized by an increased risk of hepatic steatosis compared to nonhyperandrogenic PCOS phenotypes and healthy controls, independent of obesity and insulin resistance
Jones, H., Sprung, V.S., Pugh, C.J.A., Daousi, C., Irwin, A., Aziz, N., Adams, V.L., Thomas, E.L., Bell, J.D., Kemp, G.J. and Cuthbertson, D.J. 2012. Polycystic ovary syndrome with hyperandrogenism is characterized by an increased risk of hepatic steatosis compared to nonhyperandrogenic PCOS phenotypes and healthy controls, independent of obesity and insulin resistance. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 97 (10), pp. 3709-3716. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2012-1382

A low molecular weight folate receptor targeted contrast agent for magnetic resonance tumour imaging
Kalber, T., Kamaly, N., So, P.W., Pugh, J.A.T., Bunch, J., McLeod, C.W., Jorgensen, M.R., Miller, A.D. and Bell, J.D. 2011. A low molecular weight folate receptor targeted contrast agent for magnetic resonance tumour imaging. Molecular Imaging and Biology. 13 (4), pp. 653-662. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11307-010-0400-3

Synthesis and characterisation of a novel tubulin-directed DO3A–colchicine conjugate with potential theranostic features
Wardle, N.J., Kalber, T., Bell, J.D. and Bligh, S.W.A. 2011. Synthesis and characterisation of a novel tubulin-directed DO3A–colchicine conjugate with potential theranostic features. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters. 21 (11), pp. 3346-3348. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.04.014

Peptide YY3-36 and pancreatic polypeptide differentially regulate hypothalamic neuronal activity in mice in vivo as measured by manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging
Hankir, M., Parkinson, J.R.C., Minnion, J.S., Addison, M.L., Bloom, S.R. and Bell, J.D. 2011. Peptide YY3-36 and pancreatic polypeptide differentially regulate hypothalamic neuronal activity in mice in vivo as measured by manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Journal of Neuroendocrinology. 23 (4), pp. 371-380. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2826.2011.02111.x

Novel multifunctional nanoparticle mediates siRNA tumour delivery, visualisation and therapeutic tumour reduction in vivo
Kenny, G., Kamaly, N., Kalber, T., Brody Leigh, Sahuri-Arisoylu Meliz, Shamsaei, E., Miller, A.D. and Bell, J.D. 2011. Novel multifunctional nanoparticle mediates siRNA tumour delivery, visualisation and therapeutic tumour reduction in vivo. Journal of Controlled Release. 149 (2), pp. 111-116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2010.09.020

Rapid reductions in left ventricular mass following a community based 12-week prevention programme are partially predicted by change in fat depots
Jenni, S., Tillin, T., Park, C.M., Baker, M.D., Thomas, E.L., Bell, J.D., Connolly, S.B., Wood, D.A., Hughes, A.D. and Chaturvedi, N. 2011. Rapid reductions in left ventricular mass following a community based 12-week prevention programme are partially predicted by change in fat depots. European Heart Journal.

Effects of 8 weeks oligofructose supplementation on appetite and body weight in overweight and obese adults
Daud, N.M., Ismail, N., Thomas, E.L., Scholtz, S., Durighel, G., Fitzpatrick, J.A., Goldstone, A.P., Bell, J.D., Bech, P.R., Chambers, E., Chhina, N., Ghatei, M.A., Pedersen, C. and Frost, G.S. 2011. Effects of 8 weeks oligofructose supplementation on appetite and body weight in overweight and obese adults. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society. 70 (Issue OCE6: Winter Meeting, 6–7 December 2011, 70th Anniversary: Body weight regulation – food, gut and brain signalling) E374. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0029665111004599

Impact of liver fat on the response of plasma triacylglycerol to diets high and low in extrinsic sugars
Ahmad, A., Isherwood, C., Bell, J. D., Thomas, E. L., Frost, G., Umpleby, M. and Griffin, B. A. 2011. Impact of liver fat on the response of plasma triacylglycerol to diets high and low in extrinsic sugars. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society. 70 (Issue OCE6: Winter Meeting, 6–7 December 2011, 70th Anniversary: Body weight regulation – food, gut and brain signalling) E364. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0029665111004496

Aberrant adiposity and ectopic lipid deposition characterize the adult phenotype of the preterm infant
Thomas, E.L., Parkinson, J.R.C., Hyde, M.J., Yap, I.K.S., Holmes, E., Doré, C.J., Bell, J.D. and Modi, N. 2011. Aberrant adiposity and ectopic lipid deposition characterize the adult phenotype of the preterm infant. Paediatric Research. 70 (5), pp. 507-512. https://doi.org/10.1203/PDR.0b013e31822d7860

Pragmatic study of orlistat 60 mg on abdominal obesity
Thomas, E.L., Makwana, A., Newbould, R., Rao, A.W., Gambarota, G., Frost, G.S., Delafont, B., Mishra, R.G., Matthews, P.M., Berk, E.S., Schwartz, S.M., Bell, J.D. and Beaver, J.D. 2011. Pragmatic study of orlistat 60 mg on abdominal obesity. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 65, pp. 1256-1262. https://doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2011.108

Targeting of anionic membrane species by lanthanide(III) complexes: towards improved MRI contrast agents for apoptosis
Surman, A.J., Kenny, G., Krishna Kumar, D., Bell, J.D., Casey, D.R. and Vilar, R. 2011. Targeting of anionic membrane species by lanthanide(III) complexes: towards improved MRI contrast agents for apoptosis. Chemical Communications. 47, pp. 10245-10247. https://doi.org/10.1039/C1CC13284A

The influence of maternal body mass index on infant adiposity and hepatic lipid content
Modi, N., Murgasova, D., Ruager-Martin, R., Thomas, E.L., Hyde, M.J., Gale, C., Santhakumaran, S., Doré, C.J., Alavi, Afshin and Bell, J.D. 2011. The influence of maternal body mass index on infant adiposity and hepatic lipid content. Paediatric Research. 70 (3), pp. 287-291. https://doi.org/10.1203/PDR.0b013e318225f9b1

Synthesis and characterization of a theranostic vascular disrupting agent for in vivo MR imaging
Kalber, T., Kamaly, N., Higham, S.A., Pugh, J.A.T., Bunch, J., McLeod, C.W., Miller, A.D. and Bell, J.D. 2011. Synthesis and characterization of a theranostic vascular disrupting agent for in vivo MR imaging. Bioconjugate Chemistry. 22 (5), pp. 879-886. https://doi.org/10.1021/bc100329t

A pyrophosphate-responsive gadolinium(III) MRI contrast agent
Surman, A.J., Bonnet, C.S., Lowe, M.P., Kenny, G., Bell, J.D., Tóth, É. and Vilar, R. 2011. A pyrophosphate-responsive gadolinium(III) MRI contrast agent. Chemistry: A European Journal. 17 (1), pp. 223-230. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201001397

Manganese enhancement in non-CNS organs
Lee, L.W., So, P.W., Price, A.N., Parkinson, J.R.C., Larkman, D.J., Halliday, J., Poucher, S.M., Pugh, J.A.T., Cox, A.G., McLeod, C.W. and Bell, J.D. 2010. Manganese enhancement in non-CNS organs. NMR in Biomedicine. 23 (8), pp. 931-938. https://doi.org/10.1002/nbm.1513

Imaging of gadolinium spatial distribution in tumor tissue by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
Kamaly, N., Pugh, J.A.T., Kalber, T., Bunch, J., Miller, A.D., McLeod, C.W. and Bell, J.D. 2010. Imaging of gadolinium spatial distribution in tumor tissue by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Molecular Imaging and Biology. 12 (4), pp. 361-366. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11307-009-0282-4

Peripherally injected cholecystokinin-induced neuronal activation is modified by dietary composition in mice
Zeeni, N., Nadkarni, N., Bell, J.D., Even, P.C., Fromentin, G., Tome, D. and Darcel, N. 2010. Peripherally injected cholecystokinin-induced neuronal activation is modified by dietary composition in mice. NeuroImage. 50 (4), pp. 1560-1565. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.01.065

The combined effects on neuronal activation and blood–brain barrier permeability of time and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in mice, as measured in vivo using MEMRI
Kuo, Y.T., So, P.W., Parkinson, J.R.C., Yu, W.S., Hankir, M., Herlihy, A.H., Goldstone, A.P., Frost, G.S., Wasserfall, C. and Bell, J.D. 2010. The combined effects on neuronal activation and blood–brain barrier permeability of time and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in mice, as measured in vivo using MEMRI. NeuroImage. 50 (4), pp. 1384-1391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.01.057

Impact of Maternal Body Mass Index on Offspring Liver Lipid Depends on Mode of Delivery
Murgasova, D., Logan, K., Hyde, M.J., Santhakumaran, S., Thomas, E.L., Bell, J.D. and Modi, N. 2010. Impact of Maternal Body Mass Index on Offspring Liver Lipid Depends on Mode of Delivery. Pediatric Research. 68 (Suppl 1) 30. https://doi.org/10.1203/00006450-201011001-00054

Fatty acid oxidation rate is higher in obese women than obese men
Shojaee-Moradie, F., Backhouse, K., Sarac, I., Stoliniski, M., Robertson, D., Bell, J.D., Thomas, E.L., Russell-Jones, D. and Umpleby, M. 2010. Fatty acid oxidation rate is higher in obese women than obese men. Diabetologia. 53 (Supplement 1), p. Meeting Abstract 780.

Reduction of total lung capacity in obese men: comparison of total intrathoracic and gas volumes
Watson, R.A., Pride, N.B., Thomas, E.L., Fitzpatrick, J., Durighel, G., McCarthy, J., Morin, S.H.X., Ind, P.W. and Bell, J.D. 2010. Reduction of total lung capacity in obese men: comparison of total intrathoracic and gas volumes. Journal of Applied Physiology. 108 (6), pp. 1605-1612. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01267.2009

Estimation of abdominal fat compartments by bioelectrical impedance: the validity of the ViScan measurement system in comparison with MRI
Thomas, E.L., Collins, A.L., McCarthy, J., Fitzpatrick, J., Durighel, G., Goldstone, A.P. and Bell, J.D. 2010. Estimation of abdominal fat compartments by bioelectrical impedance: the validity of the ViScan measurement system in comparison with MRI. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 64, pp. 525-533. https://doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2010.18

Efficient and rapid labelling of transplanted cell populations with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles using cell surface chemical biotinylation for in vivo monitoring by MRI
So, P.W., Kalber, T., Hunter, D., Farquharson, M., Al-Ebraheem, A., Parkes, H.G., Simon, R. and Bell, J.D. 2010. Efficient and rapid labelling of transplanted cell populations with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles using cell surface chemical biotinylation for in vivo monitoring by MRI. Cell Transplantation. 19 (4), pp. 419-429. https://doi.org/10.3727/096368910X498250

Inflammatory modulation of exercise salience: using hormesis to return to a healthy lifestyle
Nunn, A.V.W., Guy, G.W., Brodie, J.S. and Bell, J.D. 2010. Inflammatory modulation of exercise salience: using hormesis to return to a healthy lifestyle. Nutrition & Metabolism. 7, p. 87. https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-7075-7-87

Chemistry of tumour targeted T1 based MRI contrast agents
Kamaly, N., Miller, A.D. and Bell, J.D. 2010. Chemistry of tumour targeted T1 based MRI contrast agents. Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry. 10 (12), pp. 1158-1183. https://doi.org/10.2174/156802610791384199

A novel bimodal lipidic contrast agent for cellular labelling and tumour MRI
Kamaly, N., Kalber, T., Kenny, G., Bell, J.D., Jorgensen, M.R. and Miller, A.D. 2010. A novel bimodal lipidic contrast agent for cellular labelling and tumour MRI. Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry. 8, pp. 201-211. https://doi.org/10.1039/B910561A

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and ultrasound for hepatic fat quantification
Mehta, S.R., Thomas, E.L., Patel, N., Crofton, M.E., McCarthy, J., Eliahoo, J., Morin, S.H.X., Fitzpatrick, J., Durighel, G., Goldstone, A.P., Johnston, D.G., Bell, J.D. and Taylor-Robinson, S.D. 2010. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and ultrasound for hepatic fat quantification. Hepatology Research. 40 (4), pp. 399-406. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1872-034X.2009.00620.x

Resistant starch improves insulin sensitivity in metabolic syndrome
Johnston, K.L., Thomas, E.L., Bell, J.D., Frost, G.S. and Robertson, M.D. 2010. Resistant starch improves insulin sensitivity in metabolic syndrome. Diabetic Medicine. 27 (4), pp. 391-397. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-5491.2010.02923.x

Dominant role of the p110β isoform of PI3K over p110α in energy homeostasis regulation by POMC and AgRP neurons
Al-Qassab, H., Smith, M.A., Irvine, E.E., Guillermet-Guibert, J., Claret, M., Choudhury, A.I., Selman, C., Piipari, K., Clements, M., Lingard, S., Chandarana, K., Bell, J.D., Barsh, G.S., Smith, A.J.H., Batterham, R.L., Ashford, M.L.J., Vanhaesebroeck, B. and Withers, D.J. 2009. Dominant role of the p110β isoform of PI3K over p110α in energy homeostasis regulation by POMC and AgRP neurons. Cell Metabolism. 10 (5), pp. 343-354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2009.09.008

Fasting biases brain reward systems towards high-calorie foods
Goldstone, A.P., Prechtl de Hernandez, C.G., Beaver, J.D., Muhammed, K., Croese, C., Bell, G., Durighel, G., Hughes, E., Waldman, A.D., Frost, G.S. and Bell, J.D. 2009. Fasting biases brain reward systems towards high-calorie foods. European Journal of Neuroscience. 30 (8), pp. 1625-1635. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2009.06949.x

Cerebral activation by fasting induces lactate accumulation in the hypothalamus
Violante, I.R., Anastasovska, J., Sanchez-Canon, G.J., Rodrigues, T.B., Righi, V., Nieto-Charques, L., Parkinson, J.R.C., Bloom, S.R., Bell, J.D. and Cerdan Sebastian 2009. Cerebral activation by fasting induces lactate accumulation in the hypothalamus. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. 62 (2), pp. 279-283. https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.22010

Obesity, diabetes and longevity in the Gulf: is there a Gulf metabolic syndrome?
Guy, G.W., Nunn, A.V.W., Thomas, E.L. and Bell, J.D. 2009. Obesity, diabetes and longevity in the Gulf: is there a Gulf metabolic syndrome? International Journal of Diabetes Mellitus. 1 (1), pp. 43-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdm.2009.05.001

Differential patterns of neuronal activation in the brainstem and hypothalamus following peripheral injection of GLP-1, oxyntomodulin and lithium chloride in mice detected by manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI)
Parkinson, J.R.C., Chaudhri, O.B., Kuo, Y.T., Field, B.C.T., Herlihy, A.H., Dhillo, W.S., Ghatei, M.A., Bloom, S.R. and Bell, J.D. 2009. Differential patterns of neuronal activation in the brainstem and hypothalamus following peripheral injection of GLP-1, oxyntomodulin and lithium chloride in mice detected by manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI). NeuroImage. 44 (3), pp. 1022-1031. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.09.047

Lean Body Mass is Reduced in Preterm Infants at Term Age
Vasu, V., Thomas, E.L., Durighel, G., Uthaya, S., Bell, J.D. and Modi, N. 2009. Lean Body Mass is Reduced in Preterm Infants at Term Age. Acta Paediatrica. 98 (s460). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.2009.01482_1.x

The application of magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy to gene therapy
So, P.W., Bhakoo, K.K., Cox, I.J., Taylor-Robinson, S.D. and Bell, J.D. 2009. The application of magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy to gene therapy. in: Conn, P.M. (ed.) Essential bioimaging methods Academic Press. pp. 374-398

Diagonal-SPRITE and its applications for in vivo imaging at high field
Protti, A., Herlihy, A.H., So, P.W., Tessier, J., Kalber, T. and Bell, J.D. 2009. Diagonal-SPRITE and its applications for in vivo imaging at high field. The Open Magnetic Resonance Journal. 2, pp. 1-7. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874769800902010001

Imaging appetite regulating pathways in the central nervous system using manganese enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI)
Parkinson, J.R.C., Chaudhri, O.B. and Bell, J.D. 2009. Imaging appetite regulating pathways in the central nervous system using manganese enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI). Neuroendocrinology. 89 (2), pp. 121-130. https://doi.org/10.1159/000163751

Fat distribution in men of different waist girth, fitness level and exercise habit
O'Donovan, G., Thomas, E.L., McCarthy, J., Fitzpatrick, J., Durighel, G., Mehta, S.R., Morin, S.H.X., Goldstone, A.P. and Bell, J.D. 2009. Fat distribution in men of different waist girth, fitness level and exercise habit. International Journal of Obesity. 33 (12), pp. 1356-1362. https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2009.189

Lifestyle-induced metabolic inflexibility and accelerated ageing syndrome: insulin resistance, friend or foe?
Nunn, A.V.W., Bell, J.D. and Guy, G.W. 2009. Lifestyle-induced metabolic inflexibility and accelerated ageing syndrome: insulin resistance, friend or foe? Nutrition & Metabolism. 6, p. 16. https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-7075-6-16

Whole body magnetic resonance imaging of healthy newborn infants demonstrates increased central adiposity in Asian Indians
Modi, N., Thomas, E.L., Uthaya, S.N., Umranikar, S., Bell, J.D. and Yajnik, C. 2009. Whole body magnetic resonance imaging of healthy newborn infants demonstrates increased central adiposity in Asian Indians. Paediatric Research. 65 (5), pp. 584-587. https://doi.org/10.1203/PDR.0b013e31819d98be

Folate receptor targeted bimodal liposomes for tumor magnetic resonance imaging
Kamaly, N., Kalber, T., Thanou, M., Bell, J.D. and Miller, A.D. 2009. Folate receptor targeted bimodal liposomes for tumor magnetic resonance imaging. Bioconjugate Chemistry. 20 (4), pp. 648-655. https://doi.org/10.1021/bc8002259

Incidental findings in healthy control research subjects using whole-body MRI
Morin, S.H.X., Cobbold, J.F.L., Lim, A.K.P., Eliahoo, J., Thomas, E.L., Mehta, S.R., Durighel, G., Fitzpatrick, J., Bell, J.D. and Taylor-Robinson, S.D. 2009. Incidental findings in healthy control research subjects using whole-body MRI. European Journal of Radiology. 72 (3), pp. 529-533. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2008.08.006

Reduction in Total Lung Capacity in Obese Men: Role of Trunk Fat
Watson, A., Pride, N.B., Ind, P.W., Thomas, E.L. and Bell, J.D. 2008. Reduction in Total Lung Capacity in Obese Men: Role of Trunk Fat. Thorax. 63, p. A31.

Intra-Hepatic Insulin Exposure is Increased in Subjects with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)
Mehta, S.R., Godsland, I.F., Bell, J.D., Thomas, E.L., McCarthy, J., Durighel, G., Fitzpatrick, J., Taylor-Robinson, S.D. and Johnston, D.G. 2008. Intra-Hepatic Insulin Exposure is Increased in Subjects with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). Atherosclerosis Supplements. 9 (1), p. 121. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1567-5688(08)70487-2

Intra-hepatic insulin exposure but not percent extraction of newly-secreted insulin is increased in subjects with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)
Mehta, S.R., Godsland, I.F., Barton, N., Bell, J.D., Thomas, E.L., Fitzpatrick, J., Durighel, G., McCarthy, J., Taylor-Robinson, S.D. and Johnston, D.G. 2008. Intra-hepatic insulin exposure but not percent extraction of newly-secreted insulin is increased in subjects with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Diabetic Medicine. 25 (s1) A64. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-5491.2008.02389.x

Non-invasive means of measuring hepatic fat content
Mehta, S.R., Thomas, E.L., Bell, J.D., Johnston, D.G. and Taylor-Robinson, S.D. 2008. Non-invasive means of measuring hepatic fat content. World Journal of Gastroenterology. 14 (22), pp. 3476-3483. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.14.3476

Bimodal paramagnetic and fluorescent liposomes for cellular and tumor magnetic resonance imaging
Kamaly, N., Kalber, T., Ahmad, A., Oliver, M.H., So, P.W., Herlihy, A.H., Bell, J.D., Jorgensen, M.R. and Miller, A.D. 2008. Bimodal paramagnetic and fluorescent liposomes for cellular and tumor magnetic resonance imaging. Bioconjugate Chemistry. 19 (1), pp. 118-129. https://doi.org/10.1021/bc7001715

Neonatal intrahepatocellular lipid
Thomas, E.L., Uthaya, S.N., Vasu, V., McCarthy, J., McEwan, P., Hamilton, G., Bell, J.D. and Modi, N. 2008. Neonatal intrahepatocellular lipid. Archives of Disease in Childhood. Fetal and Neonatal Edition. 93 (5), pp. F382-F383. https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.2007.127431

The temporal sequence of gut peptide-central nervous system interactions tracked in vivo by magnetic resonance imaging
Kuo, Y.T., Parkinson, J.R.C., Chaudhri, O.B., Herlihy, A.H., So, P.W., Dhillo, W.S., Small, C.J., Bloom, S.R. and Bell, J.D. 2007. The temporal sequence of gut peptide-central nervous system interactions tracked in vivo by magnetic resonance imaging. Journal of Neuroscience. 27 (45), pp. 12341-12348. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2391-07.2007

Synthesis of a novel ‘smart’ bifunctional chelating agent 1-(2-[β,d-galactopyranosyloxy]ethyl)-7-(1-carboxy-3-[4-aminophenyl]propyl)-4,10-bis(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (Gal-PA-DO3A-NH2) and its Gd(III) complex
Wardle, N.J., Herlihy, A.H., So, P.W., Bell, J.D. and Bligh, S.W.A. 2007. Synthesis of a novel ‘smart’ bifunctional chelating agent 1-(2-[β,d-galactopyranosyloxy]ethyl)-7-(1-carboxy-3-[4-aminophenyl]propyl)-4,10-bis(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (Gal-PA-DO3A-NH2) and its Gd(III) complex. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry. 15 (14), pp. 4714-4721. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2007.05.004

The integration of lipid-sensing and anti-inflammatory effects: how the PPARs play a role in metabolic balance
Nunn, A.V.W., Bell, J.D. and Barter, P. 2007. The integration of lipid-sensing and anti-inflammatory effects: how the PPARs play a role in metabolic balance. Nuclear Receptor. 5 (1), pp. 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/1478-1336-5-1

Exploratory, randomised, double-blind, controlled trial of breast milk fortifier containing long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) in pre term (PT) infants: effects on term body composition
Uthaya, S., Buckley, E., McEwan, P., Thomas, E.L., Bell, J.D. and Modi, N. 2007. Exploratory, randomised, double-blind, controlled trial of breast milk fortifier containing long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) in pre term (PT) infants: effects on term body composition. Acta Paediatrica. 96.

Increased abdominal and visceral adiposity is manifest in Indian babies at birth
Yajnik, C., Umranikar, S., Lubree, H., Ganpule, A., McEwan, P., Thomas, E.L., Uthaya, S., Bell, J. and Modi, N. 2007. Increased abdominal and visceral adiposity is manifest in Indian babies at birth. Early Human Development. 83 (Supplement 1), pp. S66-S67. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0378-3782(07)70118-4

Relationship between intrahepatocellular lipid content and features of the metabolic syndrome in subjects with known nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and healthy volunteers
Mehta, S.R., Godsland, I.F., Thomas, E.L., Bell, J.D., Patel, N., Fitzpatrick, J., Durighel, G., Westerland, O., Anyakou, U., Pavitt, D., Taylor-Robinson, S.D. and Johnston, D.G. 2007. Relationship between intrahepatocellular lipid content and features of the metabolic syndrome in subjects with known nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and healthy volunteers. Diabetic Medicine. 24 (s1).

Impaired insulin-mediated non-esterified fatty acid suppression in patients with hepatic steatosis quantified using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Mehta, S.R., Barton, N., Godsland, I.F., Robinson, S., Bell, J.D., Thomas, E.L., Patel, N., Fitzpatrick, J., Durighel, G., Pavitt, D., Taylor-Robinson, S.D. and Johnston, D.G. 2007. Impaired insulin-mediated non-esterified fatty acid suppression in patients with hepatic steatosis quantified using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Diabetologia. 50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-007-0809-7

Impact of resistant starch on body fat patterning and central appetite regulation
So, P.W., Yu, W.S., Kuo, Y.T., Wasserfall, C., Goldstone, A.P., Bell, J.D. and Frost, G.S. 2007. Impact of resistant starch on body fat patterning and central appetite regulation. PLoS ONE. 2 (12) e1309. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0001309

Application of magnetic resonance methods to studies of gene therapy
So, P.W., Parkes, H.G. and Bell, J.D. 2007. Application of magnetic resonance methods to studies of gene therapy. Progress in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. 51 (1), pp. 49-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnmrs.2007.02.001

The application of in vivo MRI and MRS in phenomic studies of murine models of disease
So, P.W. and Bell, J.D. 2007. The application of in vivo MRI and MRS in phenomic studies of murine models of disease. in: Webb, G.A. (ed.) Modern magnetic resonance The Netherlands Springer. pp. 769-786

Exercise training reduces fatty acid availability and improves the insulin sensitivity of glucose metabolism
Shojaee-Moradie, F., Baynes, K.C.R., Pentecost, C., Bell, J.D., Thomas, E.L., Jackson, N.C., Stolinski, M., Whyte, M., Lovell, D., Bowes, S.B., Gibney, J., Jones, R.H. and Umpleby, A.M. 2007. Exercise training reduces fatty acid availability and improves the insulin sensitivity of glucose metabolism. Diabetologia. 50 (2), pp. 404-413. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-006-0498-7

Creatine supplements in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies who are clinically weak after conventional pharmacologic treatment: Six-month, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial
Chung, Y.L., Alexanderson, H., Pipitone, N., Morrison, C., Dastmalchi, M., Ståhl-Hallengren, C., Richards, S., Thomas, E.L., Hamilton, G., Bell, J.D., Lundberg, I.E. and Scott, D.L. 2007. Creatine supplements in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies who are clinically weak after conventional pharmacologic treatment: Six-month, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Arthritis & Rheumatism. 57 (4), pp. 694-702. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.22687

Pioglitazone added to conventional lipid lowering treatment in familial combined hyperlipidaemia improves parameters of metabolic control: relation to liver, muscle and regional body fat content
Thomas, E.L., Potter, E., Tosi, I., Fitzpatrick, J., Hamilton, G., Amber, V., Hughs, R., North, C., Holvoet, P., Seed, M., Betteridge, D.J., Bell, J.D. and Naoumova, R.P. 2007. Pioglitazone added to conventional lipid lowering treatment in familial combined hyperlipidaemia improves parameters of metabolic control: relation to liver, muscle and regional body fat content. Atherosclerosis. 195 (1), pp. e181-e190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.03.043

Manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) without compromise of the blood–brain barrier detects hypothalamic neuronal activity in vivo
Kuo, Y.T., Herlihy, A.H., So, P.W. and Bell, J.D. 2006. Manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) without compromise of the blood–brain barrier detects hypothalamic neuronal activity in vivo. NMR in Biomedicine. 19 (8), pp. 1028-1034. https://doi.org/10.1002/nbm.1070

Differential hypothalamic neuronal activation following peripheral injection of GLP-1 and oxyntomodulin in mice detected by manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging
Chaudhri, O.B., Parkinson, J.R.C., Kuo, Y.T., Druce, M.R., Herlihy, A.H., Bell, J.D., Dhillo, W.S., Stanley, S.A., Ghatei, M.A. and Bloom, S.R. 2006. Differential hypothalamic neuronal activation following peripheral injection of GLP-1 and oxyntomodulin in mice detected by manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 350 (2), pp. 298-306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.09.033

Are ethnic differences in body composition present at birth?
McEwan, Peter, Uthaya, Sabita, Thomas, E. Louise, Bell, Jimmy and Modi, Neena 2006. Are ethnic differences in body composition present at birth? Early Human Development. 82 (9), p. 618. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2006.05.002

Effect of nutritional counselling on hepatic, muscle and adipose tissue fat content and distribution in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Thomas, E.L., Brynes, A.E., Hamilton, G., Patel, N., Spong, A., Goldin, R.D., Frost, G.S., Bell, J.D. and Taylor-Robinson, S.D. 2006. Effect of nutritional counselling on hepatic, muscle and adipose tissue fat content and distribution in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. World Journal of Gastroenterology. 12 (36), pp. 5813-5819. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v12.i36.5813

Intra-cellular fat accumulation: mechanisms and implications for health
Thomas, E.L. and Bell, J.D. 2006. Intra-cellular fat accumulation: mechanisms and implications for health. International Journal of Body Composition Research. 4 (1), pp. 27-37.

MAGfect: a novel liposome formulation for MRI labelling and visualization of cells
Oliver, M.H., Ahmad, A., Kamaly, N., Perouzel, E., Caussin, A., Keller, M., Herlihy, A.H., Bell, J.D., Miller, A.D. and Jorgensen, M.R. 2006. MAGfect: a novel liposome formulation for MRI labelling and visualization of cells. Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry. 4 (18), pp. 3489-3497. https://doi.org/10.1039/B605394G

Determinants of adiposity during preweaning postnatal growth in appropriately grown and growth-restricted term infants
Modi, N., Thomas, E.L., Harrington, T.A.M., Uthaya, S.N., Doré, C.J. and Bell, J.D. 2006. Determinants of adiposity during preweaning postnatal growth in appropriately grown and growth-restricted term infants. Pediatric Research. 60 (3), pp. 345-348. https://doi.org/10.1203/01.pdr.0000232732.93000.52

Critical role for peptide YY in protein-mediated satiation and body-weight regulation
Batterham, R.L., Heffron, H., Kapoor, S., Chivers, J.E., Chandarana, K., Herzog, H., le Roux, C.W., Thomas, E.L., Bell, J.D. and Withers, D.J. 2006. Critical role for peptide YY in protein-mediated satiation and body-weight regulation. Cell Metabolism. 4 (3), pp. 223-233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2006.08.001

Muscle metabolites, detected in urine by proton spectroscopy, correlate with disease damage in juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathies
Chung, Y.L., Rider, L.G., Bell, J.D., Summers, R.M., Zemel, L.S., Rennebohm, R.M., Passo, M.H., Hicks, J., Miller, F.W. and Scott, D.L. 2005. Muscle metabolites, detected in urine by proton spectroscopy, correlate with disease damage in juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Arthritis & Rheumatology. 53 (4), pp. 565-570. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.21331

Generic method for imaging transgene expression
So, P.W., Hotee, S., Herlihy, A.H. and Bell, J.D. 2005. Generic method for imaging transgene expression. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. 54 (1), pp. 218-221. https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.20522

Adiposity induced by adenovirus 5 inoculation
So, P.W., Herlihy, A.H. and Bell, J.D. 2005. Adiposity induced by adenovirus 5 inoculation. International Journal of Obesity. 29 (6), pp. 603-606. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0802917

In vivo measurements of T1 relaxation times in mouse brain associated with different modes of systemic administration of manganese chloride
Kuo, Y.T., Herlihy, A.H., So, P.W., Bhakoo, K.K. and Bell, J.D. 2005. In vivo measurements of T1 relaxation times in mouse brain associated with different modes of systemic administration of manganese chloride. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging. 21 (4), pp. 334-339. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.20285

The role of insulin receptor substrate 2 in hypothalamic and β cell function
Choudhury, A.I., Heffron, H., Smith, M.A., Al-Qassab, H., Xu, A.W., Selman, C., Simmgen, M., Clements, M., Claret, M., MacColl, G., Bedford, D.C., Hisadome, K., Diakonov, I., Moosajee, V., Bell, J.D., Speakman, J.R., Batterham, R.L., Barsh, G.S., Ashford, M.L.J. and Withers, D.J. 2005. The role of insulin receptor substrate 2 in hypothalamic and β cell function. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 115 (4), pp. 940-950. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI24445

Phosphorus-31 brain MR spectroscopy in women during and after pregnancy compared with nonpregnant control subjects
Holdcroft, A., Hall, L., Hamilton, G., Counsell, S.J., Bydder, G.M. and Bell, J.D. 2005. Phosphorus-31 brain MR spectroscopy in women during and after pregnancy compared with nonpregnant control subjects. American Journal of Neuroradiology. 26 (2), pp. 352-356.

Veganism and its relationship with insulin resistance and intramyocellular lipid
Goff, L.M., Bell, J.D., So, P.W., Dornhorst, A. and Frost, G.S. 2005. Veganism and its relationship with insulin resistance and intramyocellular lipid. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 59 (2), pp. 291-298. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602076

Preterm infants at term show increased intrahepatocellular lipid content on proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Uthaya, S., Thomas, E.L., Hamilton, G, Bell, J.D. and Modi, N. 2005. Preterm infants at term show increased intrahepatocellular lipid content on proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Pediatric Research. 58 (2), p. 420. https://doi.org/10.1203/00006450-200508000-00412

Hepatic triglyceride content and its relation to body adiposity: a magnetic resonance imaging and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study
Thomas, E.L., Hamilton, G., Patel, N., O'Dwyer, R., Doré, C.J., Goldin, R.D., Bell, J.D. and Taylor-Robinson, S.D. 2005. Hepatic triglyceride content and its relation to body adiposity: a magnetic resonance imaging and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Gut. 54 (1), pp. 122-127. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.2003.036566

Altered adiposity after extremely preterm birth
Uthaya, S.N., Thomas, E.L., Hamilton, G., Doré, C.J., Bell, J.D. and Modi, N. 2005. Altered adiposity after extremely preterm birth. Pediatric Research. 57 (2), pp. 211-215. https://doi.org/10.1203/01.PDR.0000148284.58934.1C

Excess visceral and hepatic adipose tissue in Turner syndrome determined by magnetic resonance imaging: estrogen deficiency associated with hepatic adipose content
Ostberg, J.E., Thomas, E.L., Hamilton, G., Attar, M.J.H., Bell, J.D. and Conway, G.S. 2005. Excess visceral and hepatic adipose tissue in Turner syndrome determined by magnetic resonance imaging: estrogen deficiency associated with hepatic adipose content. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 90 (5), pp. 2631-2635. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2004-1939

Contrast enhancement of short T2 tissues using ultrashort TE (UTE) pulse sequences
Robson, M.D., Gatehouse, P.D., So, P.W., Bell, J.D. and Bydder, G.M. 2004. Contrast enhancement of short T2 tissues using ultrashort TE (UTE) pulse sequences. Clinical Radiology. 59 (8), pp. 720-726. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crad.2003.09.025

Determinants of altered adipose tissue deposition in preterm infants at term
Uthaya, S., Thomas, E.L., Bell, J.D. and Modi, N. 2004. Determinants of altered adipose tissue deposition in preterm infants at term. Pediatric Research. 56, p. 507. https://doi.org/10.1203/00006450-200409000-00281

The effect of long term exercise on intrahepatic lipid and the insulin sensitivity of glucose and fatty acid metabolism in sedentary male subjects
Shojaee-Moradie, F., Baynes, K., Pentecost, C., Bell, J.D., Thomas, E.L., Jackson, N.C., Jackson, N.C., Stolinski, M., Whyte, M., Jones, R.H. and Umpleby, A.M. 2004. The effect of long term exercise on intrahepatic lipid and the insulin sensitivity of glucose and fatty acid metabolism in sedentary male subjects. Diabetologia. 47 (Supplement 1), p. A245. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03375463

Adipose tissue magnetic resonance imaging in the newborn
Uthaya, S.N., Bell, J.D. and Modi, N. 2004. Adipose tissue magnetic resonance imaging in the newborn. Hormone Research. 62 (sup.3), pp. 143-148.

Nuclear receptor corepressor RIP140 regulates fat accumulation
Leonardsson, G., Steel, J.H., Christian, M., Pocock, V., Milligan, S., Bell, J.D., So, P.W., Medina-Gomez, G., Vidal-Puig, A., White, R. and Parker, M.G. 2004. Nuclear receptor corepressor RIP140 regulates fat accumulation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 101 (22), pp. 8437-8442. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0401013101

The application of magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy to gene therapy
Bhakoo, K.K., Bell, J.D., Cox, I.J. and Taylor-Robinson, S.D. 2004. The application of magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy to gene therapy. in: Ashkenazi, A., Wells, J.A. and Yuan, J. (ed.) Methods in enzymology Elsevier.

Distribution of adipose tissue in the newborn
Harrington, T.A.M., Thomas, E.L., Modi, N., Frost, G.S. and Bell, J.D. 2004. Distribution of adipose tissue in the newborn. Pediatric Research. 55 (3), pp. 437-441. https://doi.org/10.1203/01.PDR.0000111202.29433.2D

Familial partial lipodystrophy associated with compound heterozygosity for novel mutations in the LMNA gene
Savage, D.B., McFarlane, I.A., Barroso, I., Soos, M.A., Powlson, A., Thomas, E.L., Bell, J.D., Scobie, I., Belchetz, P.E., Kelly, W.F., Halsall, D.J., Schafer, A.J. and O’Rahilly, S. 2004. Familial partial lipodystrophy associated with compound heterozygosity for novel mutations in the LMNA gene. Diabetologia. 47 (4), pp. 753-756. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-004-1360-4

Elevated fasting plasma ghrelin in Prader-Willi Syndrome adults is not solely explained by their reduced visceral adiposity and insulin resistance
Goldstone, A.P., Thomas, E.L., Brynes, A.E., Castroman, G., Edwards, R., Ghatei, M.A., Frost, G.S., Holland, A., Grossman, A.B., Korbonits, M., Bloom, S.R. and Bell, J.D. 2004. Elevated fasting plasma ghrelin in Prader-Willi Syndrome adults is not solely explained by their reduced visceral adiposity and insulin resistance. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 89 (4), pp. 1718-1726. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2003-031118

N-acetyl aspartate estimation: a potential method for determining neuronal loss in the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies
Chung, Y.L., Barr, J., Bhakoo, K.K., Williams, S.C.R., Bell, J.D. and Fraser, J.R. 2003. N-acetyl aspartate estimation: a potential method for determining neuronal loss in the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology. 29 (5), pp. 445-450. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2990.2003.00438.x

Urinary levels of creatine and other metabolites in the assessment of polymyositis and dermatomyositis
Chung, Y.L., Wassif, W.S., Bell, J.D., Hurley, M. and Scott, D.L. 2003. Urinary levels of creatine and other metabolites in the assessment of polymyositis and dermatomyositis. Rheumatology. 42 (2), pp. 298-303. https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/keg084

Altered deposition of adipose tissue after extremely preterm birth
Uthaya, S., Thomas, E.L., Harrington, T.A.M., Bell, J.D. and Modi, N. 2003. Altered deposition of adipose tissue after extremely preterm birth. Pediatric Research. 54 (4), p. 570.

Hypothalamic neuropeptides and regulation of fat mass in Prader-Willi syndrome
Goldstone, A.P., Unmehopa, U.A., Thomas, E.L., Brynes, A.E., Bell, J.D., Frost, G.S., Ghatei, M.A., Holland, A., Bloom, S.R. and Swaab, D.F. 2003. Hypothalamic neuropeptides and regulation of fat mass in Prader-Willi syndrome. in: Eiholzer, U., l’Allemand, D. and Zipf, W.B. (ed.) Prader-Willi syndrome as a model for obesity: international symposium, Zurich, October 18-19, 2002 Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. pp. 31-43

Influence of undersampling on magnetic resonance imaging measurements of intra-abdominal adipose tissue
Thomas, E.L. and Bell, J.D. 2003. Influence of undersampling on magnetic resonance imaging measurements of intra-abdominal adipose tissue. International Journal of Obesity. 27 (2), pp. 211-218. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.802229

Carbohydrate-induced manipulation of insulin sensitivity independently of intramyocellular lipids
Goff, L.M., Frost, G.S., Hamilton, G., Thomas, E.L., Dhillo, W.S., Dornhorst, A. and Bell, J.D. 2003. Carbohydrate-induced manipulation of insulin sensitivity independently of intramyocellular lipids. British Journal of Nutrition. 89 (3), pp. 365-375. https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN2002789

Human metabolic syndrome resulting from dominant-negative mutations in the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ
Savage, D.B., Tan, G.D., Acerini, C.L., Jebb, S.A., Agostini, M., Gurnell, M., Williams, R.L., Umpleby, A.M., Thomas, E.L., Bell, J.D., Dixon, A.K., Dunne, F., Boiani, R., Cinti, S., Vidal-Puig, A., Karpe, F., Chatterjee, V.K.K. and O'Rahilly, S. 2003. Human metabolic syndrome resulting from dominant-negative mutations in the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ. Diabetes. 52 (4), p. 910. https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.52.4.910

Fast and reproducible method for the direct quantitation of adipose tissue in newborn infants
Harrington, T.A.M., Thomas, E.L., Modi, N., Frost, G.S., Coutts, G.A. and Bell, J.D. 2002. Fast and reproducible method for the direct quantitation of adipose tissue in newborn infants. Lipids. 37 (1), pp. 95-100. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-002-0868-4

Resting metabolic rate, plasma leptin concentrations, leptin receptor expression, and adipose tissue measured by whole-body magnetic resonance imaging in women with Prader-Willi syndrome
Goldstone, A.P., Brynes, A.E., Thomas, E.L., Bell, J.D., Frost, G.S., Holland, A., Ghatei, M.A. and Bloom, S.R. 2002. Resting metabolic rate, plasma leptin concentrations, leptin receptor expression, and adipose tissue measured by whole-body magnetic resonance imaging in women with Prader-Willi syndrome. American Journal of Clinical Nutition. 75 (3), pp. 468-475. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/75.3.468

Letter: Digenic inheritance of severe insulin resistance in a human pedigree
Savage, D.B., Agostini, M., Barroso, I., Gurnell, M., Luan, J.A., Meirhaeghe, A., Harding, A.H., Ihrke, G., Rajanayagam, O., Soos, M.A., George, S., Birger, D., Thomas, E.L., Bell, J.D., Meera, K., Ross, R.J., Vidal-Puig, A., Wareham, N.J., O'Rahilly, S., Chatterjee, V.K.K. and Schafer, A.J. 2002. Letter: Digenic inheritance of severe insulin resistance in a human pedigree. Nature Genetics. 31 (4), pp. 379-384. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng926

Evidence for altered hepatic gluconeogenesis in patients with cirrhosis using in vivo 31-phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Changani, K.K., Jalan, R., Cox, I.J., Ala-Korpela, M., Bhakoo, K.K., Taylor-Robinson, S.D. and Bell, J.D. 2001. Evidence for altered hepatic gluconeogenesis in patients with cirrhosis using in vivo 31-phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Gut. 49 (4), pp. 557-564. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.49.4.557

Visceral adipose tissue and metabolic complications of obesity are reduced in Prader-Willi syndrome female adults: evidence for novel influences on body fat distribution
Goldstone, A.P., Thomas, E.L., Brynes, A.E., Bell, J.D., Frost, G.S., Saeed, N., Hajnal, J.V., Howard, J.K., Holland, A. and Bloom, S.R. 2001. Visceral adipose tissue and metabolic complications of obesity are reduced in Prader-Willi syndrome female adults: evidence for novel influences on body fat distribution. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 86 (9), pp. 4330-4338. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.86.9.4330

Investigation of human low-density lipoprotein by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy:  mobility of phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin headgroups characterizes the surface layer
Murphy, H.C., Burns, S.P., White, J.J., Bell, J.D. and Iles, R.A. 2000. Investigation of human low-density lipoprotein by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy:  mobility of phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin headgroups characterizes the surface layer. Biochemistry. 39 (32), pp. 9763-9770. https://doi.org/10.1021/bi0000115

Bioenergetic targeting during organ preservation: 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy investigations into the use of fructose to sustain hepatic ATP turnover during cold hypoxia in porcine livers
Changani, K.K., Fuller, B.J., Bell, J.D., Taylor-Robinson, S.D. and Davidson, B.R. 2000. Bioenergetic targeting during organ preservation: 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy investigations into the use of fructose to sustain hepatic ATP turnover during cold hypoxia in porcine livers. Cryobiology. 41 (1), pp. 72-87. https://doi.org/10.1006/cryo.2000.2268

Assessing gene expression in vivo: magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy
Bell, J.D. and Taylor-Robinson, S.D. 2000. Assessing gene expression in vivo: magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy. Gene Therapy. 7 (15), pp. 1259-1264.

Increased availability of central benzodiazepine receptors in patients with chronic hepatic encephalopathy and alcohol related cirrhosis
Jalan, R., Turjanski, N., Taylor-Robinson, S.D., Koepp, M.J., Richardson, M.P., Wilson, J.A., Bell, J.D. and Brooks, D.J. 2000. Increased availability of central benzodiazepine receptors in patients with chronic hepatic encephalopathy and alcohol related cirrhosis. Gut. 46 (4), pp. 546-552. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.46.4.546

Cortical dysfunction in non-demented Parkinson's disease patients: A combined 31P-MRS and 18FDG-PET study
Hu, M.T.M., Taylor-Robinson, S.D., Chaudhuri, K.R., Bell, J.D., Labbé, C., Cunningham, V.J., Koepp, M.J., Hammers, A., Morris, R.G., Turjanski, N. and Brooks, D.J. 2000. Cortical dysfunction in non-demented Parkinson's disease patients: A combined 31P-MRS and 18FDG-PET study. Brain. 123 (2), pp. 340-352. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/123.2.340

Preferential loss of visceral fat following aerobic exercise, measured by magnetic resonance imaging
Thomas, E.L., Brynes, A.E., McCarthy, J., Goldstone, A.P., Hajnal, J.V., Saeed, N., Frost, G.S. and Bell, J.D. 2000. Preferential loss of visceral fat following aerobic exercise, measured by magnetic resonance imaging. Lipids. 35 (7), pp. 769-776. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-000-0584-0

In vivo evaluation of the effects of continuous exercise on skeletal muscle triglycerides in trained humans
Rico-Sanz, J., Moosavi, M., Thomas, E.L., McCarthy, J., Coutts, G.A., Saeed, N. and Bell, J.D. 2000. In vivo evaluation of the effects of continuous exercise on skeletal muscle triglycerides in trained humans. Lipids. 35 (12), pp. 1313-1315. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-000-0647-2

Conflicting MRI signals from gliosis and neuronal vacuolation in prion diseases
Chung, Y.L., Williams, A., Ritchie, D., Williams, S.C.R., Changani, K.K., Hope, J. and Bell, J.D. 1999. Conflicting MRI signals from gliosis and neuronal vacuolation in prion diseases. NeuroReport. 10 (17), pp. 3471-3477.

Cerebral proton and phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with subclinical hepatic encephalopathy
Taylor-Robinson, S.D., Buckley, C., Changani, K.K., Hodgson, H.J.F. and Bell, J.D. 1999. Cerebral proton and phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with subclinical hepatic encephalopathy. Liver. 19 (5), pp. 389-398. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-3231.1999.tb00067.x

Improved preservation solutions for organ storage: a dynamic study of hepatic metabolism
Changani, K.K., Fuller, B.J., Bell, J.D., Taylor-Robinson, S.D., Moore, D.P. and Davidson, B.R. 1999. Improved preservation solutions for organ storage: a dynamic study of hepatic metabolism. Transplantation. 68 (3), pp. 345-355.

Evidence for cortical dysfunction in clinically non-demented patients with Parkinson’s disease: a proton MR spectroscopy study
Hu, M.T.M., Taylor-Robinson, S.D., Chaudhuri, K.R., Bell, J.D., Morris, R.G., Clough, C., Brooks, D.J. and Turjanski, N. 1999. Evidence for cortical dysfunction in clinically non-demented patients with Parkinson’s disease: a proton MR spectroscopy study. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry. 67 (1), pp. 20-26. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.67.1.20

Brain bioenergetics in murine models of scrapie using in vivo 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Chung, Y.L., Williams, S.C.R., Hope, J. and Bell, J.D. 1999. Brain bioenergetics in murine models of scrapie using in vivo 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy. NeuroReport. 10 (9), pp. 1899-1901.

Incorporation of metabolite prior knowledge for data analysis: biochemical implications of dynamic 31P NMR ex vivo pig liver studies
Changani, K.K., Ala-Korpela, M., Fuller, B.J., Mierisová, Ŝ., Bryant, D.J., Taylor-Robinson, S.D., Davidson, B.R. and Bell, J.D. 1999. Incorporation of metabolite prior knowledge for data analysis: biochemical implications of dynamic 31P NMR ex vivo pig liver studies. NMR in Biomedicine. 12 (4), pp. 197-204. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1492(199906)12:4<197::AID-NBM561>3.0.CO;2-9

Relation between proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy within 18 hours of birth asphyxia and neurodevelopment at 1 year of age
Hanrahan, J.D., Cox, I.J., Azzopardi, D., Cowan, F.M., Sargentoni, J., Bell, J.D., Bryant, D.J. and Edwards, A.D. 1999. Relation between proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy within 18 hours of birth asphyxia and neurodevelopment at 1 year of age. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology. 41 (2), pp. 76-82. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.1999.tb00558.x

Body fat metabolism: observation by MR imaging and spectroscopy
Thomas, E.L. and Bell, J.D. 1999. Body fat metabolism: observation by MR imaging and spectroscopy. in: Young, I.R. (ed.) Magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy in medicine and biology Wiley.

Diversity in levels of intracellular total creatine and triglycerides in human skeletal muscles observed by 1H-MRS
Rico-Sanz, J., Thomas, E.L., Jenkinson, G., Mierisová, Ŝ., Iles, R.A. and Bell, J.D. 1999. Diversity in levels of intracellular total creatine and triglycerides in human skeletal muscles observed by 1H-MRS. Journal of Applied Physiology. 87 (6), pp. 2068-2072. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1999.87.6.2068

Magnetic resonance: in-vivo NMR, applications – other nuclei
Bell, J.D., Thomas, E.L. and Changani, K.K. 1999. Magnetic resonance: in-vivo NMR, applications – other nuclei. in: Lindon, J. (ed.) Encyclopedia of spectroscopy and spectrometry London Academic Press.

Angiotensin-converting-enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphism and response to physical training
Montgomery, H., Clarkson, P., Barnard, M.L., Bell, J.D., Brynes, A.E., Hajnal, J.V., Hemingway, H., Mercer, D., Jarman, P., Marshall, R., Prasad, K., Rayson, M., Saeed, N., Thomas, E.L., Jubb, M., World, M., Dollery, C., Talmud, P. and Humphries, S.E. 1999. Angiotensin-converting-enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphism and response to physical training. The Lancet. 353 (9152), pp. 541-545. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(98)07131-1

Relation of triglyceride stores in skeletal muscle cells to central obesity and insulin sensitivity in European and South Asian men
Forouhi, N.G., Jenkinson, G., Thomas, E.L., Mullick, S., Mierisová, Ŝ., Bhonsle, U., McKeigue, P.M. and Bell, J.D. 1999. Relation of triglyceride stores in skeletal muscle cells to central obesity and insulin sensitivity in European and South Asian men. Diabetologia. 42 (8), pp. 932-935. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001250051250

Metabolic changes underlying 31P MR spectral alterations in human hepatic tumours
Bell, J.D. and Bhakoo, K.K. 1998. Metabolic changes underlying 31P MR spectral alterations in human hepatic tumours. NMR in Biomedicine. 11 (7), pp. 354-359. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1492(1998110)11:7<354::AID-NBM515>3.0.CO;2-N

Evaluation of the stability of the proton chemical shifts of some metabolites other than water during thermal cycling of normal human muscle tissue
Young, I.R., Bell, J.D., Hajnal, J.V., Jenkinson, G. and Ling, J. 1998. Evaluation of the stability of the proton chemical shifts of some metabolites other than water during thermal cycling of normal human muscle tissue. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging. 8 (5), pp. 1114-1118. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.1880080517

Persistent increase in cerebral lactate concentration after birth asphyxia
Hanrahan, J.D., Cox, I.J., Edwards, A.D., Cowan, F.M., Sargentoni, J., Bell, J.D., Bryant, D.J., Rutherford, M.A. and Azzopardi, D. 1998. Persistent increase in cerebral lactate concentration after birth asphyxia. Pediatric Research. 44 (3), pp. 304-311. https://doi.org/10.1203/00006450-199809000-00007

Non-invasive metabolic assessment of human donor livers: metabolite assignment in 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Changani, K.K., Taylor-Robinson, S.D., Bell, J.D., Fuller, B.J. and Davidson, B.R. 1998. Non-invasive metabolic assessment of human donor livers: metabolite assignment in 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Transplantation. 65 (11), pp. 1526-1527.

13C-Glycogen deposition during pregnancy in the rat following routine meal feeding
Changani, K.K., Bell, J.D. and Iles, R.A. 1998. 13C-Glycogen deposition during pregnancy in the rat following routine meal feeding. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta: general subjects. 1380 (2), pp. 198-208. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4165(97)00140-2

In vivo and in vitro hepatic phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy and electron microscopy in chronic ductopenic rejection of human liver allografts
Taylor-Robinson, S.D., Sargentoni, J., Bell, J.D., Thomas, E.L., Marcus, C.D., Changani, K.K., Saeed, N., Hodgson, H., Davidson, B.R., Burroughs, A.K., Rolles, K., Foster, C.S. and Cox, I.J. 1998. In vivo and in vitro hepatic phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy and electron microscopy in chronic ductopenic rejection of human liver allografts. Gut. 42 (5), pp. 735-43. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.42.5.735

Magnetic resonance imaging of total body fat
Thomas, E.L., Saeed, N., Hajnal, J.V., Brynes, A.E., Goldstone, A.P., Frost, G.S. and Bell, J.D. 1998. Magnetic resonance imaging of total body fat. Journal of Applied Physiology. 85 (5), pp. 1778-1785.

A comparison of ATP recovery or phosphomonoester/inorganic phosphate ratio to assess metabolic activity in liver at hypothermia: a 31P NMR study
Changani, K.K., Davidson, B.R., Bell, J.D., Taylor-Robinson, S.D. and Fuller, B.J. 1998. A comparison of ATP recovery or phosphomonoester/inorganic phosphate ratio to assess metabolic activity in liver at hypothermia: a 31P NMR study. CryoLetters. 19, pp. 183-188.

Enhanced energy metabolism at hypothermia following addition of a prostacyclin derivative in porcine liver
Changani, K.K., Davidson, B.R., Bell, J.D., Taylor-Robinson, S.D. and Fuller, B.J. 1998. Enhanced energy metabolism at hypothermia following addition of a prostacyclin derivative in porcine liver. CryoLetters. 19, pp. 131-140.

Depression of liver mitochondrial complex II-linked respiration following cooling: beneficial effects of using a prostacyclin analogue during hypothermia
Changani, K.K., Bell, J.D., Brooks, K.J., Fuller, B.J., Taylor-Robinson, S.D., Davidson, B.R., Brookes, P.S. and Bates, T.E. 1998. Depression of liver mitochondrial complex II-linked respiration following cooling: beneficial effects of using a prostacyclin analogue during hypothermia. CryoLetters. 19, pp. 71-78.

Human gene for physical performance
Montgomery, H., Marshall, R., Hemingway, H., Myerson, S., Clarkson, P., Dollery, C., Hayward, M., Holliman, D.E., Jubb, M., World, M., Thomas, E.L., Brynes, A.E., Saeed, N., Barnard, M.L., Bell, J.D., Prasad, K., Rayson, M., Talmud, P. and Humphries, S.E. 1998. Human gene for physical performance. Nature. 393 (6682), pp. 221-222. https://doi.org/10.1038/30374

Intracellular and extracellular skeletal muscle triglyceride metabolism during alternating intensity exercise in humans
Rico-Sanz, J., Hajnal, J.V., Thomas, E.L., Mierisová, Ŝ., Ala-Korpela, M. and Bell, J.D. 1998. Intracellular and extracellular skeletal muscle triglyceride metabolism during alternating intensity exercise in humans. Journal of Physiology. 510 (2), pp. 615-622. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7793.1998.615bk.x

Critical assessment of in vivo13C NMR spectroscopy and gas–liquid chromatography in the study of adipose tissue composition
Thomas, E.L., Cunnane, S.C. and Bell, J.D. 1998. Critical assessment of in vivo13C NMR spectroscopy and gas–liquid chromatography in the study of adipose tissue composition. NMR in Biomedicine. 11 (6), pp. 290-296. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1492(199810)11:6<290::AID-NBM524>3.0.CO;2-N

Assessment of quantitative artificial neural network analysis in a metabolically dynamic ex vivo31p NMR pig liver study
Ala-Korpela, M., Changani, K.K., Hiltunen, Y., Bell, J.D., Fuller, B.J., Bryant, D.J., Taylor-Robinson, S.D. and Davidson, B.R. 1997. Assessment of quantitative artificial neural network analysis in a metabolically dynamic ex vivo31p NMR pig liver study. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. 38 (5), pp. 840-844. https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.1910380522

In vivo and in vitro hepatic 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy and electron microscopy of the cirrhotic liver
Taylor-Robinson, S.D., Sargentoni, J., Bell, J.D., Saeed, N., Changani, K.K., Davidson, B.R., Rolles, K., Burroughs, A.K., Hodgson, H.J.F., Foster, C.S. and Cox, I.J. 1997. In vivo and in vitro hepatic 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy and electron microscopy of the cirrhotic liver. Liver. 17 (4), pp. 198-209. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0676.1997.tb00806.x

Evidence for distinct behaviour of phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin at the low density lipoprotein surface
Murphy, H.C., Ala-Korpela, M., White, J.J., Raoof, A., Bell, J.D., Barnard, M.L., Burns, S.P. and Iles, R.A. 1997. Evidence for distinct behaviour of phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin at the low density lipoprotein surface. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 234 (3), pp. 733-737. https://doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.1997.6634

Non-invasive assessment of ATP regeneration potential of the preserved donor liver
Changani, K.K., Fuller, B.J., Bryant, D.J., Bell, J.D., Ala-Korpela, M., Taylor-Robinson, S.D., Moore, D.P. and Davidson, B.R. 1997. Non-invasive assessment of ATP regeneration potential of the preserved donor liver. Journal of Hepatology. 26 (2), pp. 336-342. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-8278(97)80050-5

The application of NMR spectroscopy to the study of apoptosis
Bhakoo, K.K. and Bell, J.D. 1997. The application of NMR spectroscopy to the study of apoptosis. Cellular and Molecular Biology. 43 (5), pp. 621-629.

Changes in adipose tissue composition in malnourished patients before and after liver transplantation: A carbon-13 magnetic resonance spectroscopy and gas-liquid chromatography study
Thomas, E.L., Taylor-Robinson, S.D., Barnard, M.L., Frost, G.S., Sargentoni, J., Davidson, B.R., Cunnane, S.C. and Bell, J.D. 1997. Changes in adipose tissue composition in malnourished patients before and after liver transplantation: A carbon-13 magnetic resonance spectroscopy and gas-liquid chromatography study. Hepatology. 25 (1), pp. 178-183. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.510250133

Noninvasive characterization of neonatal adipose tissue by 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Thomas, E.L., Hanrahan, J.D., Ala-Korpela, M., Jenkinson, G., Azzopardi, D., Iles, R.A. and Bell, J.D. 1997. Noninvasive characterization of neonatal adipose tissue by 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Lipids. 32 (6), pp. 645-651. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-997-0082-4

In vivo assessment of metabolic perturbations following alanine and glucagon administration using 31P-MRS in the rat
Changani, K.K., Barnard, M.L., Bell, J.D., Thomas, E.L., Williams, S.C.R., Bloom, S.R. and Iles, R.A. 1997. In vivo assessment of metabolic perturbations following alanine and glucagon administration using 31P-MRS in the rat. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta: general subjects. 1335 (3), pp. 290-304. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4165(96)00148-1

Metabolic changes associated with vacuolation in murine models of scrapie using in vitro 1H-NMR spectroscopy
Chung, Y.L., Williams, A., Chong, A., Hope, J., Williams, S.C.R. and Bell, J.D. 1996. Metabolic changes associated with vacuolation in murine models of scrapie using in vitro 1H-NMR spectroscopy. NMR in Biomedicine. 9 (8), pp. 359-363. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1492(199612)9:8<359::AID-NBM428>3.0.CO;2-D

Hepatic nucleotide triphosphate regeneration following a period of brief hypothermic reperfusion in the pig model: an in vitro 31P-NMR study
Changani, K.K., Fuller, B.J., Bell, J.D., Bryant, D.J., Moore, D.P., Taylor-Robinson, S.D. and Davidson, B.R. 1996. Hepatic nucleotide triphosphate regeneration following a period of brief hypothermic reperfusion in the pig model: an in vitro 31P-NMR study. Transplantation. 62 (6), pp. 787-793.

Characterisation of secondary metabolites associated with neutrophil apoptosis
Nunn, A.V.W., Barnard, M.L., Bhakoo, K.K., Murray, J., Chilvers, E.J. and Bell, J.D. 1996. Characterisation of secondary metabolites associated with neutrophil apoptosis. FEBS Letters. 392 (3), pp. 295-298. https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-5793(96)00839-3

Cerebral metabolism within 18 hours of birth asphyxia: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study
Hanrahan, J.D., Sargentoni, J., Azzopardi, D., Manji, K., Cowan, F.M., Rutherford, M.A., Cox, I.J., Bell, J.D., Bryant, D.J. and Edwards, A.D. 1996. Cerebral metabolism within 18 hours of birth asphyxia: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Paediatric Research. 39 (4), pp. 584-590. https://doi.org/10.1203/00006450-199604000-00004

Hepatic phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy in primary biliary cirrhosis and its relation to prognostic models
Jalan, R., Sargentoni, J., Coutts, G.A., Bell, J.D., Rolles, K., Burroughs, A.K. and Taylor-Robinson, S.D. 1996. Hepatic phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy in primary biliary cirrhosis and its relation to prognostic models. Gut. 39 (1), pp. 141-146. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.39.1.141

Body fluid spectroscopic studies
Bell, J.D. and Sadler, P.J. 1996. Body fluid spectroscopic studies. in: Grant, D.M. and Harris, R.K. (ed.) Encyclopedia of nuclear magnetic resonance Chichester Wiley.

Dietary changes: observation by NMR spectroscopy
Bell, J.D. and Barnard, M.L. 1996. Dietary changes: observation by NMR spectroscopy. in: Grant, D.M. and Harris, R.K. (ed.) Encyclopedia of nuclear magnetic resonance Chichester Wiley.

Artificial neural network analysis of 1H NMR spectroscopic data from human plasma
Ala-Korpela, M., Hiltunen, Y. and Bell, J.D. 1996. Artificial neural network analysis of 1H NMR spectroscopic data from human plasma. Anticancer Research. 16 (3B), pp. 1473-1478.

An in vivo 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopic study of the relationship between diet and adipose tissue composition
Thomas, E.L., Frost, G.S., Barnard, M.L., Bryant, D.J., Taylor-Robinson, S.D., Simbrunner, J., Coutts, G.A., Burl, M., Bloom, S.R., Sales, K.D. and Bell, J.D. 1996. An in vivo 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopic study of the relationship between diet and adipose tissue composition. Lipids. 31 (2), pp. 145-151. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02522613

Automated feature extraction for the classification of human in vivo13C NMR spectra using statistical pattern recognition and wavelets
Tate, A.R., Watson, D., Eglen, S., Arvanitis, T.N., Thomas, E.L. and Bell, J.D. 1996. Automated feature extraction for the classification of human in vivo13C NMR spectra using statistical pattern recognition and wavelets. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. 35 (6), pp. 834-840. https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.1910350608

Development of a rapid and efficient magnetic resonance imaging technique for analysis of body fat distribution
Barnard, M.L., Schwieso, J.E., Thomas, E.L., Bell, J.D., Saeed, N., Frost, G.S., Bloom, S.R. and Hajnal, J.V. 1996. Development of a rapid and efficient magnetic resonance imaging technique for analysis of body fat distribution. NMR in Biomedicine. 9 (4), pp. 156-164. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1492(199606)9:4<156::AID-NBM412>3.0.CO;2-B

Effects of n-3 fatty acids on the NMR profile of plasma lipoproteins
Bell, J.D., Barnard, M.L., Parkes, H.G., Thomas, E.L., Brennan, C.H., Cunnane, S.C. and Dagnelie, P.C. 1996. Effects of n-3 fatty acids on the NMR profile of plasma lipoproteins. The Journal of Lipid Research. 37 (8), pp. 1664-1674.

Cirrhosis of the human liver: an in vitro 31P nuclear magnetic resonance study
Taylor-Robinson, S.D., Thomas, E.L., Sargentoni, J., Marcus, C.D., Davidson, B.R. and Bell, J.D. 1995. Cirrhosis of the human liver: an in vitro 31P nuclear magnetic resonance study. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta: Molecular Basis of Disease. 1272 (2), pp. 113-118. https://doi.org/10.1016/0925-4439(95)00074-E

Quantification of biomedical NMR data using artificial neural network analysis: lipoprotein lipid profiles from 1H NMR data of human plasma
Ala-Korpela, M., Hiltunen, Y. and Bell, J.D. 1995. Quantification of biomedical NMR data using artificial neural network analysis: lipoprotein lipid profiles from 1H NMR data of human plasma. NMR in Biomedicine. 8 (6), pp. 235-244. https://doi.org/10.1002/nbm.1940080603

MRI assessment of the blood-brain barrier in a hamster model of scrapie
Chung, Y.L., Williams, A., Beech, J.S., Williams, S.C.R., Bell, J.D., Cox, I.J. and Hope, J. 1995. MRI assessment of the blood-brain barrier in a hamster model of scrapie. Neurodegeneration. 4 (2), pp. 203-207. https://doi.org/10.1006/neur.1995.0025

Effect of functional grade and etiology on in vivo hepatic phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy in cirrhosis: Biochemical basis of spectral appearances
Menon, D.K., Sargentoni, J., Taylor-Robinson, S.D., Bell, J.D., Cox, I.J., Bryant, D.J., Coutts, G.A., Rolles, K., Burroughs, A.K. and Morgan, M.Y. 1995. Effect of functional grade and etiology on in vivo hepatic phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy in cirrhosis: Biochemical basis of spectral appearances. Hepatology. 21 (2), pp. 417-427. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.1840210224

Cerebral 31P MRS in patients with chronic hepatic encephalopathy
Taylor-Robinson, S.D., Bell, J.D., Sargentoni, J., Bryant, D.J., Mallalieu, R.J. and Morgan, M.Y. 1995. Cerebral 31P MRS in patients with chronic hepatic encephalopathy. in: Capocaccia, L., Merli, M. and Riggio, O. (ed.) Advances in hepatic encephalopathy and metabolic nitrogen exchange Hants CRC Press.

Cerebral Phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with chronic hepatic encephalopathy
Taylor-Robinson, S.D., Sargentoni, J., Mallalieu, R.J., Bell, J.D., Bryant, D.J., Coutts, G.A. and Morgan, M.Y. 1994. Cerebral Phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with chronic hepatic encephalopathy. Hepatology. 20 (5), pp. 1173-1178. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.1840200511

Utilization of uniformly labeled 13C-polyunsaturated fatty acids in the synthesis of long-chain fatty acids and cholesterol accumulating in the neonatal rat brain
Cunnane, S.C., Williams, S.C.R., Bell, J.D., Brookes, S., Craig, K., Iles, R.A. and Crawford, M.A. 1994. Utilization of uniformly labeled 13C-polyunsaturated fatty acids in the synthesis of long-chain fatty acids and cholesterol accumulating in the neonatal rat brain. Journal of Neurochemistry. 62 (6), pp. 2429-2436. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1994.62062429.x

Effect of fish oil on cancer cachexia and host liver metabolism in rats with prostate tumours
Dagnelie, P.C., Bell, J.D., Williams, S.C.R., Bates, T.E., Abel, P.D. and Foster, C.S. 1994. Effect of fish oil on cancer cachexia and host liver metabolism in rats with prostate tumours. Lipids. 29 (3), pp. 195-203. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02536729

NMR studies of body fluids and tissue extracts
Bell, J.D., Preece, N.E. and Parkes, H.G. 1994. NMR studies of body fluids and tissue extracts. in: Gillies, R. (ed.) Nuclear magnetic resonance in physiology and biomedicine Oxford Pergamon.

In vivo fluorine-19 magnetic resonance spectroscopy of cerebral halothane in postoperative patients: preliminary results
Menon, D.K., Lockwood, G.G., Peden, C.J., Cox, I.J., Sargentoni, J., Bell, J.D., Coutts, G.A. and Whitwam, J.G. 1993. In vivo fluorine-19 magnetic resonance spectroscopy of cerebral halothane in postoperative patients: preliminary results. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. 30 (6), pp. 680-684. https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.1910300605

A 31P and 1H NMR investigation in vitro of normal and abnormal human liver
Bell, J.D., Cox, I.J., Sargentoni, J., Peden, C.J., Menon, D.K., Foster, C.S., Watanapa, P., Iles, R.A. and Urenjak, J. 1993. A 31P and 1H NMR investigation in vitro of normal and abnormal human liver. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta: Lipids and Lipid Metabolism. 1225 (1), pp. 71-77.

Altered phosphorylation status, phospholipid metabolism and gluconeogenesis in the host liver of rats with prostate cancer: a 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy study
Dagnelie, P.C., Bell, J.D., Williams, S.C.R., Bates, T.E., Abel, P.D. and Foster, C.S. 1993. Altered phosphorylation status, phospholipid metabolism and gluconeogenesis in the host liver of rats with prostate cancer: a 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. British Journal of Cancer. 67 (6), pp. 1303-1309. https://doi.org/10.1038/bjc.1993.242

The proton NMR spectrum in acute EAE: the significance of the change in the Cho:Cr ratio
Brenner, R.E., Munro, P.M.G., Williams, S.C.R., Bell, J.D., Barker, G.J., Landon, D.N., Hawkins, C.P. and McDonald, W.I. 1993. The proton NMR spectrum in acute EAE: the significance of the change in the Cho:Cr ratio. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. 29 (6), pp. 737-745. https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.1910290605

Effects of fish oil on phospholipid metabolism in human and rat liver studied by 31P NMR spectroscopy in vivo and in vitro
Dagnelie, P.C., Bell, J.D., Cox, I.J., Menon, D.K., Sargentoni, J., Coutts, G.A. and Williams, S.C.R. 1993. Effects of fish oil on phospholipid metabolism in human and rat liver studied by 31P NMR spectroscopy in vivo and in vitro. NMR in Biomedicine. 6 (2), pp. 157-162. https://doi.org/10.1002/nbm.1940060209

Potential of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for studies of N- fatty acid metabolism in plasma, liver and adipose tissues
Dagnelie, P.C., Bell, J.D., Barnard, M.L. and Williams, S.C.R. 1993. Potential of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for studies of N- fatty acid metabolism in plasma, liver and adipose tissues. in: Drevon, A., Baksaas, I. and Krokan, H.E. (ed.) Omega-3 fatty acids: metabolism and biological effects Basel, Switzerland Birkhauser Verlag. pp. 27-34

In vivo fatty acid analysis in humans and animals using carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Cunnane, S.C., Allman, T., Bell, J.D., Barnard, M.L., Coutts, G.A., Williams, S.C.R. and Iles, R.A. 1993. In vivo fatty acid analysis in humans and animals using carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Basic Life Sciences. 60, pp. 355-358. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1268-8_83

NMR: a clinical approach
Bell, J.D. and Sadler, P.J. 1993. NMR: a clinical approach. Chemistry in Britain. 29, pp. 597-600.

Detection of aluminium (III) binding to citrate in human blood plasma by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Bell, J.D., Kubal, G., Radulovic, S., Sadler, P.J. and Tucker, A. 1993. Detection of aluminium (III) binding to citrate in human blood plasma by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The Analyst. 118, pp. 241-244. https://doi.org/10.1039/AN9931800241

Phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the human liver using chemical shift imaging techniques
Cox, I.J., Menon, D.K., Sargentoni, J., Bryant, D.J., Collins, A.G., Coutts, G.A., Iles, R.A., Bell, J.D., Benjamin, I.S., Gilbey, S., Hodgson, H.J.F. and Morgan, M.Y. 1992. Phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the human liver using chemical shift imaging techniques. Journal of Hepatology. 14 (2-3), pp. 265-275. https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-8278(92)90169-P

Effect of l-alanine infusion on 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of normal human liver: towards biochemical pathology in vivo
Dagnelie, P.C., Menon, D.K., Cox, I.J., Bell, J.D., Sargentoni, J., Coutts, G.A., Urenjak, J. and Iles, R.A. 1992. Effect of l-alanine infusion on 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of normal human liver: towards biochemical pathology in vivo. Clinical Science: an international journal of translational science and medicine. 83, pp. 183-190. https://doi.org/10.1042/cs0830183

In vivo and in vitro31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy of focal hepatic malignancies
Cox, I.J., Bell, J.D., Peden, C.J., Iles, R.A., Foster, C.S., Watanapa, P. and Williamson, R.C.N. 1992. In vivo and in vitro31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy of focal hepatic malignancies. NMR in Biomedicine. 5 (3), pp. 114-120. https://doi.org/10.1002/nbm.1940050303

MRS characterisation of tissue and body fluids
Bell, J.D. 1992. MRS characterisation of tissue and body fluids. in: Textbook of magnetic resonance spectroscopy in biology and medicine: functional and pathological tissue characterisation Oxford Pergamon.

In vivo detection of metabolic changes in a mouse model of scrapie using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Bell, J.D., Cox, I.J., Williams, S.C.R., Belton, P.S., McConnell, I. and Hope, J. 1991. In vivo detection of metabolic changes in a mouse model of scrapie using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Journal of General Virology. 72 (10), pp. 2419-2423. https://doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-72-10-2419

Aluminium speciation: NMR studies of blood plasma, transferrin and citrate complexes
Bell, J.D., Evans, R.W., Kiang, W., Kubal, G., Radulovic, S., Sadler, P.J. and Williams, G. 1991. Aluminium speciation: NMR studies of blood plasma, transferrin and citrate complexes. Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry. 43 (2-3), p. 488. https://doi.org/10.1016/0162-0134(91)84467-N

Metabolites in the developing rat liver: a proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic study
Rafter, J.E.M., Bates, T.E., Bell, J.D. and Iles, R.A. 1991. Metabolites in the developing rat liver: a proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic study. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta: general subjects. 1074 (2), pp. 263-269. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4165(91)90162-A

Approaches to editing, assignment and interpretation of proton spectra
Gadian, D.G., Bates, T.E., Williams, S.R., Bell, J.D., Austin, S.J. and Connelly, A. 1991. Approaches to editing, assignment and interpretation of proton spectra. NMR in Biomedicine. 4 (2), pp. 85-89. https://doi.org/10.1002/nbm.1940040210

Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of blood plasma and urine from subjects with chronic renal failure: identification of trimethylamine-N-oxide
Bell, J.D., Lee, J.D., Lee, H.A., Sadler, P.J., Wilkie, D.R. and Woodham, R.H. 1991. Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of blood plasma and urine from subjects with chronic renal failure: identification of trimethylamine-N-oxide. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta: general subjects. 1096 (2), pp. 101-107. https://doi.org/10.1016/0925-4439(91)90046-C

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in chronic renal failure
Menon, D.K., Cassidy, M.J.D., Baudouin, C., Sandford, R.N., Bell, J.D. and Sargentoni, J. 1991. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in chronic renal failure. The Lancet. 337 (8735), pp. 244-245. https://doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(91)92217-P

Proton MR spectroscopy in herpes simplex encephalitis: assessment of neuronal loss
Menon, D.K., Sargentoni, J., Peden, C.J., Bell, J.D., Cox, I.J., Coutts, G.A., Baudouin, C. and Newman, C.G.H. 1990. Proton MR spectroscopy in herpes simplex encephalitis: assessment of neuronal loss. Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography. 14 (3), pp. 449-452.

31P Magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the human paediatric liver
Iles, R.A., Cox, I.J., Bell, J.D., Dubowitz, L.M.S., Cowan, F.M. and Bryant, D.J. 1990. 31P Magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the human paediatric liver. NMR in Biomedicine. 3 (2), pp. 90-94. https://doi.org/10.1002/nbm.1940030207

NMR studies of drug metabolism and disposition
Bell, J.D., Gadian, D.G. and Preece, N.E. 1990. NMR studies of drug metabolism and disposition. European Journal of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics. 15 (2), pp. 127-133. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03190195

Proton MR spectroscopy of the brain in infants
Peden, C.J., Cowan, F.M., Bryant, D.J., Sargentoni, J., Cox, I.J., Menon, D.K., Gadian, D.G., Bell, J.D. and Dubowitz, L.M.S. 1990. Proton MR spectroscopy of the brain in infants. Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography. 14 (6), pp. 886-894.

Proton MR spectroscopy of intracranial tumours: in vivo and in vitro studies
Gill, S.S., Thomas, D.G.T., van Bruggen, N., Gadian, D.G., Peden, C.J., Bell, J.D., Cox, I.J., Menon, D.K., Iles, R.A., Bryant, D.J. and Coutts, G.A. 1990. Proton MR spectroscopy of intracranial tumours: in vivo and in vitro studies. Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography. 14 (4), pp. 497-502.

NMR studies of body fluids
Bell, J.D., Brown, J.C.C. and Sadler, P.J. 1989. NMR studies of body fluids. NMR in Biomedicine. 2 (5-6), pp. 246-256. https://doi.org/10.1002/nbm.1940020513

1H NMR study of cerebral development in the rat
Bates, T.E., Williams, S.R., Gadian, D.G., Bell, J.D., Small, R.K. and Iles, R.A. 1989. 1H NMR study of cerebral development in the rat. NMR in Biomedicine. 2 (5-6), pp. 225-229. https://doi.org/10.1002/nbm.1940020509

Non-transferrin-bound iron in plasma or serum from patients with idiopathic hemochromatosis. Characterization by high performance liquid chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Grootveld, M., Bell, J.D., Halliwell, B., Aruoma, O.I., Bomford, A. and Sadler, P.J. 1989. Non-transferrin-bound iron in plasma or serum from patients with idiopathic hemochromatosis. Characterization by high performance liquid chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 264 (8), pp. 4417-4422.

Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of body fluids: an overview
Bell, J.D. 1989. Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of body fluids: an overview. in: de Certaines, J.D. (ed.) Magnetic resonance spectroscopy of biofluids: a new tool in clinical biology London, U.K. World Scientific Publishing.

NMR-invisible lactate in blood plasma
Bell, J.D., Brown, J.C.C., Kubal, G. and Sadler, P.J. 1988. NMR-invisible lactate in blood plasma. FEBS Letters. 235 (1-2), pp. 81-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-5793(88)81238-9

Factors affecting 1h NMR spectra of blood plasma: cancer, diet and freezing
Bell, J.D., Brown, J.C.C., Norman, R.E., Sadler, P.J. and Newell, D.R. 1988. Factors affecting 1h NMR spectra of blood plasma: cancer, diet and freezing. NMR in Biomedicine. 1 (2), pp. 90-94. https://doi.org/10.1002/nbm.1940010206

Metabolic profiling of body fluids by proton NMR: self-poisoning episodes with paracetamol (acetaminophen)
Bales, J.R., Bell, J.D., Nicholson, J.K., Sadler, P.J., Timbrell, J.A., Hughes, R.D., Bennett, P.N. and Williams, R. 1988. Metabolic profiling of body fluids by proton NMR: self-poisoning episodes with paracetamol (acetaminophen). Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. 6 (3), pp. 300-306. https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.1910060308

NMR Spectroscopy of body fluids
Bell, J.D., Brown, J.C.C. and Sadler, P.J. 1988. NMR Spectroscopy of body fluids. Chemistry in Britain. 24, pp. 1021-1024.

Coordination chemistry in biological media: reactions of antitumor Pt(II) and Au(III) complexes with cell culture media
Bell, J.D., Norman, R.E. and Sadler, P.J. 1987. Coordination chemistry in biological media: reactions of antitumor Pt(II) and Au(III) complexes with cell culture media. Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry. 31 (4), pp. 241-246. https://doi.org/10.1016/0162-0134(87)80078-8

1H NMR studies of human blood plasma assignment of resonances for lipoproteins
Bell, J.D., Sadler, P.J., MacLeod, A.F., Turner, P.R. and La Ville, A. 1987. 1H NMR studies of human blood plasma assignment of resonances for lipoproteins. FEBS Letters. 219 (1), pp. 239-243. https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-5793(87)81224-3

Assignment of resonances for ‘acute-phase’ glycoproteins in high resolution proton NMR spectra of human blood plasma
Bell, J.D., Brown, J.C.C., Nicholson, J.K. and Sadler, P.J. 1987. Assignment of resonances for ‘acute-phase’ glycoproteins in high resolution proton NMR spectra of human blood plasma. FEBS Letters. 215 (2), pp. 311-315. https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-5793(87)80168-0

High resolution proton nuclear magnetic resonance studies of human cerebrospinal fluid
Bell, J.D., Brown, J.C.C., Sadler, P.J., MacLeod, A.F., Sönksen, P.H., Hughes, R.D. and Williams, R. 1987. High resolution proton nuclear magnetic resonance studies of human cerebrospinal fluid. Clinical Science: an international journal of translational science and medicine. 72, pp. 563-570. https://doi.org/10.1042/cs0720563

1H NMR studies of urine during fasting: excretion of ketone bodies and acetylcarnitine
Bales, J.R., Bell, J.D., Nicholson, J.K. and Sadler, P.J. 1986. 1H NMR studies of urine during fasting: excretion of ketone bodies and acetylcarnitine. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. 3 (6), pp. 849-856. https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.1910030605

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