Assessing Factors that Affect the Labour Market Decisions of Young People aged 16 to 24: Research Informing LPC Review of Youth Rates

Bowyer, A., Cerqua, A., Di Pietro, G., Gorman, E. and Urwin, P. 2019. Assessing Factors that Affect the Labour Market Decisions of Young People aged 16 to 24: Research Informing LPC Review of Youth Rates. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/research-on-minimum-wage-youth-rates Low Pay Commission.

TitleAssessing Factors that Affect the Labour Market Decisions of Young People aged 16 to 24: Research Informing LPC Review of Youth Rates
AuthorsBowyer, A., Cerqua, A., Di Pietro, G., Gorman, E. and Urwin, P.
TypeTechnical report
Abstract

This report describes the findings from three strands of investigation:
• Evaluating the impact of local labour market conditions on the employment and education decisions of young people. This first statistical investigation uses Longitudinal Education Outcomes [LEO] administrative data, to update the analysis previously carried out by Crawford et. al. (2011) using the Longitudinal Study of Young People in England (LSYPE).
• Identifying impacts arising from introduction in April 2016 of the National Living Wage for those aged 25 and over, and the 21 to 24 year old rate. The second strand of statistical work uses LEO data to initially pursue a similar Regression Discontinuity Design [RDD] to that used in existing studies (Crawford et. al, 2011; Dickens, Riley and Wilkinson, 2014), but then departs from this method, as key assumptions for its validity are not met.
• The third strand of research reviews the major policy trends that have altered the context for consideration of NMW youth rates between 1999 and 2019; and describes what these changes might imply.

KeywordsMinimum Wage
Year2019
PublisherLow Pay Commission
Place of publicationhttps://www.gov.uk/government/publications/research-on-minimum-wage-youth-rates
Publication dates
Published12 Nov 2019
Page range1-38
FunderLow Pay Commission
Web address (URL)https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/research-on-minimum-wage-youth-rates

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Di Pietro, G. and Cutillo, A. 2008. Degree flexibility and university drop-out: the Italian experience. Economics of Education Review. 27 (5), pp. 546-555. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2007.06.002

Who studies abroad? Evidence from France and Italy
Di Pietro, G. and Page, L. 2008. Who studies abroad? Evidence from France and Italy. European Journal of Education: research, development and policies. 43 (3), pp. 389-398. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-3435.2008.00355.x

Estimating ethnic parity in Jobcentre Plus programmes: a quantitative analysis using the Work and Pensions Longitudinal Study (WPLS)
Crawford, C., Dearden, L., Mesnard, A., Shaw, J., Sianesi, B. and Urwin, P.J. 2008. Estimating ethnic parity in Jobcentre Plus programmes: a quantitative analysis using the Work and Pensions Longitudinal Study (WPLS). Leeds Corporate Document Services.

Implementing diversity employment policies: examples from large London companies
Michielsens, E., Bingham, C., Clarke, L., Miller, S., Urwin, P.J., Siara, B. and Karuk, V. 2008. Implementing diversity employment policies: examples from large London companies. London London First and University of Westminster.

Becoming a Government Economist: Who Passes, Who Fails?
Hedges, P.F., Urwin, P.J. and Buscha, F. 2008. Becoming a Government Economist: Who Passes, Who Fails? The Royal Economic Society Conference 2008. University of Warwick 17 - 19 Mar 2008

The role of brands in UK economy and society
Urwin, P.J., Karuk, V., Hedges, P.F. and Auton, F. 2008. The role of brands in UK economy and society. Commissioned by the British Brands Group.

Valuing brands in the UK economy
Urwin, P.J., Karuk, V., Hedges, P.F. and Auton, F. 2008. Valuing brands in the UK economy. London Westminster Business School, University of Westminster, commissioned by the British Brands Group.

Small businesses in the UK: new perspectives on evidence and policy
Urwin, P.J., Karuk, V., Buscha, F. and Siara, B. 2008. Small businesses in the UK: new perspectives on evidence and policy. London Commissioned by the Federation of Small Businesses.

Diversity league table 2008 - Ethnicity and gender in the legal profession
Urwin, P.J. and Karuk, V. 2008. Diversity league table 2008 - Ethnicity and gender in the legal profession. Black Solicitors Network.

Ownership and the strategic behaviour of small and medium size manufacturing firms
Ghobadian, A., Urwin, P.J., O'Regan, N. and Buscha, F. 2008. Ownership and the strategic behaviour of small and medium size manufacturing firms. British Academy of Management Conference 2008 (BAM2008). Majestic Hotel, Harrogate 9 - 11 Sep 2008

Changes in the returns to education in Argentina
Di Pietro, G. and Pedace, L. 2008. Changes in the returns to education in Argentina. Journal of Applied Economics. 11 (2), pp. 259-279.

The effect of lifelong learning on intra-generational social mobility - evidence from longitudinal data in the United Kingdom
Blanden, J., Sturgis, P., Buscha, F. and Urwin, P.J. 2008. The effect of lifelong learning on intra-generational social mobility - evidence from longitudinal data in the United Kingdom. Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills. https://doi.org/DIUSResearchReport09-04

Employee and employer responses to engaging in work based learning: a qualitative study
Beadsmoore, A., Karuk, V., Siara, B. and Urwin, P.J. 2008. Employee and employer responses to engaging in work based learning: a qualitative study. Report to the Higher Education Academy.

Changes in the extent of inequality in access to university education in Italy
Di Pietro, G. 2008. Changes in the extent of inequality in access to university education in Italy. Rivista di Politica Economica. 98 (1), pp. 175-213.

The effect of computer use on earnings in Italy
Di Pietro, G. 2007. The effect of computer use on earnings in Italy. Empirical Economics. 33 (2), pp. 245-262. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00181-006-0101-6

Employee voice regimes and the characteristics of conflict: an analysis of the 2003 survey of employment tribunal applications
Urwin, P.J., Murphy, R. and Michielsens, E. 2007. Employee voice regimes and the characteristics of conflict: an analysis of the 2003 survey of employment tribunal applications. Human Resource Management Journal. 17 (2), pp. 178-197. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-8583.2007.00037.x

What makes a good government economist?
Hedges, P.F., Urwin, P.J. and Buscha, F. 2007. What makes a good government economist? Developments in Economics Education conference 2007. University of Cambridge 06 - 07 Sep 2007

Developing a framework for analysis of university students' workbased learning: report on preliminary findings and appropriateness of approach
Karuk, V., Michielsens, E., Siara, B. and Urwin, P.J. 2007. Developing a framework for analysis of university students' workbased learning: report on preliminary findings and appropriateness of approach. E-Evolve Enhancing Employability Conference. University of Central Lancashire, Preston 04-05 Sep 2007

Regional labour market conditions and university dropout rates: evidence from Italy
Di Pietro, G. 2006. Regional labour market conditions and university dropout rates: evidence from Italy. Regional Studies. 40 (6), pp. 617-630. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343400600868770

Does attending a Catholic school make a difference? Evidence from Italy
Di Pietro, G. and Cutillo, A. 2006. Does attending a Catholic school make a difference? Evidence from Italy. Bulletin of Economic Research. 58 (3), pp. 193-234. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0307-3378.2006.00242.x

The impact of the National Minimum Wage in low-wage sectors: does the Earnings Top-up Evaluation study add to our understanding?
Urwin, P.J., Jack, G. and Lissenburgh, S. 2006. The impact of the National Minimum Wage in low-wage sectors: does the Earnings Top-up Evaluation study add to our understanding? Industrial Relations Journal. 37 (3), pp. 259-277. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2338.2006.00402.x

University quality and labour market outcomes in Italy
Di Pietro, G. and Cutillo, A. 2006. University quality and labour market outcomes in Italy. Labour: review of labour economics and industrial relations. 20 (1), pp. 37-62. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9914.2006.00333.x

Comparing Business Students' Perceptions of their Skills and Abilities with Actual Performance: Does Over-Confidence Influence Progression to Level 5?
Hedges, P.F. and Urwin, P.J. 2006. Comparing Business Students' Perceptions of their Skills and Abilities with Actual Performance: Does Over-Confidence Influence Progression to Level 5? European Association for Research on Learning and Instruction (EARLI) Conference 2006. Northumbria University

Undergraduate student perceptions of quantitative skills abilities, and subsequent performance in quantitative skills testing
Urwin, P.J. and Hedges, P.F. 2006. Undergraduate student perceptions of quantitative skills abilities, and subsequent performance in quantitative skills testing. in: Kyriakidou, N. (ed.) International reflections on education and business Athens, Greece ATINER. pp. 201-214

The effects of overeducation on wages in Italy: a bivariate selectivity approach
Cutillo, A. and Di Pietro, G. 2006. The effects of overeducation on wages in Italy: a bivariate selectivity approach. International Journal of Manpower. 27 (2), pp. 143-168. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437720610666182

Age discrimination: legislation and human capital accumulation
Urwin, P.J. 2006. Age discrimination: legislation and human capital accumulation. Employee Relations. 28 (1), pp. 87-97. https://doi.org/10.1108/01425450610633082

Education and skills mismatch in the Italian graduate labour market
Di Pietro, G. and Urwin, P.J. 2006. Education and skills mismatch in the Italian graduate labour market. Applied Economics. 38 (1), pp. 79-94. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036840500215303

The impact of research and teaching quality inputs on the employment outcomes of postgraduates
Urwin, P.J. and Di Pietro, G. 2005. The impact of research and teaching quality inputs on the employment outcomes of postgraduates. Higher Education Quarterly. 59 (4), pp. 275-295. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2273.2005.00298.x

How do voice regimes influence conflict in the workplace?
Urwin, P.J., Michielsens, E. and Murphy, R. 2005. How do voice regimes influence conflict in the workplace? People Management. 11 (18).

Employee voice regimes and the characteristics of conflict: an analysis of the 2003 survey of employment tribunal applications
Urwin, P.J., Michielsens, E. and Murphy, R. 2005. Employee voice regimes and the characteristics of conflict: an analysis of the 2003 survey of employment tribunal applications. CIPD Professional Standards Conference. Keele, UK 27-29 Jun 2005

Measuring the returns to networking and the accumulation of social capital: are the yuppies networking?
Urwin, P.J., Jack, G., Sturgis, P. and Di Pietro, G. 2005. Measuring the returns to networking and the accumulation of social capital: are the yuppies networking? ESPE 2005: XIX Annual Conference of the European Society of Population Economics. Paris, France 16-18 Jun 2005

Identifying the returns to networking and social capital accumulation
Urwin, P.J., Jack, G., Sturgis, P. and Di Pietro, G. 2005. Identifying the returns to networking and social capital accumulation. Whither Social Capital? Past, Present and Future, An International Conference. London, UK 06-07 April 2005

The impact of the National Minimum Wage in low wage sectors: does the earnings top-up evaluation study add to our understanding?
Urwin, P.J., Jack, G. and Lissenburgh, S. 2005. The impact of the National Minimum Wage in low wage sectors: does the earnings top-up evaluation study add to our understanding? Royal Economic Society Annual Conference 2005. Nottingham, UK 23 Mar 2005

Student perceptions of quantitative skills abilities, and subsequent performance in quantitative skills training
Urwin, P.J. and Hedges, P.F. 2005. Student perceptions of quantitative skills abilities, and subsequent performance in quantitative skills training. 7th Athens Institute for Education and Research, International Conference on Education. Athens, Greece 20-22 May 2005

Measuring the impacts of widening participation projects: how do we identify the impact of programmes that aim to support progression for disadvantaged groups
Urwin, P.J. 2005. Measuring the impacts of widening participation projects: how do we identify the impact of programmes that aim to support progression for disadvantaged groups. Higher Education Academy Annual Conference 2005: Enhancing the Student Experience. Edinburgh, UK 29 Jun - 01 Jul 2005

On migration and unemployment: evidence from Italian graduates
Di Pietro, G. 2005. On migration and unemployment: evidence from Italian graduates. Economic Issues. 10 (2), pp. 11-28.

The determinants of university dropout in Italy: a bivariate probability model with sample selection
Di Pietro, G. 2004. The determinants of university dropout in Italy: a bivariate probability model with sample selection. Applied Economics Letters. 11 (3), pp. 187-191. https://doi.org/10.1080/1350485042000203832

Intergenerational mobility and occupational status in Italy
Di Pietro, G. and Urwin, P.J. 2003. Intergenerational mobility and occupational status in Italy. Applied Economics Letters. 10 (12), pp. 793-797. https://doi.org/10.1080/1350485032000081965

Measuring the impact of higher education quality inputs on the first destinations of graduates : do QAA aspect scores add to the explanation?
Urwin, P.J. and Di Pietro, G. 2003. Measuring the impact of higher education quality inputs on the first destinations of graduates : do QAA aspect scores add to the explanation? London, UK Westminster Business School, University of Westminster, commissioned by the British Brands Group.

Reconciling differences between the estimates of London jobs gained from Employer Surveys and the Labour Force Survey
Urwin, P.J. 2003. Reconciling differences between the estimates of London jobs gained from Employer Surveys and the Labour Force Survey. Greater London Authority.

How many futures for UK higher education?: strategic choices facing UK universities in light of the government's recent white paper
Urwin, P.J. 2003. How many futures for UK higher education?: strategic choices facing UK universities in light of the government's recent white paper. 5th Athens Institute for Education and Research, International Conference on Education. Athens, Greece 23-24 May 2003

Education and skills mismatch in the Italian graduate labour market
Di Pietro, G. and Urwin, P.J. 2003. Education and skills mismatch in the Italian graduate labour market. Royal Economic Society Annual Conference 2003. Warwick, UK 07-09 Apr 2003

The impact of research and teaching quality on the employment outcomes of postgraduates
Di Pietro, G. 2003. The impact of research and teaching quality on the employment outcomes of postgraduates. Annual Conference of the British Educational Research Association. Edinburgh, UK 10-13 Sep 2003

Gli effetti del ciclo economico sull'incidenza di poverta: l'esperienza dell'Italia tra il 1980 e il 1997
Di Pietro, G. 2003. Gli effetti del ciclo economico sull'incidenza di poverta: l'esperienza dell'Italia tra il 1980 e il 1997. Politica Economica. 1, pp. 5-30.

Equality of opportunity in Italian university education: is there any role for social welfare spending?
Di Pietro, G. 2003. Equality of opportunity in Italian university education: is there any role for social welfare spending? International Journal of Educational Development. 23 (1), pp. 5-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0738-0593(01)00047-5

Technological change, labor markets, and 'low-skill, low-technology traps'
Di Pietro, G. 2002. Technological change, labor markets, and 'low-skill, low-technology traps'. Technological Forecasting and Social Change. 69 (9), pp. 885-895. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1625(01)00182-2

The connection between access to university and net social welfare expenditure in Southern Italy
Di Pietro, G. 2002. The connection between access to university and net social welfare expenditure in Southern Italy. Education Economics. 10 (1), pp. 25-39. https://doi.org/10.1080/09645290110110182

Measuring the employment effects of networking and the accumulation of social capital: does the 2000 UK time use survey add to this understanding?
Di Pietro, G. and Sturgis, P. 2002. Measuring the employment effects of networking and the accumulation of social capital: does the 2000 UK time use survey add to this understanding? International Association for Time Use Research Conference 2002: Work Time and Leisure Time. Lisbon, Portugal 15-18 Oct 2002

High tech manufacturing and economic growth in the APEC region: how important is absorptive capacity?
Di Pietro, G., Kramer, S. and Urwin, P.J. 2002. High tech manufacturing and economic growth in the APEC region: how important is absorptive capacity? APEC Review. 9 (1), pp. 117-139.

Age and participation in vocational education and training
Taylor, P. and Urwin, P.J. 2001. Age and participation in vocational education and training. Work, Employment & Society. 15 (4), pp. 763-779. https://doi.org/10.1177/095001701400438198

The role of private employment agencies in placing the unemployed
Urwin, P.J. and Shackleton, J.R. 2001. The role of private employment agencies in placing the unemployed. London, UK House of Commons Employment Committee.

New deal for young people: national survey of participants: stage 2
Bonjour, D., Dorsett, R., Knight, G., Lissenburgh, S., Mukherjee, A., Payne, J., Range, M., Urwin, P.J. and White, M. 2001. New deal for young people: national survey of participants: stage 2. Sheffield, UK Employment Service. https://doi.org/EmploymentServiceResearchandDevelopmentReportESR67

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