| Abstract | Aviation accounts for approximately 3–5% of total anthropogenic climate forcing, with two-thirds of its impact from non-CO2 emissions and effects. Provided that such emissions can be accurately measured, charging schemes can be designed to incentivise airlines to reduce them (in addition to CO2). However, non-CO2 emissions are more complex than emitted CO2, because they depend on many factors: the chemical and physical state of the atmosphere, and engine type, in particular. Hence, dynamic pricing schemes have to be considered, but models that have to predict the appropriate levels of modulation are then hard to solve, due to the various sources of stochasticity, in particular the state of the atmosphere. In this paper, we present an analysis of the main characteristics that need to be taken into account for non-CO2 emissions. We present a charging scheme that may be able to alleviate the non-CO2 emissions problem, using a ‘climate hotspot’ concept. We present a simple model able to capture sources of stochasticity and find the appropriate levels of modulation, for given traffic forecasts. |
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