‘Well London’ and the benefits of participation: results of a qualitative study nested in a cluster randomised trial

The cortisol awakening response: regulation and functional significance
Stalder, T., Oster, H., Abelson, James L, Huthsteiner, Katharina, Klucken, Tim and Clow, Angela 2024. The cortisol awakening response: regulation and functional significance. Endocrine Reviews. Advanced online publication. https://doi.org/10.1210/endrev/bnae024

Targeting neuroendocrine abnormalities in Parkinson’s disease with exercise
Luthra, Nijee S., Christou, Demetra D., Clow, Angela and Corcos, Daniel M. 2023. Targeting neuroendocrine abnormalities in Parkinson’s disease with exercise. Frontiers in Neuroscience. 17 1228444. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2023.1228444

The Interrelated Multifactorial Actions of Cortisol and Klotho: Potential Implications in the Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease.
Luthra, N.S., Clow, A. and Corcos, D.M. 2022. The Interrelated Multifactorial Actions of Cortisol and Klotho: Potential Implications in the Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease. Brain Sciences. 12 (12) 1695. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12121695

The chimera of choice in UK food policy 1976-2018
Burges Watson, D.L., Draper, A. and Willis, W.J. 2021. The chimera of choice in UK food policy 1976-2018. British Food Journal. 123 (4), pp. 1596-1609. https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-10-2020-0982

Attitudinal Determinants of diet and lifestyle among African and Caribbean women living in the UK : study design and rationale - Diets of African and Caribbean women
Adegboye, A.R.A., Moore, A.P., Comegna, S., Tewfik, I., Draper, A. and Begum, G. 2020. Attitudinal Determinants of diet and lifestyle among African and Caribbean women living in the UK : study design and rationale - Diets of African and Caribbean women. World Nutrition. 11 (1), pp. 97-109. https://doi.org/10.26596/wn.202011197-109

Contribution of street food to dietary intake of habitual urban consumers: a cross-sectional study in Kampala city, Uganda
Sseguya, W., Matovu, N., Swann, J. and Draper, A. 2020. Contribution of street food to dietary intake of habitual urban consumers: a cross-sectional study in Kampala city, Uganda. Nutrition and Health. 26 (3), p. 187–195. https://doi.org/10.1177/0260106020919629

Stress, the cortisol awakening response and cognitive function
Law, R. and Clow, A. 2020. Stress, the cortisol awakening response and cognitive function. in: Clow, A. and Smyth, N. (ed.) Stress and Brain Health: Across the Life Course Elsevier. pp. 187-217

"I wouldn't delve into it too much": public concerns (or not) about the UK food supply system
Draper, A. 2020. "I wouldn't delve into it too much": public concerns (or not) about the UK food supply system. in: Gustafsson, U., O'Connell, R., Draper, A. and Tonner, A. (ed.) What is Food?: Researching a Topic with Many Meanings Abingdon, Oxon Routledge.

Psychological stress reactivity and future health and disease outcomes: A systematic review of prospective evidence
Turner, A.I., Smyth, N., Hall, S.J., Torres, S.J., Hussein, M., Jayasinghe, S.U., Ball, K. and Clow, A. 2020. Psychological stress reactivity and future health and disease outcomes: A systematic review of prospective evidence. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 114 104599. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104599

Wave 5 Secondary Analysis: Trust in Food and the UK Food System
Benson, A., Irdam, D., Lubian, K., Barber, T. and Draper, A. 2019. Wave 5 Secondary Analysis: Trust in Food and the UK Food System. London NatCen Social Research.

The cortisol awakening response predicts response inhibition in the afternoon of the same day
Shi, Xia, Sun, Xiaofang, Yao, Zhuxi, Yuan, Yiran, Wu, Jianhui and Clow, A. 2018. The cortisol awakening response predicts response inhibition in the afternoon of the same day. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 89, pp. 23-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.12.016

Profiles and practices of people with food hypersensitivities
Roberts, C., Saunders, C., Draper, A. and Oliver, E. 2017. Profiles and practices of people with food hypersensitivities. NatCen Social Research.

Understanding infant and young child feeding and oral health practices and perceptions in Tower Hamlets: moving from knowledge to practice and impact
Keith, R., Draper, A., Adegboye, A.R., Senior, L., Mba, E. and Azagba Nyako, J. 2017. Understanding infant and young child feeding and oral health practices and perceptions in Tower Hamlets: moving from knowledge to practice and impact. University of Westminster.

Does the diurnal cycle of cortisol explain the relationship between physical performance and cognitive function in older adults?
Dijckmans, B., Tortosa-Martínez, J., Caus, N., González-Caballero, G., Martínez-Pelegrin, B., Manchado-Lopez, C., Cortell-Tormo, J.M., Chulvi-Medrano, I. and Clow, A. 2017. Does the diurnal cycle of cortisol explain the relationship between physical performance and cognitive function in older adults? European Review of Aging and Physical Activity. 14 (6). https://doi.org/10.1186/s11556-017-0175-5

Salivary diurnal cortisol profiles in patients suffering from chronic breathlessness receiving supportive and palliative care services: a cross-sectional study
Ryan, R., Clow, A., Spathis, A., Smyth, N., Barclay, S., Fallon, M. and Booth, S. 2017. Salivary diurnal cortisol profiles in patients suffering from chronic breathlessness receiving supportive and palliative care services: a cross-sectional study. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 79, pp. 134-145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.01.025

The use of food hygiene rating schemes
Draper, A. and Draper, A. 2016. The use of food hygiene rating schemes. UK Food Standards Agency.

Food affordability and safety
Draper, A. 2016. Food affordability and safety. UK Food Standards Agency.

Vulnerable groups and food safety
Draper, A. 2016. Vulnerable groups and food safety.

Wellbeing and food safety
Draper, A. and Clow, A. 2016. Wellbeing and food safety. UK Food Standards Agency.

A typology of food safety activities
Draper, A. 2016. A typology of food safety activities. Food Standards Agency.

Understanding public concerns about food risks and food safety: role and usefulness of Twitter
Draper, A., Dowler, E., Sloan, L., Williams, M., Burnap, P. and Roberts, C. 2016. Understanding public concerns about food risks and food safety: role and usefulness of Twitter. National Centre for Social Statistics.

Views on the food supply chain
Roberts, C., Draper, A. and Dowler, E. 2016. Views on the food supply chain. in: British Social Attitudes Survey. 33rd edition London National Centre for Social Statistics.

Putting the stress on conspiracy theories: examing associations between psychosocial stress, anxiety, and belief in conspiracy theories
Swami, V., Furnham, A., Smyth, N., Weis, L., Ley, A. and Clow, A. 2016. Putting the stress on conspiracy theories: examing associations between psychosocial stress, anxiety, and belief in conspiracy theories. Personality and Individual Differences . 99, pp. 72-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.04.084

Breathlessness and inflammation: relationship and implications
Ryan, R., Spathis, A., Clow, A. and Booth, S. 2016. Breathlessness and inflammation: relationship and implications. Current Opinion in Supportive and Palliative care. 10 (3), pp. 242-248. https://doi.org/10.1097/SPC.0000000000000229

The role of peer physical activity champions in the workplace: a qualitative study
Edmunds, S. and Clow, A. 2016. The role of peer physical activity champions in the workplace: a qualitative study. Perspectives in Public Health. 136 (3), pp. 161-170. https://doi.org/10.1177/1757913915600741

Food journeys and the public
Draper, A. 2016. Food journeys and the public. London

Working with people affected by cancer –mixed methods exploration of practitioner perspectives in nutritional therapy
Granger, C.A., Pilkington, K., Draper, A. and Polley, M.J. 2016. Working with people affected by cancer –mixed methods exploration of practitioner perspectives in nutritional therapy. Society for Integrative Oncology 13th International Conference. Miami, Florida, USA 05 - 07 Nov 2016

Assessment of the cortisol awakening response: Real-time analysis and curvilinear effects of sample timing inaccuracy
Smyth, N., Thorn, L., Hucklebridge, F., Clow, A. and Evans, P. 2016. Assessment of the cortisol awakening response: Real-time analysis and curvilinear effects of sample timing inaccuracy. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 74, pp. 380-386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.09.026

Relationship between post-awakening salivary cortisol and melatonin secretion in healthy participants
Ramachandran, N., Smyth, N., Thorn, L., Eardley, A.F., Evans, P. and Clow, A. 2016. Relationship between post-awakening salivary cortisol and melatonin secretion in healthy participants. Stress. 19 (2), pp. 260-263. https://doi.org/10.3109/10253890.2016.1146671

Use of Salivary Diurnal Cortisol as an Outcome Measure in Randomised Controlled Trials: a Systematic Review
Ryan, R., Booth, S., Spathis, A., Mollart, S. and Clow, A. 2016. Use of Salivary Diurnal Cortisol as an Outcome Measure in Randomised Controlled Trials: a Systematic Review. Annals of Behavioural medicine. pp. 1-27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-015-9753-9

Hair cortisol concentrations in relation to ill-being and well-being in healthy young and old females
Smyth, N., Bianchin, M., Thorn, L., Hucklebridge, F., Kirschbaum, C., Stalder, T. and Clow, A. 2016. Hair cortisol concentrations in relation to ill-being and well-being in healthy young and old females. International Journal of Psychophysiology. 102, pp. 12-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.03.001

Exercise increases the dynamics of diurnal cortisol secretion and executive functionin people wiht MCI
Tortosa-Martínez, J., Clow, A., Caus-Pertegaz, N., González-Caballero, G., Abellán-Miralles, I. and Saenz, M.J. 2015. Exercise increases the dynamics of diurnal cortisol secretion and executive functionin people wiht MCI. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity. 23 (4), pp. 550-558. https://doi.org/10.1123/japa.2014-0006

Barriers to working with people affected by cancer: Preliminary qualitative data from a mixed methods exploration of practitioner perspectives in nutritional therapy
Granger, C.A., Pilkington, K., Draper, A. and Polley, M.J. 2015. Barriers to working with people affected by cancer: Preliminary qualitative data from a mixed methods exploration of practitioner perspectives in nutritional therapy. European Journal of Integrative Medicine. 7 (6), p. 681. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eujim.2015.07.009

Reduced memory skills and increased hair cortisol levels in recent Ecstasy/MDMA users: significant but independent neurocognitive and neurohormonal deficits
Downey, L.A., Sands, H., Jones, L., Clow, A., Evans, P., Stalder, T. and Parrott, A.C. 2015. Reduced memory skills and increased hair cortisol levels in recent Ecstasy/MDMA users: significant but independent neurocognitive and neurohormonal deficits. Human Psychopharmacology. 30 (3), pp. 199-207. https://doi.org/10.1002/hup.2474

Assessment of the cortisol awakening response: expert consensus guidelines
Stalder, T., Kirschbaum, C., Kudielka, B.M., Adam, E.K., Pruessner, J.C., Wüst, S., Dockray, S., Smyth, N., Evans, P., Hellhammer, D.H., Miller, R., Wetherell, M.A., Lupien, S., Clow, A. and Jens C. Pruessner 2015. Assessment of the cortisol awakening response: expert consensus guidelines. Psychoneuroendocrinology. PNEC (63), pp. 414-432. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.10.010

Detailed time course of the cortisol awakening response in healthy participants
Smyth, N., Thorn, L., Hucklebridge, F., Evans, P. and Clow, A. 2015. Detailed time course of the cortisol awakening response in healthy participants. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 62, pp. 200-203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.08.011

Post awakening salivary cortisol secretion and trait well-being: The importance of sample timing accuracy
Smyth, N., Thorn, L., Hucklebridge, F., Evans, P. and Clow, A. 2015. Post awakening salivary cortisol secretion and trait well-being: The importance of sample timing accuracy. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 58, pp. 141-151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.04.019

Anxious attachment style predicts an enhanced cortisol response to group psychosocial stress
Smyth, N., Thorn, L., Oskis, A., Hucklebridge, F., Evans, P. and Clow, A. 2015. Anxious attachment style predicts an enhanced cortisol response to group psychosocial stress. Stress. 18 (2), pp. 143-148. https://doi.org/10.3109/10253890.2015.1021676

The cortisol awakening response predicts same morning executive function: results from a 50-day case study
Law, R., Evans, P., Thorn, L., Hucklebridge, F. and Clow, A. 2015. The cortisol awakening response predicts same morning executive function: results from a 50-day case study. Stress: The International Journal on the Biology of Stress. 18 (6), pp. 616-621. https://doi.org/10.3109/10253890.2015.1076789

Biological Stress Regulation in Female Adolescents: A Key Role for Confiding
Oskis, A., Clow, A., Loveday, C., Hucklebridge, F. and Sbarra, D.A. 2015. Biological Stress Regulation in Female Adolescents: A Key Role for Confiding . Journal of Youth and Adolescence. 44 (5), pp. 1066-1077. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-014-0182-z

Well London Phase-1: results among adults of a cluster-randomised trial of a community engagement approach to improving health behaviours and mental well-being in deprived inner-city neighbourhoods
Phillips, G., Bottomley, C., Schmidt, E., Tobi, P., Lais, S., Yu, G., Lynch, R., Lock, K., Draper, A., Moore, D., Clow, A., Petticrew, M., Hayes, R. and Renton, A. 2014. Well London Phase-1: results among adults of a cluster-randomised trial of a community engagement approach to improving health behaviours and mental well-being in deprived inner-city neighbourhoods . Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health. 68 (7), pp. 606-614. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2013-202505

Day differences in the cortisol awakening response predict day differences in synaptic plasticity in the brain
Clow, A., Law, R., Evans, P., Vallence, A.M., Hodyl, N.A., Goldsworthy, M.R., Rothwell, J.R. and Ridding, M.C. 2014. Day differences in the cortisol awakening response predict day differences in synaptic plasticity in the brain. Stress. 17 (3), pp. 219-223. https://doi.org/10.3109/10253890.2014.905533

Working with people affected by cancer – Phase 1 of a mixed methods exploration of practitioner perspectives in nutritional therapy
Granger, C.A., Pilkington, K., Draper, A. and Polley, M.J. 2014. Working with people affected by cancer – Phase 1 of a mixed methods exploration of practitioner perspectives in nutritional therapy. European Journal of Integrative Medicine. 6 (5), pp. 613-614. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eujim.2014.07.010

The biological impact of living with chronic breathlessness – A role for the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis?
Ryan, R., Spathis, A., Clow, A., Fallon, M. and Booth, S. 2014. The biological impact of living with chronic breathlessness – A role for the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis? Medical Hypotheses. 83 (2), pp. 232-237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2014.04.011

Understanding the professional characteristics, needs and experience of nutritional therapy practitioners working with cancer patients
Granger, C.A., Polley, M.J., Pilkington, K. and Draper, A. 2013. Understanding the professional characteristics, needs and experience of nutritional therapy practitioners working with cancer patients. European Journal of Integrative Medicine. 5 (6), p. 579. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eujim.2013.08.018

Salivary cortisol as a biomarker in social science research
Thorn, L., Smyth, N., Hucklebridge, F., Evans, P. and Clow, A. 2013. Salivary cortisol as a biomarker in social science research. Social and Personality Psychology Compass. 7 (9), pp. 605-625. https://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12057

Delays of 5–15 min between awakening and the start of saliva sampling matter in assessment of the cortisol awakening response
Smyth, N., Clow, A., Thorn, L., Hucklebridge, F. and Evans, P. 2013. Delays of 5–15 min between awakening and the start of saliva sampling matter in assessment of the cortisol awakening response. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 38 (9), pp. 1476-1483. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.12.013

State variation in the cortisol awakening response
Law, R., Hucklebridge, F., Thorn, L., Evans, P. and Clow, A. 2013. State variation in the cortisol awakening response. Stress. 16 (5), pp. 483-492. https://doi.org/10.3109/10253890.2013.817552

Front-of-pack nutrition labelling: are multiple formats a problem for consumers?
Draper, A., Adamson, A.J., Clegg, S., Malam, S., Rigg, M. and Duncan, S. 2013. Front-of-pack nutrition labelling: are multiple formats a problem for consumers? European Journal of Public Health. 23 (3), pp. 517-521. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckr144

Using participatory approaches with older people in a residential home in Guyana: challenges and tensions
Hewitt, G., Draper, A. and Ismail, S. 2013. Using participatory approaches with older people in a residential home in Guyana: challenges and tensions. Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology. 28 (1), pp. 1-25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10823-012-9182-1

Understanding alexithymia in female adolescents: the role of attachment style
Oskis, A., Clow, A., Hucklebridge, F., Bifulco, A., Jacobs, C. and Loveday, C. 2013. Understanding alexithymia in female adolescents: the role of attachment style . Personality and Individual Differences . 54 (1), pp. 97-102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2012.08.023

Physiological evidence consistent with reduced neuroplasticity in human adolescents born preterm
Pitcher, J.B., Riley, A.M., Doeltgen, S.H., Kurylowicz, L., Rothwell, J.C., McAllister, S.M., Smith, A.E., Clow, A., Kennaway, D.J. and Ridding, M.C. 2012. Physiological evidence consistent with reduced neuroplasticity in human adolescents born preterm. The Journal of Neuroscience. 32 (46), pp. 16410-16416. https://doi.org/10.1523/​JNEUROSCI.3079-12.2012

Climate change and food security: health impacts in developed countries
Lake, I.R., Hooper, L., Abdelhamid, A., Bentham, G., Boxall, A.B.A., Draper, A., Fairweather-Tait, S., Hulme, M., Hunter, P.R., Nichols, G. and Waldron, K.W. 2012. Climate change and food security: health impacts in developed countries. Environmental Health Perspectives. 120 (11), pp. 1520-1526. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1104424

Ritual and recovery in post-conflict Sri Lanka
Derges, J. 2012. Ritual and recovery in post-conflict Sri Lanka. London Routledge.

Does physical activity reduce risk for Alzheimer’s disease through interaction with the stress neuroendocrine system?
Tortosa-Martinez, J. and Clow, A. 2012. Does physical activity reduce risk for Alzheimer’s disease through interaction with the stress neuroendocrine system? Stress. 15 (3), pp. 243-261. https://doi.org/10.3109/10253890.2011.629323

Diurnal patterns of salivary cortisol and DHEA in adolescent anorexia nervosa
Oskis, A., Clow, A., Thorn, L., Loveday, C. and Hucklebridge, F. 2012. Diurnal patterns of salivary cortisol and DHEA in adolescent anorexia nervosa. Stress. 15 (6), pp. 601-607. https://doi.org/10.3109/10253890.2012.661493

Differences between the diurnal patterns of salivary cortisol and DHEA in healthy female adolescents
Oskis, A., Clow, A., Thorn, L., Loveday, C. and Hucklebridge, F. 2012. Differences between the diurnal patterns of salivary cortisol and DHEA in healthy female adolescents. Stress. 15 (1), pp. 110-114. https://doi.org/10.3109/10253890.2011.582529

What shapes participation in a community-based intervention? Evidence from a qualitative evaluation of the well London project
Jain, S., Draper, A., Clow, A., Lynch, R. and Derges, J. 2012. What shapes participation in a community-based intervention? Evidence from a qualitative evaluation of the well London project. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health. 66 (S1), p. A3. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2012-201753.007

Building a logic model for a complex intervention: a worked example from the Well London CRCT
Draper, A., Clow, A., Lynch, R., Jain, S., Philips, G., Petticrew, M. and Renton, A. 2012. Building a logic model for a complex intervention: a worked example from the Well London CRCT. Population Health: Methods and Challenges, MRC Conference. ICC Birmingham 23-25 April 2012

Complaints about dog faeces as a symbolic representation of incivility in London, UK: a qualitative study
Derges, J., Lynch, R., Clow, A., Pettigrew, M. and Draper, A. 2012. Complaints about dog faeces as a symbolic representation of incivility in London, UK: a qualitative study. Critical Public Health. 22 (4), pp. 419-425. https://doi.org/10.1080/09581596.2012.710738

What are the specific pathways and project components that have a positive impact on the well-being of participants in a ‘well London’ project?
Derges, J., Draper, A., Clow, A., Lynch, R. and Jain, S. 2012. What are the specific pathways and project components that have a positive impact on the well-being of participants in a ‘well London’ project? Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health. 66 (S1), p. A57. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2012-201753.147

Seasonal differences in the diurnal pattern of cortisol secretion in healthy participants and those with self-assessed seasonal affective disorder
Thorn, L., Evans, P., Cannon, A., Hucklebridge, F. and Clow, A. 2011. Seasonal differences in the diurnal pattern of cortisol secretion in healthy participants and those with self-assessed seasonal affective disorder. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 36 (6), pp. 816-823. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2010.11.003

A randomised placebo-controlled trial of oral hydrocortisone for treating tobacco withdrawal symptoms
Ussher, M., Aveyard, P., Reid, F., West, R., Evans, P., Clow, A., Hucklebridge, F., Fuller, J., Ibison, J. and Steptoe, A. 2011. A randomised placebo-controlled trial of oral hydrocortisone for treating tobacco withdrawal symptoms. Psychopharmacology. 216 (1), pp. 43-51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-011-2191-x

Associations between the cortisol awakening response and heart rate variability
Stalder, T., Evans, P., Hucklebridge, F. and Clow, A. 2011. Associations between the cortisol awakening response and heart rate variability. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 36 (4), pp. 454-462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2010.07.020

The diurnal cortisol cycle and cognitive performance in the healthy old
Evans, P., Fredhoi, C., Loveday, C., Hucklebridge, F., Aitchison, E., Forte, D. and Clow, A. 2011. The diurnal cortisol cycle and cognitive performance in the healthy old. International Journal of Psychophysiology. 79 (3), pp. 371-377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2010.12.006

Anxious attachment style and salivary cortisol dysregulation in healthy female children and adolescents
Oskis, A., Loveday, C., Hucklebridge, F., Thorn, L. and Clow, A. 2011. Anxious attachment style and salivary cortisol dysregulation in healthy female children and adolescents. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 52 (2), pp. 111-118. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02296.x

Qualitative research in nutrition and dietetics: data collection issues
Draper, A. and Swift, J.A. 2011. Qualitative research in nutrition and dietetics: data collection issues. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics. 24 (1), pp. 3-12. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-277X.2010.01117.x

Exploring food attitudes and behaviours in the UK: findings from the Food and You Survey 2010
Prior, G., Hall, L., Morris, S. and Draper, A. 2011. Exploring food attitudes and behaviours in the UK: findings from the Food and You Survey 2010. London Food Standards Agency. https://doi.org/UnitReport13

Exploring food attitudes and behaviours in the UK: findings from the Food and You Survey 2010
Prior, G., Hall, L., Morris, S. and Draper, A. 2011. Exploring food attitudes and behaviours in the UK: findings from the Food and You Survey 2010. London Food Standards Agency.

Food and public health: contemporary issues and future directions
Gustafsson, U., Wills, W. and Draper, A. 2011. Food and public health: contemporary issues and future directions. Critical Public Health. 21 (4), pp. 385-393. https://doi.org/10.1080/09581596.2011.625759

State associations with the cortisol awakening response in healthy females
Stalder, T., Evans, P., Hucklebridge, F. and Clow, A. 2010. State associations with the cortisol awakening response in healthy females. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 35 (8), pp. 1245-1252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2010.02.014

Chasing the dragon: developing indicators for the assessment of community participation in health programmes
Draper, A., Hewitt, G. and Rifkin, S.B. 2010. Chasing the dragon: developing indicators for the assessment of community participation in health programmes. Social Science & Medicine. 71 (6), pp. 1102-1109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.05.016

The cortisol awakening response: more than a measure of HPA axis function
Clow, A., Hucklebridge, F., Stalder, T., Evans, P. and Thorn, L. 2010. The cortisol awakening response: more than a measure of HPA axis function. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews. 35 (1), pp. 97-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2009.12.011

Associations between psychosocial state variables and the cortisol awakening response in a single case study
Stalder, T., Evans, P., Hucklebridge, F. and Clow, A. 2010. Associations between psychosocial state variables and the cortisol awakening response in a single case study. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 35 (2), pp. 209-214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2009.06.006

Development work for wave 2 of the food and you survey
Smeaton, D., Draper, A., Durante, L. and Vowden, K. 2010. Development work for wave 2 of the food and you survey. London Food Standards Agency. https://doi.org/UnitReport16

Food and climate change: a review of the effects of climate change on food within the remit of the Food Standards Agency
Lake, I.R., Abdelhamid, A., Hooper, L., Bentham, G., Boxall, A.B.A., Draper, A., Fairweather-Tait, S., Hulme, M., Hunter, P.R., Nichols, G. and Waldron, K.W. 2010. Food and climate change: a review of the effects of climate change on food within the remit of the Food Standards Agency. Food Standards Agency.

The cortisol awakening response in context
Clow, A., Hucklebridge, F. and Thorn, L. 2010. The cortisol awakening response in context. International Review of Neurobiology. 93, pp. 153-175.

Editorial - The iceberg of social disadvantage and chronic stress: implications for public health
Clow, A. 2010. Editorial - The iceberg of social disadvantage and chronic stress: implications for public health. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews. 35 (1), p. 1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.03.002

Use of a single case study design to examine state variation in the cortisol awakening response: relationship with time of awakening
Stalder, T., Hucklebridge, F., Evans, P. and Clow, A. 2009. Use of a single case study design to examine state variation in the cortisol awakening response: relationship with time of awakening. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 34 (4), pp. 607-614. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2008.10.023

The cortisol awakening response, seasonality, stress and arousal: a study of trait and state influences
Thorn, L., Hucklebridge, F., Evans, P. and Clow, A. 2009. The cortisol awakening response, seasonality, stress and arousal: a study of trait and state influences. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 34 (3), pp. 299-306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2008.11.005

Diurnal patterns of salivary cortisol across the adolescent period in healthy females
Oskis, A., Loveday, C., Hucklebridge, F., Thorn, L. and Clow, A. 2009. Diurnal patterns of salivary cortisol across the adolescent period in healthy females. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 34 (3), pp. 307-316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2008.09.009

Evaluation of community level interventions to address social and structural determinants of health: a cluster randomised controlled trial
Wall, M., Hayes, R., Moore, D.G., Pettigrew, M., Clow, A., Schmidt, E., Draper, A., Lock, K., Lynch, R. and Renton, A. 2009. Evaluation of community level interventions to address social and structural determinants of health: a cluster randomised controlled trial. BMC Public Health. 9 (207), p. 1. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-9-207

The social aspects of food and nutrition
Gustafsson, U. and Draper, A. 2009. The social aspects of food and nutrition. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics. 22 (2), pp. 87-88. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-277X.2009.00951.x

Eloquent bodies: conflict and ritual in northern Sri Lanka
Derges, J. 2009. Eloquent bodies: conflict and ritual in northern Sri Lanka. Anthropology and Medicine. 16 (1), pp. 27-36. https://doi.org/10.1080/13648470802425930

Book review: Impotent warriors: Gulf war syndrome, vulnerability and masculinity, by Susie Kilshaw
Derges, J. 2009. Book review: Impotent warriors: Gulf war syndrome, vulnerability and masculinity, by Susie Kilshaw. Anthropology and Medicine. 16 (3), pp. 334-336. https://doi.org/10.1080/13648470903356836

Associations between positive emotion and recovery of functional status following stroke
Ostir, G.V., Berges, I.M., Ottenbacher, M.E., Clow, A. and Ottenbacher, K.J. 2008. Associations between positive emotion and recovery of functional status following stroke. Psychosomatic Medicine. 70 (4), pp. 404-409. https://doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0b013e31816fd7d0

Staple foods
Draper, A. and Tuffrey, V. 2008. Staple foods. in: Millstone, E. and Lang, T. (ed.) The atlas of food: who eats what, where and why. 2nd edition London, UK Earthscan. pp. 80-81

Nutritional deficiencies
Draper, A. and Tuffrey, V. 2008. Nutritional deficiencies. in: Millstone, E. and Lang, T. (ed.) The atlas of food: who eats what, where and why. 2nd edition London, UK Earthscan. pp. 26-27

Changing diets
Draper, A. and Tuffrey, V. 2008. Changing diets. in: Millstone, E. and Lang, T. (ed.) The atlas of food: who eats what, where and why. 2nd edition London, UK Earthscan. pp. 82-83

Cortisol secretory activity in older people in relation to positive and negative well-being
Evans, P., Forte, D., Jacobs, C., Fredhoi, C., Aitchison, E., Hucklebridge, F. and Clow, A. 2007. Cortisol secretory activity in older people in relation to positive and negative well-being. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 32 (8-10), pp. 922-930. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2007.06.017

Community participation in nutrition programmes for child survival and anemia
Rifkin, S.B., Hewitt, G. and Draper, A. 2007. Community participation in nutrition programmes for child survival and anemia. Centre for Public Health Nutrition, University of Westminster for A2Z, Washington DC.

Improving food provision in a Guyanese home for the elderly: a participatory approach
Hewitt, G., Draper, A., Ismail, S. and Patterson, S. 2007. Improving food provision in a Guyanese home for the elderly: a participatory approach. Public Health Nutrition. 10 (6), pp. 552-558. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980007246804

The nutritional vulnerability of older Guyanese in residential homes
Hewitt, G., Ismail, S., Patterson, P. and Draper, A. 2006. The nutritional vulnerability of older Guyanese in residential homes. West Indian Medical Journal. 55 (5), pp. 334-339.

Suspected non-adherence and weekend versus week day differences in the awakening cortisol response
Thorn, L., Hucklebridge, F., Evans, P. and Clow, A. 2006. Suspected non-adherence and weekend versus week day differences in the awakening cortisol response. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 31 (8), pp. 1009-1018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2006.05.012

Post-awakening cortisol secretion during basic military training
Clow, A., Edwards, S., Owen, G., Evans, G., Evans, P., Hucklebridge, F. and Casey, A. 2006. Post-awakening cortisol secretion during basic military training. International Journal of Psychophysiology. 60 (1), pp. 88-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2005.05.007

Stressful life events are associated with low secretion rates of immunoglobulin A in saliva in the middle aged and elderly
Phillips, A.C., Carroll, D., Evans, P., Bosch, J.A., Clow, A., Hucklebridge, F. and Der, G. 2006. Stressful life events are associated with low secretion rates of immunoglobulin A in saliva in the middle aged and elderly. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity. 20 (2), pp. 191-197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2005.06.006

Risk and trust: determinants of public perceptions
Draper, A., Green, J., Dowler, E., Fele, G., Hagenhoff, V., Rusanen, M. and Rusanen, T. 2006. Risk and trust: determinants of public perceptions. in: Dora, C. (ed.) Health, hazards and public debates: lessons for risk communication from the BSE/CJD saga Copenhagen, Denmark WHO Regional Office for Europe. pp. 62-83

Book review: What's behind the symptom? On psychiatric observation and anthropological understanding
Derges, J. 2006. Book review: What's behind the symptom? On psychiatric observation and anthropological understanding. Anthropology and Medicine. 13 (2), pp. 190-191. https://doi.org/10.1080/13648470600759266

Normalisation of salivary cortisol levels and self-report stress by a brief lunchtime visit to an art gallery by London City workers
Clow, A. and Fredhoi, C. 2006. Normalisation of salivary cortisol levels and self-report stress by a brief lunchtime visit to an art gallery by London City workers. Journal of Holistic Healthcare. 3 (2), pp. 29-32.

Salivary cortisol, stress and arousal following five weeks training in kinesthetic meditation to undergraduate students
Bullen, V., Fredhoi, C., Bloom, W., Povey, J., Hucklebridge, F., Evans, P. and Clow, A. 2006. Salivary cortisol, stress and arousal following five weeks training in kinesthetic meditation to undergraduate students. Journal of Holistic Healthcare. 3 (3), pp. 34-38.

Reduction in cortisol after smoking cessation among users of nicotine patches
Ussher, M., West, R., Evans, P., Steptoe, A., McEwen, A., Clow, A. and Hucklebridge, F. 2006. Reduction in cortisol after smoking cessation among users of nicotine patches. Psychosomatic Medicine. 68 (2), pp. 299-306. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.psy.0000204926.27215.a1

A compilation of energy costs of physical activities
Vaz, M., Karaolis, N., Draper, A. and Shetty, P. 2005. A compilation of energy costs of physical activities. Public Health Nutrition. 8 (7A), pp. 1153-1183. https://doi.org/10.1079/PHN2005802

Public understanding of food risks in four European countries: a qualitative study
Green, J., Draper, A., Dowler, E., Fele, G., Hagenhoff, V., Rusanen, M. and Rusanen, T. 2005. Public understanding of food risks in four European countries: a qualitative study. European Journal of Public Health. 15 (5), pp. 523-527. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/cki016

Engaging the hard-to-reach: an evaluation of participatory methods used in research with secondary school students
Mitchell, J., Draper, A., Green, J., Thorogood, N. and Gustafsson, U. 2005. Engaging the hard-to-reach: an evaluation of participatory methods used in research with secondary school students. British Sociological Association Annual Conference 2005. York, UK 21-23 Mar 2005

All the nuts in one basket: participatory research and unexpected ethics
Mitchell, J., Draper, A., Green, J., Thorogood, N. and Gustafsson, U. 2005. All the nuts in one basket: participatory research and unexpected ethics. British Sociological Association Annual Conference 2005. York, UK 21-23 Mar 2005

Public involvement in food policy: guidelines for commissioning consultative activities with the hard-to-reach
Mitchell, J., Draper, A., Green, J., Gustafsson, U. and Thorogood, N. 2005. Public involvement in food policy: guidelines for commissioning consultative activities with the hard-to-reach. London, UK University of Westminster.

Women health care provider projects: joint findings from Ghana and Uganda
Hewitt, G., Draper, A., Hall, A., Amoaful, E., Newton, S., Jitta, J. and Kyaddondo, D. 2005. Women health care provider projects: joint findings from Ghana and Uganda. London, UK University of Westminster.

Tony Blair won't eat our dinner, why do we?
Gustafsson, U., Mitchell, J., Draper, A., Green, J. and Thorogood, N. 2005. Tony Blair won't eat our dinner, why do we? British Sociological Association Annual Conference 2005. York, UK 21-23 Mar 2005

Sample surveys of public perceptions and opinions
Gasperoni, G., Draper, A., Hagenhoff, V., Rusanen, M. and Rusanen, T. 2005. Sample surveys of public perceptions and opinions. in: Dora, C. (ed.) Health hazards and public debate: lessons for risk communication from the BSE/CJD saga Copenhagen, Denmark WHO Regional Office for Europe.

An evaluation of participatory methods for research with hard-to-reach groups
Draper, A., Mitchell, J., Newton, P., Gustafsson, U., Green, J. and Thorogood, N. 2005. An evaluation of participatory methods for research with hard-to-reach groups. Fare Choice. 33 (2), p. 4.

Methods to access consumer views on food policy issues: an evaluation of their viability and efficacy for inclusive participation in food policy making
Draper, A., Mitchell, J., Newton, P. and Green, J. 2005. Methods to access consumer views on food policy issues: an evaluation of their viability and efficacy for inclusive participation in food policy making. London, UK University of Westminster.

Food choice, influencing factors
Draper, A. 2005. Food choice, influencing factors. in: Caballero, B., Allen, L. and Prentice, A. (ed.) Encyclopedia of human nutrition. 2nd edition Amsterdam ; London Elsevier.

Book review: Masking terror: how women contain violence in southern Sri Lanka
Derges, J. 2005. Book review: Masking terror: how women contain violence in southern Sri Lanka. Anthropology and Medicine. 12 (1), pp. 80-82. https://doi.org/10.1080/13648470500049875

The diurnal patterns of the adrenal steroids cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in relation to awakening
Hucklebridge, F., Hussain, T., Evans, P. and Clow, A. 2005. The diurnal patterns of the adrenal steroids cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in relation to awakening. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 30 (1), pp. 51-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2004.04.007

Acute reduction in secretory immunoglobulin A following smoking cessation
Ussher, M., West, R., Evans, P., Steptoe, A., McEwen, A., Clow, A. and Hucklebridge, F. 2004. Acute reduction in secretory immunoglobulin A following smoking cessation. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 29 (10), pp. 1335-1340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2004.04.004

The principles and application of qualitative research
Draper, A. 2004. The principles and application of qualitative research. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society. 63 (4), pp. 641-646. https://doi.org/10.1079/PNS2004397

Cortisol response and subjective sleep disturbance after low frequency noise exposure
Perrson Waye, K., Agge, A., Clow, A. and Hucklebridge, F. 2004. Cortisol response and subjective sleep disturbance after low frequency noise exposure. Journal of Sound and Vibration. 277 (3), pp. 453-457. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2004.03.004

Researching food habits: methods and problems
Draper, A. 2004. Researching food habits: methods and problems. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics. 17 (5), pp. 485-486. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-277X.2004.00556.x

The effect of dawn simulation on the cortisol response to awakening in healthy participants
Thorn, L., Hucklebridge, F., Esgate, A., Evans, P. and Clow, A. 2004. The effect of dawn simulation on the cortisol response to awakening in healthy participants. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 29 (7), pp. 925-930. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2003.08.005

The awakening cortisol response: methodological issues and significance
Clow, A., Thorn, L., Evans, P. and Hucklebridge, F. 2004. The awakening cortisol response: methodological issues and significance. Stress. 7 (1), pp. 29-37. https://doi.org/10.1080/10253890410001667205

Decreased pain tolerance and mood in recreational users of MDMA
O'Regan, M.C. and Clow, A. 2004. Decreased pain tolerance and mood in recreational users of MDMA. Psychopharmacology. 173 (3-4), pp. 446-451. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-003-1748-8

Engaging the hard-to-reach: an evaluation of participatory methods for research with secondary school students
Draper, A., Mitchell, J., Newton, P., Gustafsson, U., Green, J. and Thorogood, N. 2004. Engaging the hard-to-reach: an evaluation of participatory methods for research with secondary school students. Consumer and Nutrition: Challenges and Chances for Research and Society: 9th Karlsruhe Nutritional Congress. Karlsruhe, Germany 10-12 Oct 2004 pp. 163-167

The impact of psychological stress on immune function in the athletic population
Clow, A. and Hucklebridge, F. 2004. The impact of psychological stress on immune function in the athletic population. Exercise Immunology Review. 7, pp. 5-17.

Cortisol as a biomarker of stress
Clow, A. 2004. Cortisol as a biomarker of stress. Journal of Holistic Healthcare. 1, pp. 10-14.

Short cuts to safety: risk and 'rules of thumb' in accounts of food choice
Green, J., Draper, A. and Dowler, E. 2003. Short cuts to safety: risk and 'rules of thumb' in accounts of food choice. Health, Risk & Society. 5 (1), pp. 33-52. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369857031000065998

Components of the diurnal cortisol cycle in relation to upper respiratory symptoms and perceived stress
Edwards, S., Hucklebridge, F., Clow, A. and Evans, P. 2003. Components of the diurnal cortisol cycle in relation to upper respiratory symptoms and perceived stress. Psychosomatic Medicine. 65 (2), pp. 320-327. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.PSY.0000033123.70631.8E

Effects of nighttime low frequency noise on the cortisol response to awakening and subjective sleep quality
Persson Waye, K., Clow, A., Edwards, S., Hucklebridge, F. and Rylander, R. 2003. Effects of nighttime low frequency noise on the cortisol response to awakening and subjective sleep quality. Life Sciences. 72 (8), pp. 863-875. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-3205(02)02336-6

Food safety and consumers: constructions of choice and risk
Draper, A. and Green, J. 2003. Food safety and consumers: constructions of choice and risk. in: Dowler, E. (ed.) The welfare of food: rights and responsibilities in a changing world Oxford, UK Blackwell. pp. 54-69

Working with refugees and survivors of trauma in a day hospital setting: field report
Derges, J. and Henderson, F. 2003. Working with refugees and survivors of trauma in a day hospital setting: field report. Journal of Refugee Studies. 16 (1), pp. 82-98.

An investigation into asymmetrical cortical regulation of salivary S-IgA in conscious man using transcranial magnetic stimulation
Clow, A., Lambert, S., Evans, P., Hucklebridge, F. and Higuchi, K. 2003. An investigation into asymmetrical cortical regulation of salivary S-IgA in conscious man using transcranial magnetic stimulation. International Journal of Psychophysiology. 47 (1), pp. 57-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8760(02)00093-4

Book review: Mental health of Indian women: a feminist agenda by Bhargavi V. Davar
Derges, J. 2003. Book review: Mental health of Indian women: a feminist agenda by Bhargavi V. Davar. Anthropology and Medicine. 10 (1), pp. 145-146. https://doi.org/10.1080/13648470301271

Book review: Cultures under siege: collective violence and trauma’ by Antonius C.G. Robben and Marcelo M. Suarez-Orozco (Eds)
Derges, J. 2003. Book review: Cultures under siege: collective violence and trauma’ by Antonius C.G. Robben and Marcelo M. Suarez-Orozco (Eds). Anthropology and Medicine. 10 (1), pp. 143-145. https://doi.org/10.1080/13648470301271

Food safety and consumers: constructions of choice and risk
Draper, A. and Green, J. 2002. Food safety and consumers: constructions of choice and risk. Social Policy and Administration. 36 (6), pp. 610-625. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9515.00307

Effects of short- and long-term (-)-deprenyl administration on mRNA for copper, zinc- and manganese-superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in rat brain
Kunikowska, G., Gallagher, I., Glover, V., Clow, A. and Jenner, P. 2002. Effects of short- and long-term (-)-deprenyl administration on mRNA for copper, zinc- and manganese-superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in rat brain. Brain Research. 953 (1-2), pp. 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-8993(02)03187-6

The awakening cortisol response: no evidence for an influence of body posture
Hucklebridge, F., Mellins, J., Evans, P. and Clow, A. 2002. The awakening cortisol response: no evidence for an influence of body posture. Life Sciences. 71 (6), pp. 639-646. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-3205(02)01726-5

Community development to improve diet and nutrition
Hewitt, G., Draper, A. and Dowler, E. 2002. Community development to improve diet and nutrition. London, UK University of Westminster.

Under-nutrition
Gandy, J. and Draper, A. 2002. Under-nutrition. in: Millstone, E. and Lang, T. (ed.) The atlas of food: who eats what, where and why London, UK Earthscan. pp. 22-23

Changing diets
Gandy, J. and Draper, A. 2002. Changing diets. in: Millstone, E. and Lang, T. (ed.) The atlas of food: who eats what, where and why London, UK Earthscan. pp. 80-91

Neuroimmune relationships in perspective
Clow, A. and Hucklebridge, F. 2002. Neuroimmune relationships in perspective. International Review of Neurobiology. 52 (1), pp. 1-15.

Ultrasound measures of bone and the diurnal free cortisol cycle: a positive association with the awakening cortisol response in healthy premenopausal women
Brooke-Wavell, K., Clow, A., Ghazi-Noori, S., Evans, P. and Hucklebridge, F. 2002. Ultrasound measures of bone and the diurnal free cortisol cycle: a positive association with the awakening cortisol response in healthy premenopausal women. Calcified Tissue International. 70 (6), pp. 463-468. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-001-2085-8

Low frequency noise enhances cortisol among noise sensitive subjects during work performance
Persson Waye, K., Bengtsson, J., Rylander, R., Hucklebridge, F., Evans, P. and Clow, A. 2002. Low frequency noise enhances cortisol among noise sensitive subjects during work performance. Life Sciences. 70 (7), pp. 745-758. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-3205(01)01450-3

Association between time of awakening and diurnal cortisol secretory activity
Edwards, S., Evans, P., Hucklebridge, F. and Clow, A. 2001. Association between time of awakening and diurnal cortisol secretory activity. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 26 (6), pp. 613-622. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4530(01)00015-4

Exploration of the awakening cortisol response in relation to diurnal cortisol secretory activity
Edwards, S., Clow, A., Evans, P. and Hucklebridge, F. 2001. Exploration of the awakening cortisol response in relation to diurnal cortisol secretory activity. Life Sciences. 68 (18), pp. 2093-2103. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-3205(01)00996-1

Lay perceptions of risk in relation to food safety and BSE in the UK: preliminary findings
Draper, A., Dowler, E. and Green, J. 2001. Lay perceptions of risk in relation to food safety and BSE in the UK: preliminary findings. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism. 45 (supplement 1), p. 544.

CuZn-superoxide dismutase transgenic mice: no effect on longevity, locomotor activity and 3H-mazindol and 3H-spiperone binding over 19 months
Gallagher, I., Jenner, P., Glover, V. and Clow, A. 2000. CuZn-superoxide dismutase transgenic mice: no effect on longevity, locomotor activity and 3H-mazindol and 3H-spiperone binding over 19 months. Neuroscience Letters. 289 (3), pp. 221-223. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3940(00)01279-9

Modulation of secretory immunoglobulin A in saliva; response to manipulation of mood
Hucklebridge, F., Lambert, S., Clow, A., Warburton, D.M., Evans, P. and Sherwood, N. 2000. Modulation of secretory immunoglobulin A in saliva; response to manipulation of mood. Biological Psychology. 53 (1), pp. 25-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-0511(00)00040-5

The cortisol response to normal and nocturnal awakening
Hucklebridge, F., Clow, A., Rahman, H. and Evans, P. 2000. The cortisol response to normal and nocturnal awakening. Journal of Psychophysiology. 14 (1), pp. 24-28. https://doi.org/10.1027//0269-8803.14.1.24

Mind, immunity and health: the science of psychoneuroimmunology
Evans, P., Hucklebridge, F. and Clow, A. 2000. Mind, immunity and health: the science of psychoneuroimmunology. London Free Association.

Endogenous monoamine oxidase inhibitory activity and HPA activation in the pig
Clow, A., Vellucci, S.V., Parrott, R.F., Hucklebridge, F., Sen, S. and Evans, P. 1999. Endogenous monoamine oxidase inhibitory activity and HPA activation in the pig. Life Sciences. 66 (1), pp. 35-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-3205(99)00559-7

Long term effects of pergolide and (-)-deprenyl on 3H-mazindol and 3H-spiperone binding in rat brain
Gallagher, I., Clow, A., Jenner, P. and Glover, V. 1999. Long term effects of pergolide and (-)-deprenyl on 3H-mazindol and 3H-spiperone binding in rat brain. Neurobiology of Aging. 20 (6), pp. 709-713. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0197-4580(99)00026-3

The awakening cortisol response and blood glucose levels
Hucklebridge, F., Clow, A., Abeyguneratne, T., Huezo-Diaz, P. and Evans, P. 1999. The awakening cortisol response and blood glucose levels. Life Sciences. 64 (11), pp. 931-937. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-3205(99)00019-3

Effect of long-term administration of pergolide and (-) -deprenyl on age related decline in Hole Board activity and antioxidant activity in rats
Gallagher, I., Clow, A., Jenner, P. and Glover, V. 1999. Effect of long-term administration of pergolide and (-) -deprenyl on age related decline in Hole Board activity and antioxidant activity in rats. Biogenic Amines. 15, pp. 379-393.

The relationship between salivary secretory immunoglobulin A and cortisol: neuroendocrine response to awakening and the diurnal cycle
Hucklebridge, F., Clow, A. and Evans, P. 1998. The relationship between salivary secretory immunoglobulin A and cortisol: neuroendocrine response to awakening and the diurnal cycle. International Journal of Psychophysiology. 31 (1), pp. 69-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8760(98)00042-7

Mind-body influences on immunity: lateralised control, stress, individual differences, and prophylaxis
Gruzelier, J., Clow, A., Evans, P., Lazar, I. and Walker, L. 1998. Mind-body influences on immunity: lateralised control, stress, individual differences, and prophylaxis. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 851, pp. 487-494. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09027.x

The relationship between circadian patterns of salivary cortisol and endogenous inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A
Hucklebridge, F., Sen, S., Evans, P. and Clow, A. 1998. The relationship between circadian patterns of salivary cortisol and endogenous inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A. Life Sciences. 62 (25), pp. 2321-2328. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-3205(98)00213-6

Secretory immunoglobulin A and cardiovascular responses to mental arithmetic and cold pressor
Willemsen, G., Ring, C., Evans, P. and Clow, A. 1998. Secretory immunoglobulin A and cardiovascular responses to mental arithmetic and cold pressor. Psychophysiology. 35 (3), pp. 252-259. https://doi.org/10.1111/1469-8986.3530252

Regional and molecular separation of the four bioactivities of ‘tribulin’
Hucklebridge, F., Doyle, A., Pang, F.Y., Adlard, M., Evans, P. and Clow, A. 1998. Regional and molecular separation of the four bioactivities of ‘tribulin’. Neuroscience Letters. 240 (1), pp. 29-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3940(97)00916-6

The role and regulation of monoamines in stress
Clow, A., Hucklebridge, F. and Evans, P. 1998. The role and regulation of monoamines in stress. in: Levi, A., Grauer, E., Ben-Nathan, D. and de Kloet, E.R. (ed.) New frontiers in stress research: modulation of brain function Amsterdam Harwood Academic. pp. 21-31

The cortisol response to psychological challenge is preceded by a rise in endogenous inhibitor of monoamine oxidase.
Clow, A., Patel, S., Najafi, M., Evans, P. and Hucklebridge, F. 1997. The cortisol response to psychological challenge is preceded by a rise in endogenous inhibitor of monoamine oxidase. Life Sciences. 61 (5), pp. 567-575. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-3205(97)00416-5

Raised blood albumin levels are associated with trait anxiety
Stones, A., Groome, D.H., Clow, A. and Hucklebridge, F. 1997. Raised blood albumin levels are associated with trait anxiety. Depression & Anxiety. 4 (3), pp. 151-152. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1520-6394(1996)4:3<151::AID-DA10>3.0.CO;2-V

Long term administration of (-)-deprenyl increases mortality in male wistar rats
Gallagher, I., Clow, A. and Glover, V. 1997. Long term administration of (-)-deprenyl increases mortality in male wistar rats. Journal of Neural Transmission (supplement). 52, pp. 321-326.

Endogenous monoamine oxidase A inhibitory activity (tribulin), measured in saliva, is related to cardiovascular reactivity in normal individuals
Clow, A., Doyle, A., Hucklebridge, F., Carroll, D., Ring, C., Shrimpton, J., Willemsen, G. and Evans, P. 1997. Endogenous monoamine oxidase A inhibitory activity (tribulin), measured in saliva, is related to cardiovascular reactivity in normal individuals. Journal of Neural Transmission (supplement). 52, pp. 77-83.

Modulation of secretory immunoglobulin A in saliva in relation to an acute episode of stress and arousal
Bristow, M., Hucklebridge, F., Clow, A. and Evans, P. 1997. Modulation of secretory immunoglobulin A in saliva in relation to an acute episode of stress and arousal. Journal of Psychophysiology. 11 (3), pp. 248-255.

Positive but not negative life events predict vulnerability to upper respiratory illness
Evans, P., Doyle, A., Hucklebridge, F. and Clow, A. 1996. Positive but not negative life events predict vulnerability to upper respiratory illness. British Journal of Health Psychology. 1 (4), pp. 339-348. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8287.1996.tb00514.x

Salivary monoamine oxidase A and B inhibitory activities correlate with stress
Doyle, A., Hucklebridge, F., Evans, P. and Clow, A. 1996. Salivary monoamine oxidase A and B inhibitory activities correlate with stress. Life Sciences. 59 (16), pp. 1357-1362. https://doi.org/10.1016/0024-3205(96)00461-4

Isatin: a link between natriuretic peptides and monoamines?
Medvedev, A.E., Clow, A., Sandler, M. and Glover, V. 1996. Isatin: a link between natriuretic peptides and monoamines? Biochemical Pharmacology. 52 (3), pp. 385-391. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-2952(96)00206-7

Urinary output of endogenous monoamine oxidase inhibitory activity is related to everyday stress
Doyle, A., Hucklebridge, F., Evans, P. and Clow, A. 1996. Urinary output of endogenous monoamine oxidase inhibitory activity is related to everyday stress. Life Sciences. 58 (20), pp. 1723-1730. https://doi.org/10.1016/0024-3205(96)00153-1

Tribulin and stress in normal individuals
Doyle, A., Pang, F.Y., Hucklebridge, F., Evans, P. and Clow, A. 1996. Tribulin and stress in normal individuals. in: McCarty, R., Aguilera, G., Sabban, E. and Kvetnansky, R. (ed.) Stress: molecular genetic and neurobiological advances Amsterdam Harwood Academic.

The relationship between isatin and monoamine oxidase-B inhibitory activity in urine
Pang, F.Y., Hucklebridge, F., Forster, G., Tan, K. and Clow, A. 1996. The relationship between isatin and monoamine oxidase-B inhibitory activity in urine. Stress Medicine. 12 (1), pp. 35-42. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1700(199601)12:1<35::AID-SMI676>3.0.CO;2-2

Urinary cortisol and endogenous monoamine oxidase inhibitor(s), but not isatin, are raised in anticipation of stress and/or arousal in normal individuals
Doyle, A., Pang, F.Y., Bristow, M., Hucklebridge, F., Evans, P. and Clow, A. 1996. Urinary cortisol and endogenous monoamine oxidase inhibitor(s), but not isatin, are raised in anticipation of stress and/or arousal in normal individuals. Stress Medicine. 12 (1), pp. 43-49. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1700(199601)12:1<43::AID-SMI677>3.0.CO;2-4

Effects of pergolide, (-)-deprenyl and thioridazine on soluble SOD, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in rat striata
Pattichis, K., Louca, L.L., Clow, A. and Glover, V. 1995. Effects of pergolide, (-)-deprenyl and thioridazine on soluble SOD, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in rat striata. Medical Science Research. 23, pp. 733-735.

Secretory immunoglobulin A as convenient biomarker in health survey work
Evans, P., Hucklebridge, F., Clow, A. and Doyle, A. 1995. Secretory immunoglobulin A as convenient biomarker in health survey work. in: Rodriguez-Martin, J. (ed.) Health psychology and quality of life research: Proceedings of the 8th Annual Conference of the European Health Psychology Society Alicante University of Alicante.

Stress, arousal, Cortisol and secretory immunoglobulin A in students undergoing assessment
Evans, P., Bristow, M., Hucklebridge, F., Clow, A. and Pang, F.Y. 1994. Stress, arousal, Cortisol and secretory immunoglobulin A in students undergoing assessment. British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 33 (4), pp. 575-576. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8260.1994.tb01154.x

Dysphoria and immune status in postpartum women
Hucklebridge, F., Smith, M.D., Clow, A., Evans, P., Glover, V., Taylor, A., Adams, D. and Lydyard, P.M. 1994. Dysphoria and immune status in postpartum women. Biological Psychology. 37 (3), pp. 199-206. https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-0511(94)90002-7

The effect of pergolide and MDL 72974 on rat brain CuZn superoxide dismutase
Clow, A., Freestone, C., Lewis, E., Dexter, D., Sandler, M. and Glover, V. 1993. The effect of pergolide and MDL 72974 on rat brain CuZn superoxide dismutase. Neuroscience Letters. 164 (1-2), pp. 41-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3940(93)90852-C

The relationship between secretory immunity, mood and life-events
Evans, P., Bristow, M., Hucklebridge, F., Clow, A. and Walters, N. 1993. The relationship between secretory immunity, mood and life-events. British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 32 (2), pp. 227-236. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8260.1993.tb01050.x

Effects of dopaminergic drugs on superoxide dismutase: implications for senescence
Glover, V., Clow, A. and Sandler, M. 1993. Effects of dopaminergic drugs on superoxide dismutase: implications for senescence. Journal of Neural Transmission (supplement). 40, pp. 37-45.

Changes in plasma cortisol and catecholamine concentrations in response to massage in preterm infants
Acolet, D., Modi, N., Giannakoulopoulos, X., Bond, C., Weg, W., Clow, A. and Glover, V. 1993. Changes in plasma cortisol and catecholamine concentrations in response to massage in preterm infants. Archives of Disease in Childhood. 68 (1), pp. 29-31. https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.68.1_Spec_No.29

Inhibitory potency of some isatin analogues on human monoamine oxidase A and B
Medvedev, A.E., Goodwin, B.L., Clow, A., Halket, J., Glover, V. and Sandler, M. 1992. Inhibitory potency of some isatin analogues on human monoamine oxidase A and B. Biochemical Pharmacology. 44 (3), pp. 590-592. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-2952(92)90454-Q

Pergolide can induce soluble Superoxide dismutase in rat striata
Clow, A., Hussain, T., Glover, V., Sandler, M., Walker, M. and Dexter, D. 1992. Pergolide can induce soluble Superoxide dismutase in rat striata. Journal of Neural Transmission. 90 (1), pp. 27-31. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01250515

Effect of aromatic amino acids, pentylenetetrazole and yohimbine on isatin and tribulin activity in rat brain
Bhattacharya, S.K., Clow, A., Przyborowska, A., Halket, J., Glover, V. and Sandler, M. 1991. Effect of aromatic amino acids, pentylenetetrazole and yohimbine on isatin and tribulin activity in rat brain. Neuroscience Letters. 132 (1), pp. 44-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3940(91)90429-W

(−)-Deprenyl can induce soluble superoxide dismutase in rat striata
Clow, A., Hussain, T., Glover, V., Sandler, M., Dexter, D. and Walker, M. 1991. (−)-Deprenyl can induce soluble superoxide dismutase in rat striata. Journal of Neural Transmission. 86 (1), pp. 77-80. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01250378

Isatin (indole-2,3-dione) in urine and tissues: detection and determination by gas chromatography—mass spectrometry
Halket, J., Watkins, P.J., Przyborowska, A., Goodwin, B.L., Clow, A., Glover, V. and Sandler, M. 1991. Isatin (indole-2,3-dione) in urine and tissues: detection and determination by gas chromatography—mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications. 562 (1-2), pp. 279-287. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-4347(91)80585-Z

Isatin, regional distribution in rat brain and tissues
Watkins, P.J., Clow, A., Halket, J., Przyborowska, A. and Sandler, M. 1990. Isatin, regional distribution in rat brain and tissues. Neurochemistry International. 17 (2), pp. 321-323. https://doi.org/10.1016/0197-0186(90)90154-L

Stress reduces in vivo inhibition of monoamine oxidase by phenelzine in rat brain
Clow, A., Glover, V., Oxenkrug, G.F. and Sandler, M. 1989. Stress reduces in vivo inhibition of monoamine oxidase by phenelzine in rat brain. Neuroscience Letters. 107 (1-3), pp. 331-334. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3940(89)90841-0

Isatin and tribulin concentrations are increased in rabbit brain but not liver following pentylenetetrazole administration
Clow, A., Davidson, J., Glover, V., Halket, J., Milton, A.S., Sandler, M. and Watkins, P.J. 1989. Isatin and tribulin concentrations are increased in rabbit brain but not liver following pentylenetetrazole administration. Neuroscience Letters. 107 (1-3), pp. 327-330. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3940(89)90840-9

Tribulin: an endocoid marker for anxiety in man
Sandler, M., Clow, A., Watkins, P.J. and Glover, V. 1988. Tribulin: an endocoid marker for anxiety in man. Stress Medicine. 4 (4), pp. 215-219. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.2460040406

Isatin: identity with the purified endogenous monoamine oxidase inhibitor tribulin
Glover, V., Halket, J., Watkins, P.J., Clow, A., Goodwin, B.L. and Sandler, M. 1988. Isatin: identity with the purified endogenous monoamine oxidase inhibitor tribulin. Journal of Neurochemistry. 51 (2), pp. 656-659. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1988.tb01089.x

Tribulin in post-traumatic stress disorder
Davidson, J., Glover, V., Clow, A., Kudler, H., Meador, K. and Sandler, M. 1988. Tribulin in post-traumatic stress disorder. Psychological Medicine. 18 (4), pp. 833-836. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291700009764

Urinary catecholamine metabolite and tribulin output during lactate infusion
Clow, A., Glover, V., Weg, M.W., Walker, P.L., Sheehan, D.V., Carr, D.B. and Sandler, M. 1988. Urinary catecholamine metabolite and tribulin output during lactate infusion. British Journal of Psychiatry. 152, pp. 122-126. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.152.1.122

Increased urinary tribulin output in generalised anxiety disorder
Clow, A., Glover, V., Sandler, M. and Tiller, J. 1988. Increased urinary tribulin output in generalised anxiety disorder. Psychopharmacology. 95 (3), pp. 378-380. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00181951

Tribulin output in neurological disorders
Clow, A., Glover, V., Sandler, M., Elwes, R. and Reynolds, E.H. 1987. Tribulin output in neurological disorders. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 24 (3), pp. 403-404.

Purification and characterization of tribulin, an endogenous inhibitor of monoamine oxidase and of benzodiazepine receptor binding
Elsworth, J.D., Dewar, D., Glover, V., Goodwin, B.L., Clow, A. and Sandler, M. 1986. Purification and characterization of tribulin, an endogenous inhibitor of monoamine oxidase and of benzodiazepine receptor binding. Journal of Neural Transmission. 67 (1-2), pp. 45-56. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01243358

Triazolam, an anomalous benzodiazepine receptor ligand: in vitro characterization of alprazolam and triazolam binding
Clow, A., Glover, V. and Sandler, M. 1985. Triazolam, an anomalous benzodiazepine receptor ligand: in vitro characterization of alprazolam and triazolam binding. Journal of Neurochemistry. 45 (2), pp. 621-625. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1985.tb04031.x

Effects of discontinuous drug administration on the development of dopamine receptor supersensitivity during chronic trifluoperazine or cis-flupenthixol administration to rats
Murugaiah, K., Theodorou, A., Clow, A., Jenner, P. and Marsden, C.D. 1985. Effects of discontinuous drug administration on the development of dopamine receptor supersensitivity during chronic trifluoperazine or cis-flupenthixol administration to rats. Psychopharmacology. 86 (1-2), pp. 228-232. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00431715

New endogenous benzodiazepine receptor ligand in human urine: identity with endogenous monoamine oxidase inhibitor?
Clow, A., Glover, V., Armando, I. and Sandler, M. 1983. New endogenous benzodiazepine receptor ligand in human urine: identity with endogenous monoamine oxidase inhibitor? Life Sciences. 33 (8), pp. 735-741. https://doi.org/10.1016/0024-3205(83)90778-6

Ethanol preference in rats: increased consumption after intraventricular administration of tetrahydropapaveroline
Clow, A., Stolerman, I.P., Murray, R.M. and Sandler, M. 1983. Ethanol preference in rats: increased consumption after intraventricular administration of tetrahydropapaveroline. Neuropharmacology. 22 (4), pp. 563-565. https://doi.org/10.1016/0028-3908(83)90181-8

Raised endogenous monoamine oxidase inhibitor output in postwithdrawal alcoholics: effects of L-dopa and ethanol.
Bhattacharya, S.K., Glover, V., Sandler, M., Clow, A., Topham, A., Bernadt, M. and Murray, R.M. 1982. Raised endogenous monoamine oxidase inhibitor output in postwithdrawal alcoholics: effects of L-dopa and ethanol. Biological Psychiatry. 17 (7).

Chronic continuous administration of neuroleptic drugs alters cerebral dopamine receptors and increases spontaneous dopaminergic action in the striatum
Murugaiah, K., Theodorou, A., Mann, S., Clow, A., Jenner, P. and Marsden, C.D. 1982. Chronic continuous administration of neuroleptic drugs alters cerebral dopamine receptors and increases spontaneous dopaminergic action in the striatum. Nature. 296, pp. 570-572. https://doi.org/10.1038/296570a0

Chronic neuroleptic treatment specifically alters the number of dopamine receptors in rat brain
Theodorou, A., Gommeren, W., Clow, A., Leysen, J., Jenner, P. and Marsden, C.D. 1981. Chronic neuroleptic treatment specifically alters the number of dopamine receptors in rat brain. Life Sciences. 28 (14), pp. 1621-1627. https://doi.org/10.1016/0024-3205(81)90317-9

Neuroleptic-induced acute dystonic reactions may be due to enhanced dopamine release on to supersensitive postsynaptic receptors
Kolbe, H., Clow, A., Jenner, P. and Marsden, C.D. 1981. Neuroleptic-induced acute dystonic reactions may be due to enhanced dopamine release on to supersensitive postsynaptic receptors. Neurology. 31 (4(2)), pp. 434-439.

During one year's neuroleptic treatment in rats, striatal dopamine receptor blockade decreases but serum prolactin levels remain elevated
Dyer, R.G., Murugaiah, K., Theodorou, A., Clow, A., Jenner, P. and Marsden, C.D. 1981. During one year's neuroleptic treatment in rats, striatal dopamine receptor blockade decreases but serum prolactin levels remain elevated. Life Sciences. 28 (2), pp. 167-174. https://doi.org/10.1016/0024-3205(81)90549-X

Stereoselective actions of substituted benzamide drugs on cerebral dopamine mechanisms
Jenner, P., Clow, A., Reavill, C., Theodorou, A. and Marsden, C.D. 1980. Stereoselective actions of substituted benzamide drugs on cerebral dopamine mechanisms. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 32 (1), pp. 39-44. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1980.tb12842.x

A comparison of striatal and mesolimbic dopamine function in the rat during 6-month trifluoperazine administration
Clow, A., Jenner, P., Theodorou, A. and Marsden, C.D. 1980. A comparison of striatal and mesolimbic dopamine function in the rat during 6-month trifluoperazine administration. Psychopharmacology. 69 (3), pp. 227-233. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00433087

Changes in rat striatal dopamine turnover and receptor activity during one years neuroleptic administration
Clow, A., Theodorou, A., Jenner, P. and Marsden, C.D. 1980. Changes in rat striatal dopamine turnover and receptor activity during one years neuroleptic administration. European Journal of Pharmacology. 63 (2-3), pp. 135-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-2999(80)90437-9

Cerebral dopamine function in rats following withdrawal from one year of continuous neuroleptic administration
Clow, A., Theodorou, A., Jenner, P. and Marsden, C.D. 1980. Cerebral dopamine function in rats following withdrawal from one year of continuous neuroleptic administration. European Journal of Pharmacology. 63 (2-3), pp. 145-157. https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-2999(80)90438-0

Antagonism by propanol of central dopamine receptor stimulation is not related to β-adrenergic blockade
Luscombe, G., Clow, A., Jenner, P. and Marsden, C.D. 1979. Antagonism by propanol of central dopamine receptor stimulation is not related to β-adrenergic blockade. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 31 (1), pp. 355-356. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1979.tb13522.x

Changes in dopamine-mediated behaviour during one year's neuroleptic administration
Clow, A., Jenner, P. and Marsden, C.D. 1979. Changes in dopamine-mediated behaviour during one year's neuroleptic administration. European Journal of Pharmacology. 57 (4), pp. 365-375. https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-2999(79)90499-0

Neuroleptic drugs and the dopamine hypothesis
Clow, A., Jenner, P., Theodorou, A. and Marsden, C.D. 1979. Neuroleptic drugs and the dopamine hypothesis. Lancet. 313 (8122), p. 934. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(79)91424-7

Striatal dopamine receptors become supersensitive while rats are given trifluoperazine for six months
Clow, A., Jenner, P., Theodorou, A. and Marsden, C.D. 1979. Striatal dopamine receptors become supersensitive while rats are given trifluoperazine for six months. Nature. 278, pp. 59-61. https://doi.org/10.1038/278059a0

A comparison of in vitro and in vivo dopamine receptor antagonism produced by substituted benzamide drugs
Jenner, P., Elliott, P.N.C., Clow, A., Reavill, C. and Marsden, C.D. 1978. A comparison of in vitro and in vivo dopamine receptor antagonism produced by substituted benzamide drugs. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 30 (1), pp. 46-48. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1978.tb13151.x

A behavioural and biochemical comparison of dopamine receptor blockade produced by haloperidol with that produced by substituted benzamide drugs
Jenner, P., Clow, A., Reavill, C., Theodorou, A. and Marsden, C.D. 1978. A behavioural and biochemical comparison of dopamine receptor blockade produced by haloperidol with that produced by substituted benzamide drugs. Life Sciences. 23 (6), pp. 557-561. https://doi.org/10.1016/0024-3205(78)90032-2

An experimental model of tardive dyskinesias
Clow, A., Jenner, P., Theodorou, A. and Marsden, C.D. 1978. An experimental model of tardive dyskinesias. Life Sciences. 23 (5), pp. 421-423. https://doi.org/10.1016/0024-3205(78)90146-7